Izidlo zeSushi kunye neMpilo yokuZala yabasetyhini

Kuphononongo luka-2016, i-3 kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo be-10 babenamazinga e-mercury aphezulu kunomda okhuselekileyo we-EPA.

Kangangeminyaka, ukutya kwaselwandle kuye kwabhengezwa njengokhetho lokutya okunempilo kwesizwe. Kwi-2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, i-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ichaza ukuba oomama abalindeleyo batya ukutya okubili ukuya kwezintathu (8-12 oz) zeentlanzi ngeveki, ngokugxininisa kwiintlobo eziphantsi kwi-mercury kunye ne-omega-3 ephezulu. i-fatty acids, inxalenye yokutya okunokulinganisela.

Kwangaxeshanye, kuye kwavela iingxelo ezininzi zomdibaniso ezilumkisa ngeengozi ezininzi zempilo ezinxulumene nokutya kwaselwandle, ngakumbi kwabasetyhini. Ngoku ka uphando lwe-2016 oluqhutywa yi-Environmental Working Group (EWG), oomama abakhulelweyo abalandela imigaqo yokutya ye-FDA ngokuqhelekileyo banamazinga angakhuselekanga emekyuri egazini labo. Kubafazi abakhulelweyo abangama-254 abavavanywa yi-EWG abatye isixa esicetyiswayo sokutya kwaselwandle, omnye kwabathathu abathathi-nxaxheba unamanqanaba emekyuri abonwa njengengakhuselekanga yi-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Ngexesha leveki yokugqibela phantsi kolawulo luka-Obama, i-FDA kunye ne-EPA zikhuphe a isethi yezikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo, kunye noluhlu olude ngokuphawulekayo lweentlobo zezilwanyana ezikhulelweyo ezifanele ziphephe ngokupheleleyo.

Izindululo ezichasene norhulumente wobumbano zibangele ukubhideka phakathi kwabathengi baseMelika kwaye zashiya abasetyhini besengozini yokuvezwa yityhefu enokubakho. Inyaniso yomcimbi kukuba olu tshintsho kwiingcebiso zokutya kwiminyaka edluleyo lubonisa utshintsho lwempilo ye-ecosystem yethu yolwandle, ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye into.

Olu lwandle lukhulu yaye lunamandla, kwabonakala ngathi ulwandle lukho ngaphandle kolawulo okanye impembelelo yomntu. Ngokwembali, abantu babevakalelwa kukuba abanakuze bakhuphe ubutyebi bendalo obuninzi kakhulu, okanye babeke inkunkuma eninzi kakhulu, elwandle. Hayi indlela ebesiphosisa ngayo. Iminyaka yokuxhaphaza nokungcolisa isijikelezi-langa sethu esiluhlaza ithabathe intlekele. Ngoku, ngaphezulu kwe-85% yamashishini okuloba ehlabathi ahlelwa njengaxhatshazwe ngokupheleleyo okanye axhatshazwe ngokugqithisileyo. Ngo-2015, amasuntswana angama-5.25 eetriliyoni zeplastiki, anobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-270,000 yeetoni zeemetric, afunyanwa edada kwiijire zehlabathi, esongela ubomi bolwandle kwaye engcolisa iwebhu yokutya yehlabathi. Njengoko inkqubo yendalo yaselwandle itsala nzima, kokukhona kuye kwacaca ukuba impilo-ntle yabantu nobomi baselwandle bunxibelelene ngokusondeleyo. Oko kuthotywa kolwandle eneneni kungumba wamalungelo oluntu. Kwaye xa kuthethwa ngokutya kwaselwandle, ungcoliseko lwaselwandle luhlasela impilo yabasetyhini.

