Indima yoMbutho weZizwe eziMazantsi-mpuma eAsia kwiMiba yoLwandlekazi

NgoJanuwari 28, ndafika eManila, ikomkhulu lakwiiPhilippines, esinye sezixeko ezili-16 ezibumba “iMetro Manila,” eyona dolophu inabemi abaninzi ehlabathini—ifikelela kuqikelelo lwabemi abali-17 lezigidi zabantu emini, abamalunga nomntu omnye. /1 yabemi belizwe. Yayilutyelelo lwam lokuqala eManila kwaye ndandivuyiswe ngokudibana namagosa karhulumente kunye nabanye ukuthetha nge-ASEAN kunye nendima yayo kwimiba yolwandle. I-ASEAN (i-Association of Southeast Asian Nations) yintlangano yorhwebo kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho lwengingqi kunye nezizwe ezingamalungu e-6 asebenza kunye ukukhuthaza izakhiwo zolawulo olufanayo ukuze kuphuculwe amandla ezoqoqosho kunye nentlalontle yommandla jikelele. Ilizwe ngalinye elilungu liba ngusihlalo kangangonyaka—ngolandelelwano lwealfabhethi.

Kwi-2017, iiPhilippines zilandela iLaos ukuba ibe ngusihlalo we-ASEAN unyaka. Urhulumente wakwiiPhilippines ufuna ukulisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ithuba analo. Ke, ukujongana neqhekeza lolwandle, iZiko leNkonzo yezaNgaphandle (kwiSebe leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle) kunye neBureau yoLawulo lweBiodiversity (kwiSebe lezeNdalo kunye neMithombo yeNdalo) yandimema ukuba ndithathe inxaxheba kumsebenzi wokucwangcisa ngenkxaso evela kwi-Asia Foundation. (phantsi kwenkxaso-mali evela kwiSebe leLizwe lase-US). Iqela lethu leengcaphephe laliquka uCheryl Rita Kaur, intloko ebambeleyo yeZiko leNdawo yoNxweme kunye noLwandle, iZiko laseLwandle laseMalaysia, kunye noGqr. UGqr. Talaue-McManus ukwangowasePhilippines kwaye uyingcaphephe kulo mmandla. Kwiintsuku ezintathu, sinike iingcebiso kwaye sathatha inxaxheba kwi-"Semina-Workshop yoKhuseleko lweNdawo yoNxweme kunye neNdawo yaseLwandle kunye nendima ye-ASEAN kwi-2017," kunye neenkokheli ezivela kwii-arhente ezininzi ukuxoxa ngamathuba obunkokeli be-Philippine kwi-ASEAN yokukhusela unxweme kunye nolwandle. 

I-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) sele iza kubhiyozela iminyaka yayo engama-50.  Izizwe eziLungu: iBrunei, iBurma (eMyanmar), iCambodia, iIndonesia, iLaos, iMalaysia, iiPhilippines, iSingapore, iThailand kunye neVietnam    

Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseLwandle zoMmandla  
Abantu abazizigidi ezingama-625 bezizwe ezili-10 ze-ASEAN baxhomekeke kulwandlekazi olusempilweni lwehlabathi, ngandlel’ ithile ngaphezu kweminye imimandla yehlabathi. Amanzi ommandla we-ASEAN abumba indawo ewuphinda kathathu umhlaba. Ngokudibeneyo bafumana inxalenye enkulu ye-GDP yabo ekulobeni (ulwandle lwasekhaya noluphezulu) kunye nokhenketho, kwaye kancinci kancinci kwi-aquaculture ukuze isetyenziswe ekhaya kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukhenketho, imboni ekhula ngokukhawuleza kumazwe amaninzi e-ASEAN, ixhomekeke kumoya ococekileyo, amanzi acocekileyo, kunye namanxweme anempilo. Eminye imisebenzi yaselwandle yommandla ibandakanya ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezolimo kunye nezinye iimveliso, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Ummandla we-ASEAN uquka iCoral Triangle, ummandla ozizikwekhilomitha ezizizigidi ezithandathu kumanzi akweleenjiko apho kuhlala iindidi ezi-6 kwezisi-7 zamafudo olwandle kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-2,000 15 zeentlanzi. Lilonke, lo mmandla ubamba i-33% yemveliso yeentlanzi kwihlabathi jikelele, i-34% yamadlelo engca yolwandle, i-35% ye-coral reef, kunye ne-2.3% ye-mangrove acreage yehlabathi. Ngelishwa, ezintathu ziyehla. Ngenxa yeenkqubo zokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, amahlathi e<em>mangrove anda—nto leyo eya kunceda ukuzinzisa unxweme nokwandisa imveliso yokuloba. Kuphela yi-XNUMX% yommandla omkhulu wommandla waselwandle olawulwa njengeendawo ezikhuselweyo (MPAs)-nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuthintela ukuhla okuthe kratya kwimpilo yemithombo ebalulekileyo yolwandle.

