Ibhulogi Yezivakashi evela ku-Shark Advocates

Ushaka Advocates International (SAI) ujabulile ngokuqala unyaka wethu wesibili ogcwele njengohlelo lwe-The Ocean Foundation (TOF). Sibonga i-TOF, sesikulungele kahle ukuqinisa imizamo yethu yokuvikela oshaka nemisebe ngo-2012. 

Sakhela phezu kwezimpumelelo eziningi ezivuzayo esibambe iqhaza kuzo ngo-2011, okuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwe-manta ray ngaphansi kwe-Convention on Migratory Species, izinyathelo zokuqala zamazwe ngamazwe zokongiwa koshaka ababukhali base-Atlantic, isilinganiso esincishiswe kakhulu samazwe ngamazwe sokushibilika e-Northwest Atlantic Ocean. , ukuvikelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe koshaka abamhlophe be-oceanic e-Eastern Tropical Pacific, nokuvikelwa koshaka be-porbeagle eMedithera.

Izinyanga ezizayo nazo ziletha amathuba amaningi okwenza ngcono isimo sokongiwa koshaka nemisebe esengozini. I-SAI izogxila emizamweni yokubambisana yokuvimbela ukudoba ngokweqile, uhwebo olungasimeme, kanye nokufaka izintambo ngezinhlaka ezihlukahlukene zasekhaya, zesifunda kanye nezomhlaba jikelele. 

Isibonelo, u-2012 uzoba unyaka omkhulu wokongiwa kwama-hammerheads, phakathi kwalabo abasengozini enkulu yoshaka abafudukayo. Ngihlose ukuqinisa imikhawulo ye-hammerhead yase-US, ngizoqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza emihlanganweni ye-National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Highly Migratory Species Advisory Panel lapho izinketho zikahulumeni zokwakha kabusha i-hammerhead izothuthukiswa phakathi nonyaka. I-SAI icele ukuthi oshaka abane-hammerhead (ababushelelezi, abacolekile, nabahle) bengezwe ohlwini lwenhlangano lwezinhlobo ezinqatshelwe (okusho ukuthi ukuba nezinto kuvinjelwe). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi ama-hammerhead ayizinhlobo ezizwela kakhulu futhi avame ukufa kalula futhi ngokushesha lapho ebanjwa, kubalulekile ukuthi ezinye izindlela zicwaningwe futhi zisetshenziswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubanjwa kwe-hammerhead kwasekuqaleni, kanye nokuthuthukisa amathuba abanjwe futhi akhululwa. ama-hammerheads ayasinda.

Ama-Hammerheads aphinde enze amakhandidethi amahle okufakwa ohlwini ngaphansi kwe-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) ngoba amaphiko alezi zinhlobo aziswa kakhulu futhi adayiswa emhlabeni wonke ukuze asetshenziswe esobho se-shark fin yendabuko yamaShayina. I-US ithuthukise isiphakamiso sokufakwa kuhlu kwe-hammerhead (okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa ukulandelelwa kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe nge-hammerhead) engqungqutheleni yokugcina ye-CITES ngo-2010, kodwa ayizange iwine iningi lamavoti angu-2/3 avela kwamanye amazwe adingekayo ukuze amukelwe. I-SAI ibisebenzisana ne-Project AWARE Foundation ukunxusa uhulumeni wase-US ukuthi aqhubeke nomzamo wokukhawulela ukuhweba nge-hammerhead ngesiphakamiso sengqungquthela ye-CITES ka-2013. I-SAI izosebenzisa amathuba ahlukahlukene azayo ukuze iphawule ngezinto ezibalulekile e-US mayelana neziphakamiso ze-CITES, igqamisa usizi lwama-hammerhead nezinye izinhlobo zoshaka. Izinqumo zokugcina ngeziphakamiso zase-US ze-CITES zilindeleke ekupheleni konyaka. Ukwengeza, sizosebenzisana nezinhlobonhlobo zamaqembu okulondoloza imvelo emhlabeni wonke ukuze sikhuthaze iziphakamiso zokufakwa kuhlu kwe-CITES ezivela kwamanye amazwe kwezinye izilwane ezisengozini, ezihweba kakhulu njenge-spiny dogfish kanye noshaka be-porbeagle.

