Umnotho Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

1. Isingeniso
2. Yini iBlue Economy?
3. Umthelela Wezomnotho
4. I-Aquaculture Nezokudoba
5. Ezokuvakasha, Ukuhamba Ngomkhumbi, kanye Nokudoba Kwezokungcebeleka
6. Ubuchwepheshe Emnothweni Oluhlaza
7. Ukukhula Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
8. Uhulumeni Kazwelonke kanye Nesenzo Senhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe

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Chofoza ngezansi ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nendlela yethu eqhubekayo yomnotho oluhlaza:

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1. Isingeniso

Imibuso yayisekelwe ngokuphelele ekuxhashazweni kwemithombo yemvelo, kanye nokuhweba ngezimpahla zabathengi (izindwangu, izinongo, i-chinaware), kanye (ngokudabukisayo) izigqila futhi zazincike olwandle ukuze zithuthwe. Ngisho noguquko lwezimboni lwaluxhaswe uwoyela ovela olwandle, ngoba ngaphandle kwamafutha e-spermaceti okugcoba imishini, izinga lokukhiqiza belingeke lishintshe. Abatshalizimali, abaqageli, kanye nemboni yomshwalense esafufusa (Lloyd’s of London) konke kwakhiwe ngenxa yokuhlanganyela ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe olwandle ngezinongo, uwoyela womkhomo, nezinsimbi eziyigugu.

Ngakho-ke, ukutshala izimali emnothweni wasolwandle cishe kudala njengomnotho wasolwandle ngokwawo. Pho kungani sikhuluma sengathi kukhona okusha? Kungani sisungula inkulumo ethi "umnotho oluhlaza?" Kungani sicabanga ukuthi kunethuba elisha lokukhula elivela "kumnotho oluhlaza?"

I-Blue Economy (entsha) ibhekisela emisebenzini yezomnotho esekelwe kokubili, futhi elungele ulwandle, nakuba izincazelo zihluka. Nakuba umqondo we-Blue Economy uqhubeka nokushintsha futhi uvumelana nezimo, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho emiphakathini yasolwandle nasogwini kungaklanywa ukusebenza njengesisekelo sentuthuko esimeme emhlabeni jikelele.

Umnyombo wombono omusha we-Blue Economy wukunqanyulwa kwentuthuko yenhlalo-mnotho ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo… ingxenye yomnotho wolwandle wonke enemisebenzi yokuvuselela nokubuyisela esimweni esiholela ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo nenhlalakahle yabantu, okuhlanganisa ukuvikeleka kokudla nokudala. zokuphila okusimeme.

UMark J. Spalding | Februwari, 2016

IBUYELA TOP

2. Yini iBlue Economy?

Spalding, MJ (2021, May 26) Ukutshala imali kuMnotho Omusha Oluhlaza. I-Ocean Foundation. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: https://youtu.be/ZsVxTrluCvI

The Ocean Foundation is a partner and advisor of Rockefeller Capital Management, helping identify public companies whose products and services meet the needs of a healthy human relationship with the ocean. TOF President Mark J. Spalding discusses this partnership and investing in a sustainable blue economy in a recent 2021 webinar.  

Wenhai L., Cusack C., Baker M., Tao W., Mingbao C., Paige K., Xiaofan Z., Levin L., Escobar E., Amon D., Yue Y., Reitz A., Neves AAS , O'Rourke E., Mannarini G., Pearlman J., Tinker J., Horsburgh KJ, Lehodey P., Pouliquen S., Dale T., Peng Z. kanye no-Yufeng Y. (2019, Juni 07). Izibonelo Zezomnotho Eziluhlaza Eziphumelelayo Ngokugcizelela Imibono Yamazwe Ngamazwe. Imingcele kuSayensi Yasolwandle 6 (261). Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00261

I-Blue Economy isebenza njengohlaka kanye nenqubomgomo yemisebenzi yezomnotho yasolwandle esimeme kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha obusekelwe olwandle. Leli phepha linikeza ukubuka konke okubanzi kanye nezifundo zetiyori nezingokoqobo ezimele izifunda zomhlaba ezihlukene ukuze zinikeze ukuvumelana kweBlue Economy wonkana.

