ILifa leNkcubeko elingaphantsi kwamanzi leMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Nyaka ngamnye ngeli xesha, sizinika ixesha lokukhumbula uhlaselo lweZibuko lasePearl olwawothusa iUnited States ukuya kutsho kwiholo yePasifiki kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kwinyanga ephelileyo, ndiye ndanethuba lokuba nenxaxheba kwindibano yabo basesabandakanyeka ngokunzulu emva kweemfazwe ezidluleyo, ingakumbi iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. IKomiti yamaGqwetha yoLondolozo lweLifa leMveli yeNkcubeko yabamba inkomfa yayo yonyaka eWashington, DC Kulo nyaka inkomfa yaphawula iminyaka engama-70 yamaDabi oLwandle lweCoral, iMidway, kunye neGuadalcanal kwaye yayinelungelo. Ukusuka kwiNgqesho ukuya ekuLondolozweni: Ibali elingachazwanga leLifa leNkcubeko, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kunye nePasifiki.

Usuku lokuqala lwenkomfa lugxininise kumzamo wokudibanisa kwakhona ubugcisa kunye nezixhobo kunye nabanini bazo bokuqala emva kokuba zithathwe ngexesha lemfazwe. Lo mzamo ngokulusizi uyasilela ukubonisa umzamo wokusombulula ubusela obuthelekisekayo kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga yaseYurophu. Ukusasazeka okukhulu kwendawo yethiyetha yePasifiki, ubuhlanga, iirekhodi zobunini obunyiniweyo, kunye nomnqweno wokwenza ubuhlobo neJapan njengehlakani ngokuchasene nokukhula kobukomanisi e-Asiya, zonke zibonise imingeni ethile. Ngelishwa, yayikubandakanyeka kwabaqokeleli bezobugcisa base-Asia kunye nabagcini bokubuyisela kunye nokubuyisela abangazange bakhuthale kunokuba babefanele ngenxa yokungqubana komdla. Kodwa seva ngemisebenzi emangalisayo yabantu abanjengoArdelia Hall abanikezele ngetalente enkulu kunye namandla njengomzamo wokubuyisela umfazi omnye kwindima yakhe njengoMcebisi weZikhumbuzo, ubuGcisa obuGcisa, kunye noLondolozo lweeNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo kwiSebe likaRhulumente ngexesha kunye neminyaka emva kweWW II. .

Usuku lwesibini lunikezelwe kumzamo wokuchonga, ukukhusela, kunye nokufunda iinqwelomoya eziphantsi, iinqanawa, kunye namanye amafa omkhosi kwi-situ ukuqonda ngcono imbali yabo. Kwaye, ukuxoxa ngomngeni we-oyile enokubakho, iimbumbulu kunye nokunye ukuvuza kwiinqanawa ezitshoneyo, iinqwelomoya, kunye nezinye iinqwelo-moya njengoko zibola kwindawo ngaphantsi kwamanzi (iphaneli apho igalelo lethu kwinkomfa).

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwiPasifiki inokubizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yolwandle. Amadabi aqhubeka kwiziqithi kunye nee-atolls, kulwandle oluvulekileyo kunye neelwandle kunye neelwandle. I-Fremantle Harbour (iNtshona ye-Australia) yabamba isiseko esikhulu senqanawa yasePasifiki yoMkhosi waManzi wase-US kuninzi lwemfazwe. Isiqithi ngesiqithi saba yinqaba yomkhosi omnye okanye omnye. Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni luphulukene nenxalenye engenakulinganiswa yelifa lenkcubeko kunye neziseko zoncedo. Njengoba

zonke iimfazwe, izixeko needolophu needolophana zaye zatshintshwa kakhulu ngenxa yeembumbulu, umlilo neziqhushumbisi. Ngokukwanjalo yayiziindawo ezinde zeingqaqa zekorale, iiatolls, nobunye ubuncwane bendalo njengoko iinqanawa zazimiswa, iinqwelo-moya zintlitheka, neziqhushumbisi zawa emanzini nasekupheleni kolwandle. Iinqanawa zorhwebo zaseJapan ezingaphezu kwama-7,000 XNUMX zizodwa zazitshone ebudeni bemfazwe.

Amashumi amawaka eenqanawa eziwisiweyo kunye neenqwelomoya ziphantsi kwamanzi nakwimimandla ekwanti kuyo yonke iPasifiki. Izaphuli-mthetho ezininzi zifanekisela amangcwaba abo babekhwele xa isiphelo safika. Kukholelwa ukuba bambalwa ngokwentelekiso abachanekanga, kwaye ke, bambalwa ngokwentelekiso bamele ingozi yokusingqongileyo okanye ithuba lokusombulula nayiphi na imfihlakalo ekhoyo malunga nekamva lomsebnzi. Kodwa loo nkolelo inokuthintelwa kukunqongophala kwedatha-asazi nje ukuba ziphi na zonke iingozi, nokuba siyazi ngokubanzi apho ukutshona okanye ukubeka umhlaba kwenzeka khona.

