Usuku Lweminyaka Emithathu Lwe-BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

NguCynthia Sarthou, uMqondisi Omkhulu, i-Gulf Restoration Network kanye
U-Bethany Kraft, Umqondisi, Uhlelo Lokubuyisela I-Gulf, I-Ocean Conservancy

Inhlekelele yokuchitheka kukawoyela we-BP Deepwater Horizon ibe nomthelela omkhulu ezingxenyeni ze-Gulf ecosystem kanye nomnotho wesifunda nemiphakathi. Lowo monakalo, nokho, wenzeka ngenxa yezinselelo ezithathe amashumi eminyaka kusukela ekulahlekeni nasekucekeleni phansi kwamaxhaphozi kanye neziqhingi ezivimbela ugu kuya ekwakhekeni “kwezindawo ezifile” eNorthern Gulf kuya ekudobeni ngokweqile nasekulahlekeni kokukhiqizwa kwezindawo zokudoba, ingasaphathwa eyomonakalo iziphepho ezinzima nezivamile. Inhlekelele ye-BP idale isimemezelo kuzwelonke sokuthatha isinyathelo sokudlulela ngale kwemithelela yokuqhunyiswa kwesiphepho futhi kulungiswe ukucekelwa phansi kwezinga okuhlala isikhathi eside isifunda esiye sabhekana nakho.

Barataria Bay, LA

Naphezu kwezinselele eziningi ezibhekene nesifunda, i-Gulf ecosystem iyaqhubeka nokuba yindawo yenala emangalisayo, isebenza njengenjini yezomnotho yezwe lonke. I-GDP yezifunda ezi-5 zeGulf ihlangene ingaba umnotho wesi-7 ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ingena ku-$2.3 trillion ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezilwane zasolwandle ezibanjwe ezifundeni eziphansi ezingama-48 zivela eGulf. Lesi sifunda siyisizinda samandla kanye nobhasikidi wezimfanzi esizweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izwe lonke linesandla ekubuyiseleni kabusha lesi sifunda.

Njengoba sidlula isikhumbuzo seminyaka emithathu sokuqhuma okwathatha ukuphila kwamadoda angu-11, i-BP isazofeza isibopho sayo sokubuyisela i-Gulf ecosystem esimweni esinempilo. Njengoba sisebenzela ekubuyiseleni okugcwele, kumele sibhekane nomonakalo wesikhathi esifushane kanye nesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezintathu ezibalulekile: indawo egudle ugu, imithombo yamanzi aluhlaza kanye nemiphakathi egudle ugu. Imvelo exhumene yemithombo yasogwini neyolwandle ye-Gulf, kuhlangene neqiniso lokuthi izingcindezi zemvelo zihlotshaniswa nakho kokubili okusekelwe ezweni nasolwandle, kuqondisa indlela elinganiselayo yemvelo kanye nendawo yokubuyisela ebalulekile.

Uhlolojikelele lwemiphumela yenhlekelele kawoyela we-BP

Elmer's Island, LA

I-BP Disaster inkulu ukweyisa izinsiza zeGulf. Izigidi zamalitha kawoyela nezihlakazwa zilahlwe eGulf ngesikhathi senhlekelele. Ngaphezulu kwamahektha ayinkulungwane ogwini lwangcoliswa. Namuhla, uwoyela usaqhubeka ugcwala emahekthareni angamakhulu ogu ukusuka eLouisiana kuya eFlorida.

