Ingaba iiDrones zinento yokwenza noFudo lwaseLwandle?

NguCarla García Zendejas

Ngomhla we-15 kuSeptemba ngelixa uninzi lwabantu baseMexico baqala ukubhiyozela uSuku lweNkululeko yethu abanye baye bathabatheka sesinye isiganeko esikhulu; ixesha lokuloba laqala kuNxweme lwePasifiki lwaseMexico. Abalobi baseMazatlan kunye neTobolobampo eSinaloa baye baqalisa ukwenza eyona sizini yalo nyaka. Njengesiqhelo, imisebenzi yokuloba iza kujongwa ngamagosa karhulumente, kodwa kwesi isihlandlo baza kusebenzisa iinqwelo-moya eziziinqwelo-moya ukujonga izenzo zokuloba ngokungekho mthethweni.

I-Secretariat yaseMexico yezoLimo, imfuyo, uPhuhliso lwasemaPhandleni, ukuLoba kunye noKutya (i-SAGARPA ngesifinyezo sayo) isebenzisa i-helicopter, inqwelomoya encinci kwaye ngoku isebenzisa isithuthi esingenamoya esingenamntu i-drone ukubhabha phezu kweenqanawa zokuloba ngomzamo wokuthintela ukubanjiswa ngengozi. zamafudo olwandle.

Ukusukela ngo-1993 izikhephe ze-Srimp zaseMexico ziye zafunwa ukuba zifakele i-Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) kwiminatha yazo eziyilelwe ukunciphisa kwaye ngethemba lokuphelisa ukufa kofudo lwaselwandle. Kuphela ezo zikhephe ze-shrimp ezine-TED ezifakwe ngokufanelekileyo zinokufumana isatifikethi esiyimfuneko sokuhamba ngenqanawa. Ulawulo lwaseMexico olukhusela ngokukodwa ufudo lwaselwandle ngokusetyenziswa kwee-TEDs ukunqanda ukubanjwa ngokungenamkhethe kwezi ntlobo zezityalo uye wandiswa ngokusetyenziswa kocupho lwesathelayithi iminyaka eliqela.

Ngelixa amakhulu abalobi befumene uqeqesho lobuchwephesha lokwenza ufakelo olufanelekileyo kwiminatha yabo nakwiinqanawa, abanye abakaqinisekiswa. Abo balobayo ngaphandle kwezatifiketi baloba ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nonobangela wenkxalabo enkulu.

Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-shrimp kubonisa ishishini lezigidi ezininzi zeedola eMexico. Kunyaka ophelileyo iitoni ezingama-28,117 zeshrimps zathunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nengeniso erekhodiweyo engaphezulu kwe-268 yezigidi zeedola. Imboni ye-shrimp ibeka i-1 kwingeniso epheleleyo kunye ne-3 kwimveliso emva kwesardadi kunye ne-tuna.

Ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kweedrones ukufota kunye nokubeka iliso kwizikhephe ezirhubuluzayo kunxweme lwaseSinaloa kubonakala ngathi yindlela esebenzayo yonyanzeliso, kubonakala ngathi i-SAGARPA ingafuna iidrones ezingaphezulu kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuba bajonge ngokufanelekileyo iGulf yaseCalifornia kunye noNxweme lwasePacific lwaseMexico.

Njengoko urhulumente egxile ekuphuculeni ukunyanzeliswa kwemigaqo yokuloba eMexico abalobi bathandabuza inkxaso epheleleyo kushishino lokuloba. Kangangeminyaka abalobi baye bagxininisa ukuba iindleko zokuloba elwandle olunzulu eMexico ziya zisiba nganeno nangakumbi phakathi kokunyuka kwamaxabiso edizili kunye nexabiso lilonke lokubeka iiseyile. Amaziko okuloba adibene ukuze aphembelele umongameli ngqo ngale meko. Xa ixabiso leseyile yokuqala yexesha lonyaka limalunga nama-89,000 eedola zeedola imfuno yokukhusela ukubambisa okuninzi kubanzima kakhulu kubalobi.