Kulo nyaka futhi kuzoletha izimpi zokugcina empini ende yokuqinisa umthetho we-European Union (EU) wokuvinjelwa kokukhishwa kwezipikili zikashaka (ukusika amaphiko kashaka nokulahla isidumbu olwandle). Njengamanje umthethonqubo we-EU uvumela abadobi abavunyelwe ukukhipha amaphiko oshaka olwandle bese bewabeka ngokuhlukene nemizimba yoshaka. Lezi zikhala ziphazamisa kakhulu ukuphoqelelwa kokuvinjelwa kwe-EU futhi zibeka izinga elibi kwamanye amazwe. I-SAI isebenzisana eduze nomfelandawonye weShark Alliance ukukhuthaza ongqongqoshe bezokudoba be-EU kanye namalungu ePhalamende LaseYurophu ukuthi bamukele isiphakamiso se-European Commission sokuthi bonke oshaka balaliswe amaphiko abo. Njengoba isikhona kakade ezindaweni eziningi zokudoba zase-US kanye neMelika Ephakathi, le mfuneko iyona ndlela kuphela ehlulekayo yokunquma ukuthi oshaka abazange bahlawuliswe; kungase futhi kuholele olwazini olungcono lwezinhlobo zoshaka ezithathiwe (ngoba oshaka babonakala kalula ezingeni lezinhlobo zezilwane uma besenezimpiko zabo). Iningi lamazwe angamalungu e-EU asevele akwenqabele ukususwa kwezici zoshaka olwandle, kodwa iSpain nePortugal - amazwe amakhulu adoba oshaka - aqinisekile ukuthi azoqhubeka nokulwa kahle ukuze agcine ehlukile. Umthetho othi “ama-fins attached” ku-EU ungathuthukisa amathuba okuphumelela kwemizamo yase-US yokuqinisa ukuvinjelwa kokufakwa kwezimali kwamazwe ngamazwe ngale ndlela futhi kungazuzisa oshaka emhlabeni wonke.

Eduze kwasekhaya, i-SAI ikhula ngokukhathazeka futhi ikhuthele ngokuphathelene nokukhula kodwa nokho okungalawulwa ukudoba oshaka “ababushelelezi be-dogfish” (noma “i-hound eshelelayo) ezifundazweni ezimaphakathi ne-Atlantic. I-dogfish ebushelelezi iwukuphela kohlobo lukashaka wase-US oluqondiswe ngaphandle kwemingcele yokudoba iyonke. Ngokungafani nabanye oshaka abadotshwa ngenjongo yokudayisa esifundeni, i-dogfish ebushelelezi nayo isengaba isihloko sokuhlolwa kwenani labantu okuzonquma amazinga aphephile okubanjiswa. Abaphathi bezifundazwe zase-Atlantic bahoxile ezinhlelweni zokukhawulela izinhlanzi ezidotshwayo ngemuva kokuthi imboni yokudoba iphikise. Imikhawulo yokuqala kahulumeni yokuvala indawo yokudoba yayihlelelwe ukuthi iqale ukusebenza kule nyanga, kodwa isihlehlisiwe ngenxa yengxenye yokubambezeleka kokuqaliswa koMthetho Wokongiwa Koshaka, ohlanganisa ulimi olungase luholele ekushiyeni i-dogfish ebushelelezi. Okwamanje, ukuhlala kwe-dogfish ebushelelezi kuyanda futhi abadobi bafuna ukuthi noma yimiphi imingcele yesikhathi esizayo inyuswe ngaphezu kwalokho okwakuvunyelwene ngakho ngaphambili. I-SAI izoqhubeka nokuveza okusikhathazayo kubaphathi bezindawo zokudoba zikahulumeni kanye nohulumeni ngenhloso esheshayo yemikhawulo eyisisekelo yokudotshwa ngesikhathi kuhlolwa inani labantu.

