I-TOF iququzelele uQeqesho lwe-Acidification yoLwandle lweNdlu yeeNgwevu zaseMexico

Yintoni i-Ocean Acidification (OA)?
I-OA ichazwa njengokuhla okuqhubekayo kumanqanaba e-pH kulwandlekazi loMhlaba, okubangelwa kukufunxwa kwekharbon diokside esuka kwiatmosfera. Iziphumo ze-OA zinefuthe elibi kwikhonkco lokutya kwaselwandle, zithumela iziphumo eziphazamisayo kwindawo yentengiso yehlabathi, ukongeza kwisoyikiso esibeka kwi-ecosystem ebuthathaka apho ubomi bomntu buxhomekeke kubo.

Ukusuka kumbindi ukuya kutsho kumanzi anzongonzongo olwandlekazi lwethu olukhulu, kuyenzeka ingxaki. Njengoko i-CO2 inyibilika elwandle, iguqula ubume bayo - ulwandle luneasidi ngama-30% ngaphezulu kunokuba lwalunjalo kwiminyaka engama-200 eyadlulayo, kwaye luba neasidi ngokukhawuleza kunanini na kwimbali yoMhlaba. I-OA isenokungabonakali kodwa ngelishwa iimpembelelo zayo azibonakali. Ukususela kwi-shellfish kunye ne-coral, ukuya kwiintlanzi kunye nookrebe, izilwanyana zaselwandle kunye noluntu oluxhomekeke kuzo, zisengozini. Xa ikharbon diokside (CO2) ixubana nemolekyuli yamanzi (H2O) yenza i-carbonic acid (I-H2CO3) ethi emva koko iqhekeke ngokulula ibe yi-hydrogen ion (H+) kunye nebicarbonate (HCO3-), ezo zikhoyo ii-ion ze-hydrogen zidibana nezinye ii-ion ze-carbonate ukwenza i-bicarbonate eninzi. Isiphumo kukuba izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle ezineegobolondo, ezifana ne-mollusks, i-crustaceans, i-corals, kunye ne-coralline algae, kufuneka zichithe amandla amaninzi nangakumbi ukubuyisela okanye ukudala i-carbonate ion eziyimfuneko ukwenza i-calcium carbonate.I-CaCO3) equka amaqokobhe awo. Ngamanye amazwi, I-OA ihlutha ezi ntsholongwane izithintelo zazo zokwakha eziyimfuneko ukuze zikhule kwaye ziphile, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni inkqubo yethu yendalo iphela.

TOF kudala besilwa ne-OA ukusukela ngo-2003, besebenzisa indlela enamacala amane ejongana nomba macala onke:

1.) Ukubeka iliso: Njani, phi, kwaye utshintsho lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani?
2.) Hlalutya: Sichaphazeleka njani ngoku, ibe siya kuchaphazeleka njani kwixesha elizayo?
3.) Ukuzibandakanya: Ukwakha intsebenziswano kunye nemanyano nabachaphazelekayo kwihlabathi jikelele
4.) Umthetho: Ukuwisa umthetho othomalalisa ubumuncu wolwandle kwaye uncede uluntu ukuba luziqhelanise

Malunga nalo IKomishini yokusiNgqongileyo, iMithombo yeNdalo kunye noTshintsho lweMozulu: IKhomishini yeSebe loWiso-mthetho laseMexico
Injongo yeKomishoni echazwe kukukhusela ubutyebi bendalo kunye ne-ecosystem yaseMexico "ngokujongana nezikhewu, ukuphikisana kunye nokusilela okukhoyo kumthetho wesizwe kumahlathi, amanzi, inkunkuma, utshintsho lwemozulu, i-biodiversity, uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwedolophu kunye nobulungisa bendalo, phakathi kwabanye, ukufuna ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwisicelo sabo kunye nokusekwa kweemfuneko zomthetho ezisisiseko zoyilo lweyona migaqo-nkqubo ibalaseleyo yoluntu kwimiba yokusingqongileyo yaseMexico.”

Ngelinge lokuthobela iinjongo zesizwe kwakunye neenjongo zamazwe ngamazwe, ezifana neSivumelwano saseParis, iKomishoni igxile kwezi zinto ziphambili ngokubaluleka kwemithetho emine:

• Ukukhuthaza izenzo zoluntu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo
• Khusela inkunzi yendalo kunye nomgangatho wobomi baseMexico
• Ukunciphisa iziphumo ezibi zokutshintsha kwemozulu
• Ukuba negalelo kulungelelwaniso phakathi kophuhliso nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kobutyebi bendalo

malunga I-SEMRNAT: Unobhala weSebe eliLawulayo laseMexico 
UNobhala wezeNdalo kunye neMithombo yeNdalo (I-SEMRNAT) yinkonzo yezendalo yaseMexico kwaye inikwe uxanduva lokukhusela, ukubuyisela kunye nolondolozo lwendalo, imithombo yendalo, iinkonzo zokusingqongileyo kunye nempahla yaseMexico.  I-SEMRNAT isebenza ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo nokukhusela iindawo zokuhlala zendalo kwilizwe liphela. Amanyathelo akhoyo ngoku aquka umthetho wokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokukhusela umaleko we-ozone, izifundo ezithe ngqo kwiinkqubo zemozulu zelizwe kunye ne-geo-hydrological, ukulawulwa kunye nokubeka iliso kwimisinga, amachibi, amachibi kunye neendawo ezikhuselweyo zamanzi, kwaye kutsha nje, iinzame zokuqonda kunye nokujongana nemisinga. iziphumo ezibuhlungu ze-OA.