Banos Ruiz, I. (2018, Julayi 03). I-Blue Economy: Hhayi nje eyeNhlanzi. Deutsche Welle. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://p.dw.com/p/2tnP6.

Esethulweni esifushane se-Blue Economy, umsakazi we-Deutsche Welle Germany wamazwe ngamazwe unikeza umbono oqondile we-multifaceted Blue Economy. Exoxa ngezinsongo ezifana nokudoba ngokweqile, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, umbhali uthi okubi olwandle kubi esintwini futhi kusenezindawo eziningi ezidinga ukubambisana okuqhubekayo ukuze kuvikelwe ingcebo enkulu yomnotho wasolwandle.

Keen, M., Schwarz, AM, Wini-Simeon, L. (Februwari 2018). Ibheke Ekuchazeni Umnotho Oluhlaza: Izifundo Ezisebenzayo Ezivela Ekubuseni Olwandle lwasePacific. Inqubomgomo Yasolwandle. Vol. awu 88p. 333 - ikhasi. 341. Ithathwe ku: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.002

Ababhali benze uhlaka lomqondo wokubhekana nezinhlobonhlobo zamagama ahlotshaniswa neBlue Economy. Lolu hlaka luboniswa ocwaningweni lwezindawo ezintathu zokudoba e-Solomon Islands: izimakethe ezincane, izimakethe zasemadolobheni zikazwelonke, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zamazwe ngamazwe ngokucutshungulwa kwe-tuna yasogwini. Ezingeni eliphansi, zisekhona izinselelo kusukela ekusekelweni kwendawo, ukulingana ngokobulili kanye nezifunda zezombusazwe zendawo ezithinta ukusimama koMnotho Oluhlaza.

I-World Wildlife Fund (2018) Izimiso Zokwaziswa Okuqhubekayo Komnotho Oluhlaza Oluhlaza. I-World Wildlife Fund. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/oceans/publications/?247858/Principles-for-a-Sustainable-Blue-Economy

Izimiso ze-World Wildlife Fund for a Sustainable Blue Economy ihlose ukuveza kafushane umqondo we-Blue Economy ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wasolwandle kunomthelela ekuchumeni kweqiniso. I-athikili iphikisa ukuthi i-Blue Economy esimeme kufanele ilawulwe izinqubo zomphakathi nezizimele ezibandakanya wonke umuntu, ezaziwa kahle, eziguquguqukayo, eziziphendulela, ezisobala, eziphelele, nezisebenzayo. Ukuze kufezwe lezi zinhloso abadlali bakahulumeni nabazimele kufanele bazibekele imigomo elinganisekayo, bahlole futhi baxhumanise ukusebenza kwabo, banikeze imithetho eyanele kanye nezisusa, baphathe ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yasolwandle, bathuthukise izindinganiso, baqonde ukungcoliswa kolwandle ngokuvamile kuvela emhlabeni, futhi babambisane ngenkuthalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ushintsho. .

Grimm, K. kanye no-J. Fitzsimmons. (2017, Okthoba 6) Ucwaningo Nezincomo Zokuxhumana mayelana Nomnotho Oluhlaza. Spitfire. PDF

I-Spitfire idale ukuhlaziywa kwezwe ekuxhumaneni okuphathelene ne-Blue Economy ye-2017 Mid-Atlantic Blue Ocean Economy 2030 Forum. Ukuhlaziywa kwembula ukuthi inkinga ehamba phambili isalokhu ishoda ngencazelo nolwazi kuzo zombili izimboni naphakathi komphakathi jikelele nabakhi benqubomgomo. Phakathi kwezincomo ezengeziwe eziyishumi nambili ezethulwe itimu efanayo ngesidingo sokuthumela imilayezo yamasu nokuhlanganyela okusebenzayo.

Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene. (2017, Meyi 3). I-Blue Growth Charter e-Cabo Verde. Izizwe Ezihlangene. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmw4kvfUnZI

Inhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yokudla Nezolimo isekela Amazwe Athuthukayo Eziqhingini Ezincane ngamaphrojekthi amaningi emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa ne-Blue Growth Charter. I-Cape Verde yakhethwa njengomklamo wokulinga we-Blue Growth Charter ukukhuthaza izinqubomgomo nokutshalwa kwezimali okuhlobene nokuthuthukiswa kolwandle okusimeme. Ividiyo igqamisa izici ezihlukene ze-Blue Economy okuhlanganisa nemiphumela emihle kubantu bendawo okungavami ukuvezwa ngezincazelo ezinkulu ze-Blue Economy.

Spalding, MJ (2016, February). I-New Blue Economy: Ikusasa Lokusimama. Ijenali ye-Ocean and Coastal Economics. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: http://dx.doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1052

I-Blue Economy entsha igama elisungulwe ukuchaza imisebenzi ekhuthaza ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwemizamo yabantu, imisebenzi yezomnotho, nemizamo yokonga.

Uhlelo lwezezimali lwe-UN Environment Programme. (2021, Mashi). I-Turning the Tide: Indlela yokuxhasa ngezimali ukusimama kolwandle: Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wezikhungo zezezimali ukuhola ukusimama kolwandle. Iyatholakala lapha kule webhusayithi.

Lesi siqondiso esibalulekile esinikezwe i-UN Environment Programme Finance Initiative iyithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuqala emakethe ukuze izikhungo zezezimali zisekele imisebenzi yazo ekuxhaseni ngezimali umnotho osimeme. Idizayinelwe amabhange, abahlinzeki bomshwalense nabatshalizimali, isiqondiso sichaza indlela yokugwema nokunciphisa ubungozi nemithelela yezemvelo nezenhlalo yomphakathi, kanye nokugqamisa amathuba, lapho uhlinzeka ngemali ezinkampanini noma amaphrojekthi ngaphakathi komnotho oluhlaza. Imikhakha emihlanu ebalulekile yasolwandle iyahlolwa, ikhethelwe ukuxhumana kwayo okuqinile nezimali ezizimele: ukudla kwasolwandle, imikhumbi, amachweba, ezokuvakasha zasogwini nezasolwandle namandla avuselelekayo olwandle, ikakhulukazi umoya wasogwini.

IBUYELA TOP

3. Umthelela Wezomnotho

I-Asian Development Bank / International Finance Corporation ngokubambisana ne-International Capital Market Association (ICMA), United National Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), kanye ne-United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) (2023, September). Amabhondi Okuxhasa Ngezimali I-Sustainable Blue Economy: Umhlahlandlela Womsebenzi. https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Sustainable-finance/Bonds-to-Finance-the-Sustainable-Blue-Economy-a-Practitioners-Guide-September-2023.pdf

Isiqondiso esisha samabhondi aluhlaza sokusiza ekuvuleni ezezimali ukuze kube nomnotho osimeme wasolwandle | I-International Capital Market Association (ICMA) kanye ne-International Finance Corporation (IFC) - ilungu le-World Bank Group, i-United Nations Global Compact, i-Asian Development Bank kanye ne-UNEP FI bathuthukise umhlahlandlela womsebenzi womhlaba wonke wamabhondi ukuze kuxhaswe imali esimeme. umnotho oluhlaza. Lesi siqondiso sokuzithandela sinikeza ababambiqhaza bemakethe imibandela ecacile, izinqubo, nezibonelo zokubolekwa nokukhishwa “kwebhondi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka”. Iqoqa imibono evela ezimakethe zezimali, imboni yezilwandle kanye nezikhungo zomhlaba, ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngezingxenye ezibalulekile ezibandakanyekayo ekusunguleni "ibhondi eluhlaza," indlela yokuhlola umthelela wemvelo wokutshalwa kwezimali "kwe-blue bond"; kanye nezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kube lula ukuthengiselana okugcina ubuqotho bemakethe.

