Ukuzibophelela kwikamva eliNgcono: Kutheni iNkomfa yethu yoLwandle indenza ndiphinde ndiphonononge inkumbulo ecacileyo yobuntwana.

Kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba ndifudukele nabazali bam siye eKhalifoniya ndize ndibone amandla olwandle ngawam amehlo, ndahlala eNew York. Igumbi lam lokulala lobuntwana lalinomtya ozuba kunye neglowubhu enkulu ekoneni yegumbi. Xa umzala wam uJulia wayeze kundityelela, sandlala iibhedi phantsi, yaye ezo bhedi zaba ziinqanawa zaselwandle. Ngokulandelayo, umbhoxo wam waguqulwa waba lulwandlekazi olukhulu, oluzuba, nolwasendle.

Umbhoxo wam wolwandle oluhlaza wawunamandla kwaye womelele, ugcwele iingozi ezifihlakeleyo. Noko ke, ngelo xesha, ayizange ithi qatha kum into yokuba ukuzenza ngathi ulwandle lusemngciphekweni ngenxa yokwanda kwezisongelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, ungcoliseko lweplastiki, nokuncipha kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Dlulisa phambili iminyaka engama-30 kwaye sikwinyani entsha yolwandle. Ulwandle lujongene nezigrogriso zongcoliseko, izenzo zokuloba ezingagcinekiyo, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, okukhokelela ekuncipheni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo njengoko amanqanaba ekharbon diokside enyuka elwandle.

Ngo-Epreli ka-2022, i-7 Inkomfa yethu yoLwandle senzeka kwiRiphabhlikhi yasePalau kwaye kubangele a iphepha lezibophelelo eyashwankathela iziphumo zenkomfa yamazwe ngamazwe.

Imixholo/imixholo emithandathu yenkomfa ibiye:

1. Imo iyatshintsha: Izibophelelo ezingama-89, ezixabisa i-4.9B
2. Ukuloba okuZinzileyo: Izibophelelo ezingama-60, ezixabisa i-668B
3. UQoqosho oluLuhlaza oluZinzileyo: Izibophelelo ezingama-89, ezixabisa i-5.7B
4. Iindawo zaseLwandle eziKhuselweyo: Izibophelelo ezingama-58, ezixabisa i-1.3B
5. Ukhuseleko lwaseLwandle: Izibophelelo ezingama-42, ezixabisa i-358M
6. Ungcoliseko lwaseLwandle: Izibophelelo ezingama-71, ezixabisa i-3.3B

Njengoko iphepha lezibophelelo likhankanya kwiphepha le-10, utshintsho lwemozulu yinxalenye yendalo yawo wonke umxholo, ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba kucazululwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Umntu unokuxoxa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukwahlula ukutshintsha kwemozulu njengomxholo kukodwa kubalulekile ekuqondeni unxibelelwano phakathi kwemozulu nolwandle.

Oorhulumente kwihlabathi jikelele bazibophelele ekulungiseni iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu elwandle. Ngokomzekelo, i-Australia izinikele ekuboneleleni nge-4.7M (USD) kunye ne-21.3M (USD) ekuxhaseni izigaba zesibini ze-Pacific Regional Blue Carbon Initiative kunye neprogram yenkxaso ye-Climate and Oceans, ngokulandelanayo. IManyano yaseYurophu iya kubonelela nge-55.17M (EUR) malunga nokujongwa kwendalo yaselwandle ngenkqubo yayo yokubeka iliso ngesathelayithi kunye nenkonzo yedatha, phakathi kwezinye izibophelelo zemali.

Iqonda ixabiso le-mangrove, i-Indonesia yazibophelela nge-1M (USD) ekubuyiseleni isidima salo mthombo wendalo uxabisekileyo. I-Ireland izinikele kwi-2.2M (EUR) ukuseka inkqubo entsha yophando egxile kugcino lwekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nokuhluthwa, njengenxalenye yenkxaso yayo yezemali. I-United States ibonelela ngesixa esibanzi senkxaso yokujongana neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu elwandle, njenge-11M (USD) yeqela leSayensi eliQikelelayo kunye neMozulu yoLwandle (ECCO), i-107.9M (USD) yeNASA ukwenza isixhobo ukujonga i-ikhosistim yonxweme, i-582M (USD) yokuphucula imodeli yolwandle, uqwalaselo, kunye neenkonzo, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi. 

Ngokukodwa, i-Ocean Foundation (TOF) yenziwe ezintandathu (6) zokuzinikela kwayo, zonke nge-USD, kuquka:

1. ukunyusa i-3M ngeNethiwekhi yeClimate Strong Islands (CSIN) kuluntu lweziqithi zase-US, 
2. ukwenza i-350K ekujongeni iasidi yolwandle kwiGulf of Guinea, 
3. ukwenza i-800K yokubeka iliso kwi-acidification yolwandle kunye nokomelela kwexesha elide kwiziqithi ze-pacific, 
4. ukuphakamisa i-1.5M ukulungisa imiba yokungalingani kwenkqubo kumthamo wesayensi yolwandle, 
5. utyalo-mali lwe-8M kumzamo wokuqina okuluhlaza kwiNgingqi yeCaribbean ebanzi, kunye 
6. ukuphakamisa i-1B ukuxhasa unxibelelwano lweshishini lolwandle noLawulo lweAsethi yaseRockefeller.