Imininingwane yesayensi etholakalayo ikhombisa ukuthi iGulf ibe nomthelela omubi ngenxa yenhlekelele. Isibonelo, kusukela ngoNovemba 2010 kuya kuMashi 24, 2013, ama-cetaceans angu-669, ikakhulukazi amahlengethwa, ahlala ebolile - angu-104 kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2013. Kusukela ngoNovemba 2010 kuya kuFebhruwari 2011, izimfudu ezingu-1146, ezingu-609 zazo zifile, zixake kabili- amanani. Ukwengeza, izinombolo eziphakeme ze-Snapper ebomvu, inhlanzi ebalulekile yokuzijabulisa neyokuhweba, inezilonda kanye nokulimala kwezitho, i-Gulf killifish (aka cocahoe minnow) inomonakalo we-gill kanye nokunciphisa ukuqina komzimba, kanye namakhorali asemanzini ajulile awonakele noma ayafa-konke kuhambisana nezinga eliphansi. ukuchayeka okunobuthi.

Ngemuva kwale nhlekelele, amalungu omphakathi wase-Gulf NGO, amele izinhlangano ezidobayo ezingaphezu kuka-50, umphakathi nezokongiwa kwemvelo, ahlangana ukuze akhe umfelandawonye owaziwa ngokuthi "iGulf Future." Umfelandawonye wathuthukisa i I-Weeks Bay Principles for Gulf Recovery, kanye the I-Gulf Future Unified Action Plan ye-Healthy Gulf. Kokubili Izimiso kanye Nohlelo Lokusebenza kugxile ezindaweni ezi-4: (1) zokubuyiselwa kogu; (2) ukubuyisela olwandle; (3) ukubuyiselwa nokuqina komphakathi; kanye (4) nempilo yomphakathi. Ukukhathazeka kwamanje kwamaqembu e-Gulf Future kufaka:

• Ukungabi bikho obala ekukhetheni amaphrojekthi okubuyisela ngama-ejensi woMbuso kanye noHulumeni;
• Ingcindezi ebhekene nezithakazelo zombuso nezendawo zokusebenzisa izimali ze-RESTORE Act “ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wendabuko” (imigwaqo, izikhungo zomhlangano, njll.;
• Ukwehluleka kwama-ejensi ukusebenzisana nemiphakathi yendawo ukuze kudaleke amathuba emisebenzi endaweni yabantu abathintekile; futhi,
• Izinyathelo ezinganele zokuqinisekisa, ngomthetho noma ngomthethonqubo, ukuthi inhlekelele efanayo ngeke yenzeke esikhathini esizayo.

Amaqembu e-Gulf Future ayabona ukuthi izigidigidi zamaRandi ezinhlawulweni ze-BP eziza kulesi sifunda ngoMthetho we-RESTORE ziyithuba elilodwa lokuphila ukuze kwakhiwe iGulf enamandla neqine kakhudlwana yezizukulwane ezizayo.

Ukushaja inkambo yesikhathi esizayo

Iphasiswe ngoJulayi ka-2012, i-RESTORE ACT idala isikhwama se-trust esizoqondisa ingxenye ebalulekile yemali yenhlawulo yoMthetho Wamanzi Ahlanzekile ekhokhwa yi-BP nezinye izinhlangano ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ezosetshenziselwa ukubuyisela i-Gulf ecosystem. Kuyaqala ngqa ukuthi kunikezelwe imali engaka ukuze kubuyiswe indawo yaseGulf, kodwa umsebenzi usekude ukuphela.

Nakuba ukukhokhelwa nge-Transocean kuzoqondisa imali yokuqala esikhwameni se-trust ukuze kubuyiselwe, ukuqulwa kwecala le-BP kusalokhu kusaqhubeka eNew Orleans, kungabonakali ukuphela. Ngaphandle uma futhi kuze kube yilapho i-BP yamukela umthwalo wemfanelo ogcwele, izinsiza zethu kanye nabantu abathembele kuzo ngeke bakwazi ukululama ngokugcwele. Kukithi sonke ukuthi sihlale sikhuthele futhi siqhubeke nokusebenzela ukubuyisela lokho okungenye yengcebo yesizwe ngempela.

I-athikili yokulandelela: Ingabe Siyishaya indiva Isayensi Ebaluleke Kakhulu Mayelana Ne-Gulf Spill?