Ezinye izithethi kule ngqungquthela zaxubusha imingeni ngokungqalileyo. Omnye umceli mngeni bubunini benqanawa ngokuchasene namalungelo ommandla apho inqanawa yazika khona. Ngokukhulayo, umthetho wesithethe wamazwe ngamazwe ucebisa ukuba nasiphi na inqanawa ephethwe ngurhulumente yipropati yaloo rhulumente (bona, umzekelo, i-US Sunken Military Craft Act of 2005)—kungakhathaliseki apho izika khona, ziwe phantsi, okanye irhuqe elwandle. Kukwanjalo naso nasiphi na inqanawa ephantsi kwengqesho kurhulumente ngexesha lomsitho. Kwangaxeshanye, ezinye zezi ntlekele ziye zahlala kumanzi asekuhlaleni isithuba esingaphezu kwamashumi amathandathu eminyaka, kwaye zisenokuba ngumthombo omncinci wengeniso yasekhaya njengento enomtsalane wokuntywila.

Inqanawa nganye eyehliweyo okanye inqwelo-moya imele iqhekeza lembali yelizwe kunye nelifa lemveli. Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okubaluleka kunye nokubaluleka kwembali kunikezelwe kwiinqanawa ezahlukeneyo. Inkonzo kaMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy ekhwele i-PT 109 inokubonelela ngokubaluleka okukhulu kunezinye izibini ezingamakhulu e-PT ezazisetyenziswa kwi-Pacific Theatre.

Ngoko ke oku kuthetha ntoni kulwandlekazi namhlanje? Ndimodareyitha iphaneli ejonge ngokukodwa ekujonganeni nengozi yokusingqongileyo kwiinqanawa kunye nezinye iinqanawa ezizikileyo ezivela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Amaqela amathathu ephaneli yayinguLaura Gongaware (weSikole soMthetho seYunivesithi yaseTulane) owabeka umxholo kunye nesishwankathelo semibuzo yezomthetho enokuthi ivele phantsi komthetho wase-US kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ekujonganeni neenkxalabo ezivezwe ngumkhumbi otshoniweyo onokuba sisoyikiso kwimekobume yaselwandle esekwe. kwiphepha lakutshanje uye wabhalela u-Ole Varmer (iGqwetha-uMcebisi we-Ofisi yeCandelo laMazwe ngaMazwe ye-General Counsel). Walandelwa nguLisa Symons (iOfisi yeeNdawo zoBugcisa zaseLwandle zeSizwe, i-NOAA) ontetho yakhe igxile kwindlela eyaphuhliswa yi-NOAA ukuze icuthe uluhlu lweendawo ezingama-20,000 ezinokuthi zenzeke kumanzi ommandla wase-US ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-110 ekufuneka ihlolwe ngononophelo ngakumbi. kumonakalo okhoyo okanye onokwenzeka. Kwaye, uCraig A. Bennett (uMlawuli, iZiko leeNgxowa-mali zoNgcoliseko lweSizwe) uvale ngesishwankathelo sendlela kwaye nini i-oyile ye-oyile yetyala letyala kunye noMthetho wokuNgcoliseka kwe-Oyile ka-1990 ingasetyenziselwa ukujongana neenkxalabo zeenqanawa ezitshoneyo njengengozi yokusingqongileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, ngelixa sisazi ukuba ingxaki yokusingqongileyo enokubakho sisibaso seenqwelomoya, imithwalo eyingozi, iimbumbulu, izixhobo eziqulethe imathiriyeli eyingozi, njl.njl. zisengaphakathi okanye zingaphakathi kwinqanawa yasemkhosini eye yatshona (kubandakanywa neenqanawa zabarhwebi), asazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngubani onokuba noxanduva. ukuthintela ukwenzakala kwimpilo yokusingqongileyo, kunye/okanye ngubani onoxanduva xa kuthe kwenzeka loo monakalo. Kwaye, kufuneka silungelelanise ixabiso lembali kunye / okanye lenkcubeko yokuphahlazeka kweWWII ePacific? Ukucoca kunye nothintelo longcoliseko lulihlonipha njani ilifa lemveli kunye nenqanaba lengcwaba lasemkhosini lobuchule bomkhosi obutshonelweyo? Thina kwi-Ocean Foundation siyaluxabisa olu hlobo lwethuba lokufundisa nokusebenzisana ekuphenduleni le mibuzo nasekuyileni isakhelo sokusombulula iingxabano ezinokubakho.