IVaquita

Ndiye ndoyika le mini ixesha elide, "izifundo ezifundiweyo" i-postmortem panel: "Ulondolozo, impikiswano kunye nesibindi kwi-Upper Gulf yaseCalifornia: ukulwa ne-vaquita vortex"

Intliziyo yam yayibuhlungu njengoko ndimamele abahlobo bam kunye nabantu endandisebenza nabo ixesha elide, uLorenzo Rojas-Bracho¹ kunye noFrances Gulland², amazwi abo agqabhuka kwiqonga leqonga echaza izifundo ezifunyenweyo ekusileleni kwemigudu yokusindisa iVaquita. Bona, njengenxalenye yeqela lamazwe ngamazwe lokubuyisela³, kunye nabanye abaninzi baye bazama ngamandla ukusindisa le pombi incinane yahlukileyo ifumaneka kuphela kumantla eNyoba yaseKhalifoniya.

Kwintetho kaLorenzo, wakhankanya okulungileyo, okubi kunye nokubi kwibali leVaquita. Olu luntu, izazi ngebhayoloji ezincancisayo zaselwandle kunye neengcali zendalo ziye zenza inzululwazi egqwesileyo, kuquka nokuphuhlisa iindlela zohlaziyo zokusebenzisa iacoustics ukubala ezi porpoises zisengozini kwaye zichaze uluhlu lwazo. Kwasekuqaleni, bafumanisa ukuba iiVaquita zazisele ziwohlokile ngenxa yokuba zazirhaxwa ngoxa zazibanjiswe ngeminatha yokuloba. Ngaloo ndlela, inzululwazi yafumanisa ukuba isicombululo esasibonakala silula yayikukuphelisa ukuloba ngeso sixhobo kwindawo yokuhlala yaseVaquita—isicombululo esacetywa xa iVaquita yayisengaphezu kwama-500.

Okubi kukungaphumeleli kukarhulumente waseMexico ukukhusela ngokwenene iVaquita kunye nengcwele yayo. Ukungafuni ukuthatha amanyathelo okusindisa iVaquita ngabasemagunyeni bokuloba (kunye norhulumente kazwelonke) kwakuthetha ukusilela ekunciphiseni ukubanjiswa ngengozi kunye nokusilela ukugcina abalobi beeshrimps ngaphandle kwendawo engcwele yeVaquita, kunye nokusilela ukuyeka ukuloba ngokungekho mthethweni kweTotoaba esengozini, ezi bladders ezidadayo zithengiswa kwimarike emnyama. Ukunqongophala kwentando yezopolitiko yinxalenye ephambili yeli bali, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ngumdlali oyintloko.

Umbi, libali lorhwaphilizo nokubawa. Asinakukwazi ukuyihoya indima yamva nje yeenkampani ezithengisa iziyobisi ekurhwebiseni iibladders ezidadayo zentlanzi yaseTotoaba, ukuhlawula abalobi ukuba baphule umthetho, kunye nokugrogrisa iiarhente zokunyanzeliswa ukuya kuthi ga kuMkhosi waManzi waseMexico. Olu rhwaphilizo lwanwenwela nakumagosa karhulumente nakubalobi ngabanye. Liyinyaniso elokuba ukurhweba ngezilwanyana zasendle yinto yophuhliso lwamva nje, kwaye ke, akuniki sizathu sokunqongophala kwentando yezopolitiko yokulawula indawo ekhuselweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibonelela ngokhuseleko.

Ukuphela okuzayo kweVaquita akubhekiseli kwi-ecology kunye nebhayoloji, malunga nokubi kunye nokubi. Imalunga nentlupheko nobuqhophololo. Inzululwazi ayanelanga ukunyanzelisa ukusetyenziswa koko sikwaziyo ekusindiseni uhlobo oluthile.

Kwaye sijonge uluhlu olulusizi lweentlobo ezilandelayo ezisengozini yokuphela. Kwesinye isilayidi, u-Lorenzo ubonise imephu egqithise intlupheko yehlabathi kunye namanqaku orhwaphilizo kunye neecetaceans ezincinci ezisengozini. Ukuba sinalo naliphi na ithemba lokusindisa ezi zilwanyana zilandelayo, kwaye okulandelayo, kufuneka sijonge indlela yokujongana nobuhlwempu kunye nobuqhophololo.

Ngo-2017, ifoto yathathwa ngumongameli waseMexico (amandla akhe abanzi), uCarlos Slim, omnye wamadoda azizityebi emhlabeni, kunye nenkwenkwezi yeofisi yebhokisi kunye nomgcini wendalo ozinikeleyo uLeonardo DiCaprio njengoko bezibophelele ekuncedeni ukusindisa iVaquita, leyo. ngelo xesha lalibalwe malunga nezilwanyana ezingama-30, phantsi ukusuka kwi-250 ngo-2010. Akuzange kwenzeke, abazange bakwazi ukudibanisa imali, ukufikelela konxibelelwano, kunye nentando yezopolitiko ukunqoba okubi kunye nokubi.

Njengoko sisazi kakuhle, ukuthengiswa kwezilwanyana ezinqabileyo nezisengozini zihlala zisikhokelela e-China kwaye i-Totoaba ekhuselweyo yehlabathi ayifani. Abasemagunyeni base-US babambe amakhulu eeponti ze-swim bladders ezixabisa amashumi ezigidi zeedola zaseMelika njengoko zazithutyeleziswa ukuwela umda ukuze zihanjiswe ukunqumla iPasifiki. Ekuqaleni, urhulumente waseTshayina akazange asebenzisane ekujonganeni nomba weVaquita kunye neTotoaba we-float bladder kuba omnye wabemi bayo wayevinjwe ithuba lokwakha indawo yokuchithela iiholide kwenye indawo ekhuselweyo emazantsi eGulf of California. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente waseTshayina uye wabamba kwaye wabatshutshisa abemi bakhona abayinxalenye ye-mafia engekho mthethweni yeTotoaba. Ngokudabukisayo, iMexico ayizange igwebe nabani na.