Ukongeza, i-TOF iququzelele uphuhliso lwe Isibali sekhabhoni sokuqala ePalau, ngokubambisana nenkomfa.

Ezi zibophelelo zibalulekile njengenyathelo lokuqala lokudibanisa amachaphaza phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nempilo yolwandle. Nangona kunjalo, omnye unokubuza, "yintoni intsingiselo esisiseko yezi zibophelelo?"

Izibophelelo Zomeleza Ingcinga yokuba uTshintsho lweMozulu kunye noLwandle ziDityanisiwe

Iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo zinxibelelene, kwaye ulwandle nalo lunjalo. Xa imozulu ishushu, kukho impembelelo ethe ngqo kulwandle kunye nendlela yokuphendula enokuthi imelwe ngumzobo wekhabhoni ongezantsi. Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba imithi icoca umoya, kodwa basenokungazi ukuba indalo yaselwandle engaselunxwemeni inokusebenza ngokuphindwe kangangama-50 kunamahlathi ekugcineni ikhabhoni. Ngaloo ndlela, ulwandle lungumthombo omangalisayo, ofanele ukukhuselwa, ukunceda ukulungelelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Izibophelelo zixhasa iNgcaciso yokuba uTshintsho lweMozulu lungcungcuthekisa iBiodiversity kunye neMpilo yoLwandle

Xa ikharbhon ifunxeka elwandle, kubakho utshintsho lwemichiza emanzini olungenakuphepheka. Esinye isiphumo sesokuba i-pH yolwandle iyehla, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-asidi ephezulu emanzini. Ukuba uyakhumbula kwikhemistri yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo [ewe, kwakukudala, kodwa nceda ucinge emva kwezo ntsuku] kokukhona isezantsi i-pH, i-acidic ngakumbi, kwaye iphezulu i-pH, kokukhona isisiseko. Enye ingxaki ubomi basemanzini obujongene nayo kukuba bunokubakho ngolonwabo kuphela kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-pH. Ngaloo ndlela, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni efanayo okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwemozulu nako kuchaphazela ubumuncu bamanzi olwandle; kwaye olu tshintsho kwimichiza yamanzi luchaphazela izilwanyana ezihlala elwandle ngokunjalo. Bona: https://ocean-acidification.org.

IziBophelelo zibeka phambili uLwandle njengoMthombo weNdalo oZimayo

Ayincinci into yokuba inkomfa yalo nyaka ibibanjelwe ePalau – oko i-TOF ibhekisa kuyo njengeLizwe loLwandlekazi oluKhulu (kunokuba liLizwe eliPhuhlisayo lesiQithi esiNcinane). Uluntu oluhlala nombono ongaphambili wolwandle ngabo babona umphumo wokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokukhawuleza nangokumangalisayo. Olu luntu alunako ukungayihoyi okanye luyibeke elinye ixesha iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Nangona kukho iindlela zokunciphisa ukunyuka kwamanzi okutshintsha kwemozulu, ezi zicwangciso aziyilungisi ingxaki yexesha elide yokuba utshintsho lwemozulu luyichaphazela njani imfezeko inkqubo yendalo yolwandle. Oko kubonakaliswa zizibophelelo kukuqonda ifuthe eliya kuba nalo utshintsho lwemozulu elwandle kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwiintlobo zabantu ngokubanzi, kunye nesidingo sokuthatha amanyathelo okucinga phambili.

Ke, izibophelelo ezenziwe kwiNkomfa yethu yoLwandlekazi zingamanyathelo alandelayo okubeka phambili ukubaluleka kolwandle kwiplanethi yethu kunye neentlobo zabantu. Ezi zibophelelo ziyawaqonda amandla olwandle, kodwa kunye nokuba sesichengeni kwawo. 

Ukucinga emva kumbhobho oluhlaza olwandle kwigumbi lam lokulala laseNew York, ndiyaqonda ukuba kwakunzima ngelo xesha ukudibanisa into “ephantsi” kombhoxo wolwandle kwinto eyenzekayo kwimozulu “ngaphezulu” kwayo. Noko ke, umntu akanakulukhusela ulwandle ngaphandle kokuqonda ukubaluleka kwalo kwisijikelezi-langa siphela. Ngokwenene, utshintsho kwimozulu yethu luchaphazela ulwandle ngeendlela esisazifumanisayo. Ekuphela kwendlela eya phambili “kukwenza amaza” – okuthi, kwimeko yeNkomfa yethu yoLwandlekazi – kuthetha ukuzibophelela kwikamva elingcono.