Okokuqala, iplastiki yenziwa kusetyenziswa imichiza efana ne-phthalates, iiretardants zomlilo, kunye ne-BPA- zonke eziye zanxulunyaniswa nemicimbi emikhulu yempilo yabantu. Ngokucacileyo, uthotho lwezifundo zophando olwenziwe ngo-2008 nango-2009 zafumanisa ukuba iidosi eziphantsi ze-BPA ziguqula ukukhula kwebele, zonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele, zinxulunyaniswa nokuphunyelwa sisisu okuphindaphindiweyo, kunokonakalisa ngokusisigxina ii-ovari zabasetyhini, kwaye zinokuphembelela ukukhula kokuziphatha kwamantombazana amancinci. Iingozi ezinxulumene nenkunkuma yethu zandiswa kanye kuphela emanzini olwandle.

Xa sele ingaphakathi elwandle, inkunkuma yeplastiki isebenza njengesipontshi sezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziyingozi, eziquka iDDT, iPCB, nezinye iikhemikhali ekudala zivaliwe. Ngenxa yoko, uphononongo lufumanise ukuba i-microbead yeplastiki enye inokuba yityhefu ngokuphindwe ngesigidi kunamanzi olwandle ajikelezileyo. Ii-microplastics ezidadayo zineziphazamisi ze-endocrine ezaziwayo, ezinokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zokuzala kunye nophuhliso lwabantu. Iikhemikhali, ezinje nge-DEHP, i-PVC, kunye ne-PS, eqhele ukufunyanwa kwinkunkuma yaselwandle yeplastiki zidityaniswe nokunyuka kwamazinga omhlaza, ukungazali, ukusilela kwamalungu, izifo zemithambo-luvo, kunye nokufikisa kwangoko kwabasetyhini. Njengoko ubomi baselwandle busitya inkunkuma yethu ngempazamo, ezi tyhefu zidlula kuthungelwano lokutya lolwandlekazi, de ekugqibeleni ziphelele kwiipleyiti zethu.

Umlinganiselo wokungcoliseka kolwandle mkhulu kakhulu, imithwalo yemizimba yazo zonke izilwanyana zaselwandle iye yangcoliswa. Ukusuka kwizisu ze-salmon ukuya kwi-blubber ye-orcas, i-toxins eyenziwe ngumntu iye yaqokelelwa kuwo onke amanqanaba ekhonkco lokutya.

Ngenxa yenkqubo ye-biomagnification, i-apex predators ithwala imithwalo ye-toxin emikhulu, eyenza ukusetyenziswa kwenyama yabo ibe yingozi kwimpilo yabantu.

KwiZikhokelo zeDietary for Americans, i-FDA incoma abafazi abakhulelweyo ukuba bangayityi intlanzi ye-mercury-heavy, njenge-tuna, i-swordfish, i-marlin, ehlala ihleli phezulu kwikhonkco lokutya. Eli cebiso, nangona lifanelekile, likutyeshela ukungangqinelani kwenkcubeko.

Ngokomzekelo, izizwe zomthonyama zeArctic, zixhomekeke kwinyama etyebileyo, enamafutha namanqatha ezilwanyana zaselwandle ukuze zifumane ukutya, zokubasa nokufudumala. Uphononongo luye lwathi ukuxinana okuphezulu kwevithamin C kulusu lwe-narwhal kwimpumelelo yokusinda kwabantu be-Inuit. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yokutya kwembali yezilwanyana ezizingelayo, abantu base-Inuit baseArctic bachaphazeleka kakhulu kungcoliseko lolwandle. Nangona iveliswe kumawaka eekhilomitha kude, ungcoliseko lwendalo oluzingisileyo (umz. izitshabalalisi, iikhemikhali zemizi-mveliso) zavavanywa ngokuphindwe ka-8-10 kwimizimba ye-Inuit ngakumbi kubisi lomama wama-Inuit. Aba basetyhini abanako ukuziqhelanisa ngokulula nezikhokelo eziguqukayo ze-FDA.