Ngoko, ngubani oza kujongana nobubi kunye nobubi? Ubuchule bam, nesizathu sokuba ndimenywe kule ntlanganiso⁴ kukuthetha ngozinzo lokuxhasa ngezimali iindawo ezikhuselweyo zaselwandle (MPAs), kuquka nezo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle (MMPAs). Siyazi ukuba imimandla ekhuselweyo elawulwa kakuhle emhlabeni okanye elwandle ixhasa umsebenzi wezoqoqosho kunye nokukhusela iintlobo. Inxalenye yenkxalabo yethu kukuba akukho nkxaso-mali yaneleyo kwinzululwazi nolawulo, kungoko kunzima ukucinga indlela yokuxhasa ngemali ukujongana nezinto ezimbi nezimbi.

Ibiza malini? Uxhasa bani ngenkxaso-mali ukuze udale ulawulo olululo, intando yezopolitiko, nokuphelisa urhwaphilizo? Sivelisa njani ukuthanda ukunyanzelisa imithetho emininzi ekhoyo ukwenzela ukuba iindleko zezenzo ezingekho mthethweni zikhulu kunengeniso yazo kwaye ngaloo ndlela zivelise inkuthazo engakumbi yokulandela imisebenzi yezoqoqosho esemthethweni?

Kukho ukugqwesa ukwenza njalo kwaye kuya kufuneka ngokucacileyo ukuba siyidibanise neeMPA kunye nee-MMPAs. Ukuba sizimisele umngeni wokurhweba kwiindawo zezilwanyana zasendle kunye nezilwanyana, njengenxalenye yokulwa nokuthengiswa kwabantu, iziyobisi kunye nemipu, kufuneka senze unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo kwindima ye-MPA njengesixhobo esinye sokuphazamisa ukuthengiswa okunjalo. Kuya kufuneka siphakamise ukubaluleka kokuyila kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ii-MPA ziyasebenza njengesixhobo sokuthintela ukurhweba ngabantu ngokungekho mthethweni ukuba baza kunikwa inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze badlale indima ephazamisayo.

Kwintetho yakhe, uGqr. Frances Gulland wachaza ngocoselelo ukhetho olubuhlungu lokuzama ukubamba ezinye iiVaquitas zize zigcinwe ekuthinjweni, nto leyo esisicekiso phantse kuye wonke umntu osebenza kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo zezilwanyana zaselwandle ezikhuselweyo kunye nxamnye nokuthinjwa kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo zaselwandle ukuze ziboniswe (kuquka naye) .

Ithole lokuqala eliselula laxhalaba kakhulu laza lakhululwa. Ithole alizange libonwe ukususela ngoko, kwaye alizange lixelelwe ukuba lifile. Isilwanyana sesibini, imazi ekhulileyo, nayo yaqala ukubonakalisa iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokuxhalaba kwaye yakhululwa. Ngoko nangoko wajika i-180 ° waza waqubha wabuyela ezingalweni zabo bamkhululayo waza wafa. I-necropsy ibonise ukuba ibhinqa eliqikelelwa kwi-20 leminyaka ubudala liye lahlaselwa yintliziyo. Oku kuphelise umzamo wokugqibela wokusindisa iVaquita. Yaye ngaloo ndlela, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakhe babamba enye yezi porpoise ngoxa babesaphila.

IVaquita ayikapheli, akukho ngxelo isesikweni iya kuza kangangexesha elithile. Noko ke, into esiyaziyo kukuba iVaquita isenokutshabalala. Abantu baye banceda iintlobo ukuba zibuyiselwe kumanani amancinci kakhulu, kodwa ezo ntlobo (ezifana neCalifornia Condor) zakwazi ukukhuliswa ekuthinjweni kwaye zikhululwe (jonga ibhokisi). Ukuphela kweTotoaba nakho kunokwenzeka-le ntlanzi ikhethekileyo yayisele isongelwa ngokulotywa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ahlambulukileyo aphuma kuMlambo waseColorado ngenxa yokuphambuka kwimisebenzi yabantu.

Ndiyazi ukuba abahlobo bam kunye noogxa bam abathabathe lo msebenzi abazange banikezele. Ngamagorha. Uninzi lwawo luye lwasongelwa zii<em>narcos, yaye abalobi balo lonakaliswa zizo. Ukuncama kwakungeyondlela yokukhetha kubo, kwaye akufanelekanga ukuba sikhethe kuye nabani na kuthi. Siyazi ukuba iVaquita kunye neTotoaba, nazo zonke ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zixhomekeke ebantwini ukuze zihlangabezane nezisongelo kubomi bazo obudalwe ngabantu. Kufuneka sizame ukuvelisa intando edibeneyo yokuguqulela esikwaziyo ekukhuselweni nasekubuyiselweni kwezilwanyana; ukuba sinokulwamkela ihlabathi lonke uxanduva lwemiphumo yokubawa komntu; nokuba sonke sinokuthatha inxaxheba kwiinzame zokukhuthaza okulungileyo, nokohlwaya ababi nababi.

¹ Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico
² Iziko leMammal yaseLwandle, eU.SA
³ I-CIRVA—I-Comité Internacional para la Recuperación de la Vaquita
⁴ INkongolo ye-5 yeZizwe ngezizwe kwiiNdawo eziKhuselweyo zeZilwanyana zaseLwandle, eCosta Navarino, eGrisi