Izisongelo
Izisongelo kwimpilo yolwandle kwimisebenzi yabantu kummandla zifana nezo zifumaneka kwimimandla yonxweme emhlabeni jikelele, kubandakanywa nemiphumo yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Uphuhliso olugqithisileyo, ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ukungakwazi ukunyanzelisa imithetho echasene nokurhweba ngabantu, izilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela, ukuloba okungekho mthethweni kunye nolunye urhwebo lwezilwanyana zasendle olungekho mthethweni, kunye nokunqongophala kwemithombo yokujongana nolawulo lwenkunkuma nezinye iimfuno zeziseko ezingundoqo.

Kwintlanganiso, uGqr. Taulaue-McManus uxele ukuba lo mmandla ukwasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle, nto leyo ineempembelelo ekubekweni kweziseko zophuhliso zonxweme zazo zonke iindidi. Indibaniselwano yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, amanzi anzulu, kunye nokutshintsha kwekhemistri yolwandle kubeka ubomi bolwandle kulo mmandla emngciphekweni—ukutshintsha indawo yeentlobo zezilwanyana kunye nokuchaphazela ubomi babalobi abanobuchule kunye nabo baxhomekeke kukhenketho lokuntywila, umzekelo.

iimfuno
Ukujongana nezi zoyikiso, abathathi-nxaxheba kwiindibano zocweyo baqaqambise imfuneko yolawulo lokunciphisa iintlekele, ulawulo lolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kongcoliseko kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma. I-ASEAN idinga imigaqo-nkqubo enjalo ukwaba ukusetyenziswa, ukukhuthaza uqoqosho oluhlukeneyo, ukukhusela umonakalo (kubantu, kwiindawo zokuhlala, okanye kuluntu), kunye nokuxhasa uzinzo ngokubeka phambili ixabiso lexesha elide ngaphezu kwenzuzo yexesha elifutshane.

Kukho izoyikiso zangaphandle kwintsebenziswano yengingqi evela kungquzulwano lwezopolitiko/nozakuzo lwezinye izizwe, kubandakanywa urhwebo olutsha olutshintshwe kakhulu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe yolawulo olutsha lwase-US. Kukwakho nombono wehlabathi jikelele wokuba imiba yokurhweba ngabantu ayilungiswanga ngokwaneleyo kulo mmandla.

Sele kukho iinzame ezilungileyo zengingqi kwezokuloba, urhwebo ngezilwanyana zasendle, kunye nemigxobhozo. Ezinye izizwe zase-ASEAN zilungile ekuthumeleni kwaye ezinye kwiiMPAs. IMalaysia, usihlalo wangaphambili, isungule iSicwangciso soBuchule se-ASEAN kwiNdawo (ASPEN) ekwachonga ukujongana nezi mfuno njengendlela eya phambili nolawulo lolwandle lommandla wolawulo lwempumelelo ezinzileyo.  

Ngaloo ndlela, ezi zizwe ze-10 ze-ASEAN, kunye nehlabathi liphela ziya kuchaza uqoqosho olutsha oluluhlaza "oluya kusebenzisa ngokuzinzileyo iilwandle, iilwandle kunye nobutyebi baselwandle" (ngokweNjongo ye-UN yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo ye-14, eya kuba ngumxholo we intlanganiso yezizwe ngezizwe yeentsuku ezininzi ngoJuni). Kuba, eyona nto iphambili kukuba kufuneka kubekho izixhobo zomthetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula uqoqosho oluluhlaza, ukuchuma okuluhlaza (ukukhula), kunye noqoqosho lolwandle lwemveli ukusiqhubela kubudlelwane obuzinzileyo nolwandle. 

Ukuhlangabezana neeMfuno kunye noLawulo lwaseLwandle
Ulawulo lolwandle sisikhokelo semithetho kunye namaziko azama ukuququzelela indlela thina bantu esinxulumana ngayo namanxweme kunye nolwandle; ukuqiqisa kunye nokunciphisa ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwabantu kwiinkqubo zaselwandle. Ukudityaniswa kwazo zonke iinkqubo zaselwandle kufuna ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwezizwe ezingaselunxwemeni ze-ASEAN kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe kwimimandla engaphaya kolawulo lwesizwe ngokunjalo malunga nemithombo yomdla ofanayo.  

Kwaye, zeziphi iintlobo zemigaqo-nkqubo ephumeza ezi njongo? Ezo zichaza imigaqo efanayo yokungafihli, ukuzinza kunye nentsebenziswano, ukukhusela iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuxhasa imisebenzi yezoqoqosho, ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zonyaka, zejografi, kunye neentlobo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana neenjongo zamazwe ngamazwe, zengingqi, zesizwe, kunye nezoqoqosho kunye nezentlalo. . Ukuyila iipolisi kakuhle, i-ASEAN kufuneka iqonde into enayo kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo; ukuba sesichengeni kutshintsho lwemozulu, ubushushu bamanzi, ikhemistri, kunye nobunzulu; kunye neemfuno zexesha elide zozinzo noxolo. Iingcali zenzululwazi zinokuqokelela kwaye zigcine idatha kunye neziseko kunye nokugcina izikhokelo zokubeka iliso ezinokuqhubeka ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ziselubala ngokupheleleyo kwaye zidluliselwe.