Spalding, MJ (2021, Disemba 17). Ukulinganisa Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Komnotho Oqhubekayo Wasolwandle. Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/measuring-sustainable-ocean-economy-investing

Ukutshala imali emnothweni wasolwandle esimeme akukhona nje ukushayela inzuzo ephakeme elungiswe ubungozi, kodwa futhi mayelana nokuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa nokubuyiselwa kwezinsiza eziluhlaza ezingaphatheki. Siphakamisa izigaba eziyisikhombisa ezinkulu zokutshalwa kwezimali okusimeme komnotho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezisezigabeni ezihlukene futhi ezingamukela ukutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi noma kwangasese, ukuxhasa ngezimali izikweletu, ukusiza umphakathi, kanye neminye imithombo yezimali. Lezi zigaba eziyisikhombisa yilezi: ukusimama kwezomnotho nenhlalakahle yasogwini, ukuthuthukisa ezokuthutha olwandle, amandla avuselelekayo olwandle, ukutshalwa kwezimali kokudla okuvela olwandle, i-ocean biotechnology, ukuhlanza ulwandle, kanye nemisebenzi yolwandle elindelwe isizukulwane esilandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abeluleki bezokutshalwa kwezimali nabanikazi bempahla bangasekela ukutshalwa kwezimali emnothweni oluhlaza, okuhlanganisa nezinkampani ezibandakanyayo nokuzidonsela ekuziphatheni okungcono, imikhiqizo, kanye nezinsizakalo.

I-Metroeconomica, i-Ocean Foundation, ne-WRI Mexico. (2021, Januwari 15). Ukuhlolwa Kwezomnotho Kwezinto Eziphila Phansi Kwemifula Esifundeni sase-MAR kanye Nezimpahla Nezinkonzo Abazihlinzekayo, Umbiko Wokugcina. I-Inter-American Development Bank. PDF.

I-Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS noma i-MAR) iyi-ecosystem enkulu kunazo zonke eMelika futhi ingeyesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ucwaningo lucubungule izinsizakalo zokuhlinzeka, izinsizakalo zamasiko, kanye nezinsizakalo zokulawula ezihlinzekwa yizindawo eziphila emanzini ase-MAR, lwaphinde lwathola ukuthi ezokuvakasha nokuzijabulisa kunikele ngezigidi ezingu-4,092 zama-USD esiFundazweni sase-Mesoamerican, nezindawo zokudoba ezinikela ngezigidi ezingu-615 zama-USD. Izinzuzo zonyaka zokuvikela ogwini zilingana ne-322.83-440.71 million USD. Lo mbiko uwumvuthwandaba wezikhathi ezine zokusebenza eziku-inthanethi kuworkshop kaJanuwari 2021 enabahambele umcimbi abangaphezu kwe-100 abamele amazwe amane ase-MAR: iMexico, iBelize, iGuatemala, neHonduras. Isifinyezo Esiphezulu singaba utholwe lapha, futhi i-infographic ingatholakala ngezansi:

Voyer, M., van Leeuwen, J. (2019, Agasti). "Ilayisensi Yomphakathi Yokusebenza" ku-Blue Economy. Inqubomgomo Yezinsiza. (62) 102-113. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://www.sciencedirect.com/

I-Blue Economy njengemodeli yezomnotho esekwe olwandle idinga ukuthi kuxoxwe ngendima yelayisense yomphakathi ukuze isebenze. I-athikili ithi ilayisense yomphakathi, ngokugunyazwa imiphakathi yendawo kanye nababambiqhaza, ithinta inzuzo yephrojekthi ngokuhlobene neBlue Economy.