Malunga naBabonisi: 

Dr. José UMartin Hernández-Ayón
Umbhali weOceanologist. Isikolo seSayensi zaseLwandle kwiYunivesithi yeAutonomous yaseBaja California  
I-Oceanographer enezifundo zobugqirha kwi-Coastal Oceanography kwiSikolo seSayensi yaseLwandle ye-Autonomous University yase-Baja California kunye nogxa wasemva kobugqirha kwi-Scripps Institution of Oceanography eSan Diego, eCalifornia. UGqr Hernandez yiNgcali kwiNkqubo yeCarbon Dioxide kumanzi olwandle kunye ne-marine biogeochemistry. Uphando lwakhe lugxininise ekufundeni indima yemimandla yonxweme kumjikelo wekhabhoni, kubandakanywa nefuthe le-acidification yolwandle (OA) kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle kunye nobudlelwane be-OA kunye nezinye izinto ezixinzelelekileyo ezifana ne-hypoxia, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuhamba kwe-CO2 kwimimandla yonxweme. . Iyinxalenye yekomiti yenzululwazi ye IMECOCAL Inkqubo (uPhando lwaseMexico lwangoku lwaseCalifornia), uyilungu le-Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON), ummeli we-Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) eMexico, usebenza njengoMcebisi wezeNzululwazi kwiNkqubo yeCarbon yaseMexico (PMC), kwaye unguSihlalo we-Latin American Ocean Acidification Studies Network (LAOCA)

María Alejandra Navarrete UHernandez
Umcebisi wezoMthetho waMazwe ngaMazwe, eMexico, i-Ocean Foundation
U-Alejandra usebenze kwinkundla yomthetho welizwe kunye nehlabathi jikelele ukususela ngo-1992. Unamava ekusebenzeni kunye nabaPhathiswa kunye neofisi kaMongameli waseMexico, kubandakanywa ekudaleni nasekumiseni iikomishoni ezininzi zomongameli kazwelonke ezifana "IKomishini yoTshintsho lweMozulu kunye neeLwandle kunye noNxweme." Wayesandula kakhulu, uMququzeleli weProjekthi yeSizwe kwiGulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem, a GEF Iprojekthi “Ukuphunyezwa kweNkqubo yokuSebenza ngoBuchule I-GOM I-LME,” phakathi kweMexico ne-US. Ungene kule ndima yokukhokela emva kokusebenza njengengcaphephe yomgaqo-nkqubo wezomthetho kunye noluntu "kuvavanyo oluDityanisiweyo kunye nolawulo lweGulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem." Ngo-2012, wayengumcebisi we UNEP ukwenzela i UNDAF ukuphonononga kwaza kwabhalwa njenge-coauthor "IsiShwankathelo seNdalo seSizwe sowama-2008-2012 saseMexico."

UMark J. Spalding
Umongameli, i-Ocean Foundation
UMarko ulilungu leBhodi ye-Ocean Studies yeZiko leSizwe leSayensi, ubuNjineli, kunye neMedicine (US). Usebenza kwiKomishoni yoLwandle lwaseSargasso. UMarko nguMntu oMkhulu kwiZiko loQoqosho oluBlue kwiZiko laseMiddlebury leZifundo zaMazwe ngaMazwe. Ukongeza, usebenza njengomcebisi kwiSicwangciso soLwandle lwaseRockefeller (ingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali engazange ibonwe ngaphambili) kwaye ulilungu le-Pool leNgcali kuVavanyo lweHlabathi loLwandle lwe-UN. UMarko uyingcali kumgaqo-nkqubo wendalo kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, umgaqo-nkqubo wolwandle kunye nomthetho, kunye ne-philanthropy yonxweme kunye nolwandle. Wayila inkqubo yokuqala yeblue carbon offset, Ingca yolwandle Khulisa. Iiprojekthi zakhe zangoku zophando ziquka ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo zaselwandle kunye nokugcinwa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala, ukuxhasa ngemali ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nezicwangciso zokwandisa uqoqosho oluluhlaza ngokunyusa inkuthazo, kunye nokususa imiqobo, ukugcinwa kwezilwanyana zasemanzini, ukuncitshiswa kongcoliseko lwengxolo yolwandle, ukuzinza kokhenketho, kunye Ukunciphisa, kunye nokuziqhelanisa, ne-asidi yolwandle kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kokuphazamiseka kwemozulu kunye nolwandle.

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe nceda uqhagamshelane ne-Ocean Foundation:
jason UDonofrio
IGosa lezoBudlelwane baNgaphandle
[imeyile ikhuselwe]
202.318.3178