Ezi zilandelayo zizindululo zezihloko kunye nemixholo yentsebenziswano evela kule ntlanganiso ye-2017 kuquka izinto eziphambili ezinokuthi zenzeke kwiNgxelo yeeNkokheli ze-ASEAN ezicetywayo malunga neNtsebenziswano yoKhuseleko lwaseLwandle kunye noKhuseleko lweNdalo yaseLwandle kunye / okanye amanyathelo akhokelwa yi-Philippine ekukhuselweni kwendalo yaselwandle kwi-2017 nangaphezulu:

Imixholo

IiMPA kunye neeMPAN
I-ASEAN Heritage Parks
Ukukhupha iCarbon
Imo iyatshintsha
Ulwabiwo olwandle
Izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi
Indawo yokuhlala
Iintlobo ezifudukayo
Ukuthengiswa kwezilwanyana zasendle
ILifa leMveli leNkcubeko yaseLwandle
Tourism
I-Aquaculture
Ukuloba
Amalungelo abantu
IUU
Umgangatho wolwandle 
Imigodi yaselwandle
Cables
Ukuthumela ngenqanawe / ukuhamba kweenqanawa

Imixholo

Uphuhliso lwezakhono zommandla
Sustainability
Ugcino
ukhuselo
Ukunciphisa
U lungiso
elubala
Ukulandelelana
Indlela yokuziphilisa
Ukudityaniswa komgaqo-nkqubo we-ASEAN / ukuqhubeka phakathi koorhulumente
Ukuqonda ukunciphisa ukungazi
Ukwabelana ngolwazi / Imfundo / Ukufikelela eluntwini
Iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo / imilinganiselo
Uphando ngentsebenziswano / ukubeka iliso
Itekhnoloji / ugqithiselo lweendlela ezilungileyo
Unyanzeliso kunye nentsebenziswano yonyanzeliso
Ulawulo / izigunyaziso / ulungelelwaniso lwemithetho

Izinto eziye zanyuka zaya phezulu
Ii-arhente ezimeleyo zasePhilippines zikholelwa ukuba isizwe sabo sinerekhodi lokukhokela kwi-MPAs kunye neeNethiwekhi zeNdawo eziKhuselweyo zaseLwandle; uthethathethwano noluntu, kubandakanywa noorhulumente basekhaya, iiNGO, nabantu bomthonyama; ukufuna nokwabelana ngolwazi lwemveli; iinkqubo zenzululwazi zaselwandle ezisebenzisanayo; ukuqinisekiswa kwemigaqo efanelekileyo; kunye nokujongana nemithombo yenkunkuma yaselwandle.

Ezona ngcebiso zinamandla zamanyathelo ommandla abandakanya izinto ezintathu eziphambili ze-GDP eziphawulwe ngasentla (ezokuloba, i-aquaculture kunye nokhenketho). Okokuqala, abathathi-nxaxheba bafuna ukubona ushishino lokuloba olomeleleyo, olulawulwa kakuhle ukuze lusetyenziswe ekuhlaleni, kunye neemarike zokurhweba ngaphandle. Okwesibini, babona imfuno ye-aquaculture ehlakaniphile ebekwe kakuhle kwaye eyilwe kakuhle ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ye-ASEAN. Okwesithathu, sixoxe ngesidingo sokhenketho lokwenyani lwe-eco-tourism kunye neziseko zokhenketho ezizinzileyo ezigxininisa ukugcinwa kwelifa lenkcubeko, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nentatho-nxaxheba yecandelo likarhulumente necandelo labucala, utyalo-mali kwakhona kummandla, kunye nokusebenza, kunye nolunye uhlobo lokwahlula "okukodwa" okuthetha ngaphezulu. ingeniso.

Ezinye iimbono ezabonwa zifanele ukuphononongwa ziquka iblue carbon (imango, ingca yolwandle, i-carbon sequestration offsets njl.); amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla (ukuzimela ngakumbi, kunye nokunceda uluntu olukude ukuba luphumelele); kunye nokukhangela iindlela zokuqaphela iinkampani ezinemveliso ekhutheleyo ELUNGILEYO elwandle.

Kukho imiqobo emikhulu ekuphumezeni ezi ngcamango. Ukuchitha iiyure ezimbini ezinesiqingatha emotweni sihamba malunga neekhilomitha ezimbini ezinesiqingatha kwasinika ixesha elininzi lokuthetha ekupheleni kocwangciso lokugqibela. Savumelana ukuba kwakukho ithemba lokwenene nomnqweno wokwenza okulungileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwandle olusempilweni luya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ikamva elinempilo kwiintlanga zase-ASEAN. Kwaye, ulawulo lolwandle oluyilwe kakuhle lunokubanceda ukuba bafike apho.

Header Photo: Rebecca Weeks/Marine Photobank