Blue Economy Summit. (2019).Ibheke kuMnotho Oluhlaza Osimeme e-Caribbean. I-Blue Economy Summit, URoatan, eHonduras. PDF

Imizamo yonkana kulo lonke elaseCaribbean isiqalile ukuguqukela ekukhiqizeni okubandakanyayo, kwemikhakha ehlukene kanye nokusimeme okuhlanganisa kokubili ukuhlelwa kwemboni kanye nokubusa. Umbiko uhlanganisa izifundo ezimbili zemizamo yemizamo e-Grenada nase-Bahamas kanye nezinsiza zokuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinhlelo ezigxile ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme esifundeni sase-Wider Caribbean.

Attri, VN (2018 Novemba 27). Amathuba Okutshalwa Kwezimali Amasha Nasafufusa Ngaphansi KoMnotho Oluhlaza Oqhubekayo. Iforamu Yebhizinisi, Ingqungquthela Yezomnotho Eqhubekayo Eluhlaza. Nairobi, Kenya. PDF

Isifunda sase-Indian Ocean sethula amathuba abalulekile okutshalwa kwezimali kuMnotho Oluhlaza Osimeme. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kungasekelwa ngokubonisa isixhumanisi esimisiwe phakathi kokusebenza kokusimama kwebhizinisi nokusebenza kwezimali. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okusimeme e-Indian Ocean izofika ngokubandakanyeka kohulumeni, imboni ezimele, kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe.

Mwanza, K. (2018, Novemba 26). Imiphakathi Ebadobayo Yase-Afrika Ibhekene “nokushabalala” Njengoba Umnotho Oluhlaza Ukhula: Ochwepheshe. Thomas Reuters Foundation. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-oceans-blueeconomy/african-fishing-communities-face-extinction-as-blue-economy-grows-experts-idUSKCN1NV2HI

Kunengozi yokuthi izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa i-Blue Economy zingayibekela inyumbazane imiphakathi edobayo lapho amazwe ebeka eqhulwini ezokuvakasha, ukudoba kwezimboni, kanye nemali engenayo yokuhlola. Lesi sihloko esifushane sibonisa izinkinga zokukhula okukhulayo ngaphandle kokucabangela ukusimama.

I-Caribank. (2018, Meyi 31). Isemina: Ukuxhasa Ngezimali Umnotho Oluhlaza- Ithuba Lokuthuthukiswa KweCaribbean. ICaribbean Development Bank. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2O1Nf4duVRU

I-Caribbean Development Bank ibambe isemina eMhlanganweni wabo Wonyaka wezi-2018 othi “Ukuxhasa Ngezimali Umnotho Oluhlaza- Ithuba Lokuthuthukiswa KweCaribbean.” Isemina idingida izindlela zangaphakathi nezamazwe ngamazwe ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhasa izimboni, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezinhlelo zomnotho oluhlaza, kanye nokuthuthukisa amathuba okutshala imali ngaphakathi kweBlue Economy.

Sarker, S., Bhuyan, Md., Rahman, M., Md. Islam, Hossain, Md., Basak, S. Islam, M. (2018, May 1). Kusuka Kwesayensi Kuya Esenzweni: Ukuhlola Amandla Omnotho Oluhlaza Wokuthuthukisa Ukusimama Komnotho e-Bangladesh. Ukuphathwa koLwandle nogu. (157) 180-192. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii

I-Bangladesh ibhekwa njengesibonelo socwaningo lwamandla e-Blue Economy, lapho kunamandla amakhulu, nokho ezinye izinselele eziningi zisekhona, ikakhulukazi kwezohwebo nezohwebo ezihlobene nolwandle nogu. Umbiko uthola ukuthi i-Blue Growth, indatshana eyichaza njengokwenyuka kwemisebenzi yezomnotho olwandle, akumele idele ukusimama kwemvelo ukuze kuzuze umnotho njengoba kubonakala e-Bangladesh.