Kuwo wonke umzantsi-mpuma weAsia, isuphu yephiko likakrebe kudala ijongwa njengento etyiwayo. Ngokuchaseneyo nentsomi yokuba babonelela ngexabiso lesondlo elikhethekileyo, iifins zikakrebe eneneni zinamanqanaba emekyuri afikelela kumaxesha angama-42 aphezulu kunomda okhuselekileyo obekwe esweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukutya isuphu ye-shark fin kuyingozi kakhulu, ngakumbi kubantwana kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Noko ke, njengesilwanyana ngokwaso, kukho ilifu elishinyeneyo lenkcazelo engachananga engqonge amaphiko kakrebe. Kumazwe athetha isiMandarin, isuphu yephiko likakrebe idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yisuphu “yephiko lentlanzi”- ngenxa yoko, malunga ne-75% yamaTshayina ayazi ukuba isuphu yephiko likakrebe ivela kookrebe. Ke, nokuba iinkolelo zenkcubeko ezendeleyo zowasetyhini okhulelweyo zincothulwa ukuze zihambelane ne-FDA, usenokungabi nayo ne-arhente yokuphepha ukuvezwa. Nokuba uyazi umngcipheko okanye hayi, abafazi baseMelika ngokufanayo balahlekisa njengabathengi.

Nangona umngcipheko othile ophathelele ukutya kwaselwandle unokuncitshiswa ngokuphepha izilwanyana ezithile, eso sicombululo sithotywa yingxaki evelayo yobuqhophololo bokutya kwaselwandle. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwamashishini okuloba ehlabathini lonke kukhokelele ekwandeni kobuqhophololo bokutya kwaselwandle, apho imveliso yaselwandle ibhalwe ngendlela engeyiyo ngenjongo yokunyusa ingeniso, ukuphepha irhafu, okanye ukufihla ukungabikho mthethweni. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo ngowokuba amahlengesi abulawelwe ekulotyweni ngengozi ahlala epakishwa njengetyhuna enkonkxiweyo. Ingxelo yophando ka-2015 yafumanisa ukuba i-74% yokutya kwaselwandle okuvavanywa kwiindawo zokutyela ze-sushi kunye ne-38% kwiindawo zokutyela ezingezo-sushi e-US zabhalwa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Kwenye ivenkile yegrosari yaseNew York, i-tilefish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-ekuluhlu lwe-FDA's "Musa ukutya" ngenxa yomxholo wayo wemercury ephezulu - yayiphinda ibhalwe kwaye ithengiswe njenge "red snapper" kunye "ne-Alaskan halibut". ESanta Monica, eKhalifoniya, abapheki ababini be-sushi babanjwa bethengisa inyama yomnenga, begxininisa ukuba ityhuna enamafutha. Ubuqhophololo bokutya kwaselwandle abuphambuki nje iimarike kunye noqikelelo lobuninzi bobomi baselwandle, bubeka umngcipheko omkhulu wezempilo kubathengi beentlanzi kwihlabathi jikelele.

Ngoko ... ukutya okanye ukungatyi?

Ukusuka kwi-microplastics eyityhefu ukuya kubuqhophololo obuchanekileyo, ukutya ukutya kwaselwandle kwisidlo sangokuhlwa namhlanje kunokuziva kunzima. Kodwa ungakuvumeli oko kukoyikise kude neqela lokutya ngonaphakade! Iphezulu kwi-omega-3 fatty acids kunye neprotheni ephilileyo, intlanzi igcwele izibonelelo zempilo kubasetyhini kunye namadoda ngokufanayo. Yintoni isigqibo sokutya esihla ngokwenene kukwazi imeko. Ngaba imveliso yokutya kwaselwandle inayo ileyibhile ye-eco? Ngaba uyathenga kwindawo? Ngaba olu hlobo lwaziwa luphezulu kwimekyuri? Ngamafutshane: uyayazi into oyithengayo? Zixhobise ngolu lwazi ukuze uzikhusele kwabanye abathengi. Inyaniso nezibakala zibalulekile.