Iimeko zemozulu ezifanelekileyo, amanzi amaninzi kunye nezibaso ezaneleyo zibalulekile ekulotyweni kokuqala kwexesha lonyaka nto leyo kwiimeko ezininzi ibe kuphela kohambo oluya kwenziwa zizikhephe zokuloba. Imveliso yeentlanzi imele ishishini lesizwe elibalulekileyo kodwa abalobi basekuhlaleni bajongene noxinzelelo olucacileyo lwezoqoqosho ukuze baphile. Inyaniso yokuba kufuneka kwakhona bathobele izikhokelo ezithile ukuthintela ukubanjwa kofudo lwaselwandle olusemngciphekweni ngamanye amaxesha luwela ecaleni kwendlela. Ngesakhono esilinganiselweyo sokubeka iliso kunye nabasebenzi imigaqo-nkqubo yonyanzeliso ephuculiweyo ye-SAGARPA kunye nobuchwepheshe busenokungonelanga.

Inkuthazo yolu hlobo lokujongwa kobuchwephesha obuphezulu mhlawumbi yenzeka xa i-US yayeka ukungeniswa kweshrimp yasendle eMexico ngoMatshi ka-2010 ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwezixhobo zokukhuphela ufudo. Nangona yayilinani elilinganiselweyo labalobi bee shrimp ababecatshulwe ngokubambisa ufudo lwaselwandle bengaqondanga oko kwabangela isibetho esikhulu kwishishini. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo abaninzi baye bakhumbula ukuvalwa umlomo ngo-1990 okwanyanzeliswa ityhuna yaseMexico ngenxa yezityholo zokubambisa ihlengesi ngenxa yokulotywa kwe-purse seine. Ukuvalwa kwe-tuna kuthathe iminyaka esixhenxe kubangela iziphumo ezibi kwishishini lokuloba laseMexico kunye nokulahleka kwamawaka emisebenzi. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu emva koko amadabi asemthethweni kwizithintelo zorhwebo, iindlela zokuloba kunye nehlengesi-ukubhaliswa ngokukhuselekileyo kuyaqhubeka phakathi kweMexico ne-US Lo mlo wetyhuna usaqhubeka nangona ukubanjiswa kwe dolphin eMexico kwehle kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo kunye neendlela zokuloba eziphuculweyo. .

Ngelixa isithintelo sika-2010 kwi-shrimp yasendle sapheliswa kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva liSebe leLizwe lase-US oko kwaphumela kuphuhliso lwemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yokubanjwa kofudo lwaselwandle ngabasemagunyeni baseMexico, ngokuqinisekileyo akukho mntu wayefuna ukubona imbali iziphinda. Okumangalisayo kukuba i-US National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) iye yarhoxisa ummiselo ofuna ii-TEDs kuzo zonke izikhephe ze-trawl shrimp kuMzantsi-mpuma we-United States ngoNovemba wonyaka ophelileyo. Sisasokola ukufezekisa olo lungelelwaniso lungekhoyo phakathi kwabantu, iplanethi kunye neengeniso. Nangona kunjalo sazi ngakumbi, sizibandakanye ngakumbi kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo siyila ngakumbi ekufumaneni izisombululo kunokuba sasinjalo.

Asinakucombulula iingxaki ngokusebenzisa indlela yokucinga esasiyicinga xa sasibadala. A. Einstein

UCarla García Zendejas ligqwetha elaziwayo lokusingqongileyo elisuka eTijuana, eMexico. Ulwazi lwakhe kunye nombono wakhe uvela kumsebenzi wakhe obanzi wemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nelizwe kwimiba yentlalo, ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kule minyaka ilishumi elinesihlanu idlulileyo uye wafumana impumelelo eninzi kumatyala abandakanya izakhiwo zamandla, ungcoliseko lwamanzi, ubulungisa bendalo esingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso lwemithetho karhulumente esebenza elubala. Uxhobise amatsha ntliziyo ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lokulwa ukonakalisa indalo esingqongileyo kunye nezikhululo zegesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo enokuba yingozi kwi-Peninsula yase-Baja California, e-US naseSpain. UCarla uneeMasters kuMthetho azifumana kwiKholeji yoMthetho yaseWashington kwiYunivesithi yaseMelika. UCarla okwangoku uzinze eWashington, DC apho asebenza khona njengomcebisi kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe yokusingqongileyo.