Ukumenyezelwa Kwezimiso Zezimali Zomnotho Oluhlaza Esimeme. (2018 Januwari 15). I-European Commission. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ declaration-sustainable-blue-economy-finance-principles_en.pdf

Abamele umkhakha wezinsizakalo zezezimali namaqembu angenzi nzuzo okuhlanganisa i-European Commission, i-European Investment Bank, i-World Wide Fund for Nature, kanye ne-The Prince of Wales's International Sustainability Unit badale uhlaka lwe-Blue Economy Investment Principles. Izimiso eziyishumi nane zihlanganisa ukuba sobala, ukuqaphela ingozi, ukuba nomthelela, kanye nokusekelwe kwisayensi lapho kuthuthukiswa i-Blue Economy. Umgomo wabo uwukusekela ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlinzeka ngohlaka lomnotho ozinze olwandle.

Blue Economy Caribbean. (2018). Izinto Zesenzo. I-BEC, Imicimbi Yamandla Entsha. Kubuyiswe kusuka: http://newenergyevents.com/bec/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/11/BEC_5-Action-Items.pdf

I-infographic ebonisa izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uqhubeke nokuthuthukisa umnotho oluhlaza e-Caribbean. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubuholi, ukudidiyela, ukumela umphakathi, okuqhutshwa isidingo, kanye nokulinganisa.

I-Blue Economy Caribbean (2018). I-Caribbean Blue Economy: Umbono we-OECS. Isethulo. I-BEC, Imicimbi Yamandla Entsha. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: http://newenergyevents.com/blue-economy-caribbean/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2018/11/BEC_Showcase_OECS.pdf

I-Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) yethulwe ku-Blue Economy in the Caribbean okuhlanganisa ukubuka konke kokubaluleka kwezomnotho nabadlali abakhulu esifundeni. Umbono wabo ugxile endaweni enempilo futhi enothile yemvelo yasolwandle yase-Eastern Caribbean elawulwa ngendlela eqhubekayo kuyilapho beqaphela ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlalakahle yezomnotho kubantu besifunda. 

Uhulumeni wase-Anguilla. (2018) Ukwenza imali kwe-Anguilla's 200 Mile EFZ Yethulwa ku-Caribbean Blue Economy Conference, Miami. PDF

Imboza ngaphezu kuka-85,000 sq. km, i-EFZ ye-Anguilla ingenye enkulu kunazo zonke e-Caribbean. Isethulo sihlinzeka ngohlaka olujwayelekile lokuqaliswa kokulawulwa kwelayisensi yokudoba phesheya kwezilwandle kanye nezibonelo zezinzuzo zesikhathi esidlule eziqhingini. Izinyathelo zokudala ilayisensi zihlanganisa ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha yezokudoba, ukwakha uhlaka lomthetho lokukhipha amalayisensi aphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokuqapha kanye nokugadwa.

Hansen, E., Holthus, P., Allen, C., Bae, J., Goh, J., Mihailescu, C., kanye noC. Pedregon. (2018). Amaqoqo Olwandle/Asolwandle: Ubuholi Nokubambisana Kwentuthuko Esimeme Yasolwandle kanye Nokuqaliswa Kwezinjongo Zentuthuko Esimeme. I-World Ocean Council. PDF

I-Ocean/Maritime Cluster yizindawo zokugxilwa kwezindawo zezimboni zasolwandle ezihlobene ezabelana ngezimakethe ezifanayo futhi ezisebenza eduze kwenye ngamanethiwekhi amaningi. Lawa maqoqo angadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko esimeme olwandle ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezintsha, ukuncintisana-ukukhiqiza-inzuzo kanye nomthelela wemvelo.

Humphrey, K. (2018). I-Blue Economy Barbados, I-Ministry of Maritime Affairs kanye ne-Blue Economy. PDF

I-Blue Economy Framework yase-Barbados yakhiwe ngezinsika ezintathu: ezokuthutha nezokuthutha, izindlu nempatho, kanye nempilo nokudla. Umgomo wabo uwukugcina imvelo, ube amandla avuselelekayo angu-100%, ukuvimbela amapulasitiki, nokuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo zokuphatha olwandle.