Olunye uhlobo olusengozini ye-Mid-Atlantic olukhathaza i-SAI umsebe wenkomo. Lesi sihlobo esiseduze sikashaka siyisihloko somkhankaso wemboni yezilwane zasolwandle owaziwa ngokuthi “Eat a Ray, Save the Bay” osebenzisa izimangalo zesayensi eziyimpikiswano ezishisayo zokuthi imisebe yenkomo yase-US yase-Atlantic iqhume futhi ibeka usongo ezinhlotsheni zezilwane ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezinjengalezi. njengama-scallops nama-oyster. Abasekeli bezokudoba baye baqinisekisa abaningi ukuthi ukudla i-cownose (noma "i-Chesapeake") ray akuyona nje into entsha eqhubekayo esimeme, kodwa futhi umthwalo wemvelo. Eqinisweni, imisebe yenkomo ivame ukuzala umdlwane owodwa ngonyaka, okuyenza ibe lula kakhulu ekudobeni izinhlanzi ngokweqile futhi ingasheshi ukululama lapho isiphelile, futhi akukho mingcele ekudotshweni kwe-cownose ray. Nakuba ozakwabo besayensi besebenzela ukuphikisa ucwaningo olwaholela emibonweni eminingi eyiphutha mayelana nemisebe yenkomo, i-SAI igxile ekufundiseni abathengisi, abaphathi, kanye nomphakathi mayelana nokuba sengozini kwesilwane kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuphathwa.

Okokugcina, i-SAI ihileleke emisebenzini eyahlukene okuhloswe ngayo ukufunda nokunciphisa ukuthatha oshaka nemisebe eyingozi engozini, efana ne-sawfish, i-oceanic whitetips, nemisebe ye-manta. Ngibamba iqhaza kumakomiti amaningana namaqembu asebenzayo asebenza njengamathuba amahle okuxoxa ngezindaba ezicindezelayo zokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi nososayensi, abaphathi bezindawo zokudoba, kanye nabalondolozi bemvelo emhlabeni wonke. Isibonelo, ngiyaziqhenya ngokuba yilungu elisha le-International Seafood Sustainability Foundation's Environmental Stakeholder Committee engingakwazi ngalo ukukhuthaza ukwesekwa kwentuthuko ethile yezinqubomgomo zamazwe ngamazwe zokudoba oshaka zezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zesifunda zokuphatha ukudoba kwe-tuna. Ngihlala ngiyilungu lesikhathi eside le-US Smalltooth Sawfish Recovery Team, phakathi kwezinye izinto, elihlose ukulinganisa kanye nokunciphisa ukubanjwa kwe-sawfish embonini yokudoba izimfanzi zase-US. Kulo nyaka, amalungu ethimba le-sawfish azohlanganyela nabanye ochwepheshe be-International Union for Conservation of Nature Shark Specialist Group ukuze bakhe uhlelo lokusebenza lomhlaba wonke lokongiwa kwamasaha.   

I-SAI iyawabonga amathuba uhulumeni wase-US awanika abalondolozi bemvelo kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza ukuze baxoxe futhi basize ekwakheni izinqubomgomo zezwe nezamazwe ngamazwe zoshaka nemisebe. Ngethemba ukuthi ngizoqhubeka nokusebenza emakomitini abeluleki ase-US kanye nezithunywa emihlanganweni efanele yezokudoba yamazwe ngamazwe. I-SAI ihlela ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisana eduze nozakwabo abavela ku-Project AWARE Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society, Shark Trust, World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, Humane Society, Ocean Conservancy, kanye ne-TRAFFIC, kanye nososayensi be-American Elasmobranch Society kanye ne-European Elasmobranch. Ukuhlangana. Sihlala sibonga kakhulu ngokuseseka okukhulu “kwabanikeli bethu bamatshe ayinhloko” okuhlanganisa i-Curtis kanye no-Edith Munson Foundation, i-Henry Foundation, i-Firedoll Foundation, kanye ne-Save Our Seas Foundation. Ngalokhu kusekelwa nosizo oluvela kubantu abafana nawe, u-2012 ungaba unyaka wesibhengezo sokuvikela oshaka nemisebe eduze nawe nasemhlabeni jikelele.

Sonja Fordham, uMongameli we-SAI