Parsan, N. kanye no-A. Friday. (2018). Ukuhlela Okuyinhloko Kokukhula Okuluhlaza ECaribbean: Isifundo Esivela eGrenada. Isethulo eBlue Economy Caribbean. PDF

Umnotho waseGrenada wacekelwa phansi yiSiphepho u-Ivan ngo-2004 futhi ngemuva kwalokho wezwa imiphumela yeNkinga Yezezimali eholele esilinganisweni sokungasebenzi esingama-40%. Lokhu kuveze ithuba lokuthuthukisa iBlue Growth ukuze kuvuselelwe umnotho. Ukuhlonza amaqoqo ayisishiyagalolunye emisebenzi inqubo yaxhaswa yiBhange Lomhlaba ngenhloso yokuthi i-St. George ibe inhloko-dolobha yokuqala ehlakaniphile ngesimo sezulu. Ulwazi olwengeziwe ngohlelo Oluyinhloko Lokukhula Okuluhlaza KweGrenada lungatholakala lapha.

Ram, J. (2018) The Blue Economy: Ithuba Lokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Caribbean. I-Caribbean Development Bank. PDF

Umqondisi Wezomnotho eBhange Lokuthuthukiswa KweCaribbean wethulwe e-Blue Economy Caribbean ka-2018 ngamathuba abatshalizimali esifundeni sase-Caribbean. Isethulo sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintsha zokutshalwa kwezimali njenge-Blended Finance, Blue Bonds, Recoverable Grants, Debt-for-Nature Swaps, kanye nokubhekana ngqo nokutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese kuBlue Economy.

Klinger, D., Eikeset, AM, Davíðsdóttir, B., Winter, AM, Watson, J. (2017, October 21). I-Mechanics of Blue Growth: Ukuphathwa Kokusetshenziswa Kwensiza Yemvelo Yasolwandle Nabalingisi Abaningi, Abasebenzisanayo. Inqubomgomo Yasolwandle (I-87). I-356-362.

I-Blue Growth incike ekuphathweni okudidiyelwe kwemikhakha yezomnotho eminingi ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle imithombo yemvelo yolwandle. Ngenxa yemvelo eguquguqukayo yolwandle kukhona kokubili ukubambisana kanye nobutha, phakathi kwezokuvakasha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla olwandle, naphakathi kwezindawo ezihlukahlukene namazwe alwela izinsiza ezinomkhawulo.

Spalding, MJ (2015 Okthoba 30). Ukubheka Imininingwane Encane. Ibhulogi mayelana nengqungquthela enesihloko esithi “The Oceans in National Income Accounts: Ukufuna Ukuvumelana Ngezincazelo Namazinga”. I-Ocean Foundation. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 22, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/looking-at-the-small-details/

Umnotho (omusha) awuphathelene nobuchwepheshe obusha obusafufusa, kodwa imisebenzi yezomnotho esimeme uma iqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, amakhodi okuhlukaniswa kwemboni awanawo umehluko wezinqubo ezizinzile, njengoba kunqunywa ingqungquthela ye-“The Oceans National Income Account” e-Asilomar, California. Amakhodi okuhlukanisa eposi likaMongameli we-TOF uMark Spalding ahlinzeka ngamamethrikhi edatha ebalulekile adingekayo ukuze kuhlaziywe ushintsho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nenqubomgomo yokwazisa.

Uhlelo lweNational Ocean Economics. (2015). Idatha Yemakethe. Middlebury Institute of International Studies eMonterey: Centre for the Blue Economy. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: http://www.oceaneconomics.org/market/coastal/

I-Middlebury's Center for the Blue Economy inikeza inani lezibalo namanani ezomnotho ezimbonini ngokusekelwe ekwenziweni kwemakethe e-Ocean kanye neminotho yasogwini. Ihlukaniswe ngonyaka, isifunda, isifunda, imikhakha yezimboni, kanye nezifunda ezingasogwini namanani. Idatha yabo yobuningi inenzuzo enkulu ekuboniseni umthelela wezimboni zasolwandle nezisogwini emnothweni womhlaba.

Spalding, MJ (2015). I-Ocean Sustainability kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezinsiza Zomhlaba. Ibhulogi ku-"Ocean Sustainability Science Symposium". I-Ocean Foundation. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 22, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/blog/ocean-sustainability-and-global-resource-management

Kusukela kumapulasitiki kuya e-Ocean Acidification abantu banembangela yesimo esikhona manje sokonakala futhi abantu kufanele baqhubeke nokusebenza ukuthuthukisa isimo solwandle lomhlaba. Okuthunyelwe kubhulogi kaMongameli we-TOF u-Mark Spalding kukhuthaza izenzo ezingalimazi, zidale amathuba okubuyiselwa kolwandle, futhi zisuse ingcindezi olwandle njengomthombo okwabelwana ngawo.

I-Economist Intelligence Unit. (2015). I-Blue Economy: Ukukhula, Ithuba, kanye Nomnotho Wasolwandle Esimeme. I-The Economist: iphepha elifingqiwe leNgqungquthela Yomhlaba Yasolwandle ka-2015. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: https://www.woi.economist.com/content/uploads/2018/ 04/m1_EIU_The-Blue-Economy_2015.pdf

Iqale yalungiselelwa iNgqungquthela Yomhlaba Yasolwandle 2015, Uphiko Lwezobunhloli Lwe-Economist lubheka ukuvela komnotho oluhlaza, ukulingana komnotho nokongiwa kwemvelo, futhi ekugcineni namaqhinga okutshalwa kwezimali okungenzeka. Leli phepha linikeza umbono obanzi womsebenzi wezomnotho osekelwe olwandle futhi linikeza amaphuzu ezingxoxo ngekusasa lomsebenzi wezomnotho ohilela izimboni ezigxile olwandle.

BenDor, T., Lester, W., Livengood, A., Davis, A. and L. Yonavjak. (2015). Ukulinganisa Usayizi Nomthelela Wokubuyiselwa Komnotho Wezinto Ezungezile. I-Library Yomphakathi Yensiza 10(6): e0128339. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128339

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo yasekhaya, njengomkhakha, kukhiqiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-9.5 ngokuthengiswa minyaka yonke kanye nemisebenzi engama-221,000. Ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo kungabizwa ngokubanzi njengomsebenzi wezomnotho osiza ekubuyiseleni imvelo esimweni sezempilo esithuthukisiwe kanye nemisebenzi yokugcwalisa. Lolu cwaningo lwecala lwalungelokuqala ukukhombisa izinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokwezibalo zokubuyiselwa kwemvelo ezingeni likazwelonke.

Kildow, J., Colgan, C., Scorse, J., Johnston, P., kanye no-M. Nichols. (2014). Isimo se-US Ocean and Coastal Economies 2014. Isikhungo Somnotho Oluhlaza: Middlebury Institute of International Studies eMonterey: National Ocean Economics Program. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: http://cbe.miis.edu/noep_publications/1

I-Monterey Institute of International Studies' Centre for the Blue Economy inikeza ukubheka okujulile kwemisebenzi yezomnotho, izibalo zabantu, inani lempahla, inani lemithombo yemvelo nokukhiqiza, izindleko zikahulumeni e-United States ezihlobene nezimboni zasolwandle nezisogwini. Umbiko ushicilela amathebula amaningi nezibalo ezihlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa kwezibalo okuphelele komnotho wolwandle.

UConathan, M. kanye no-K. Kroh. (Juni 2012). I-Foundations of a Blue Economy: I-CAP Iqala Iphrojekthi Entsha Ethuthukisa Izimboni Zasolwandle Eziqhubekayo. Isikhungo Sentuthuko YaseMelika. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2012/06/ 27/11794/thefoundations-of-a-blue-economy/

I-Center for American Progress ikhiqize kafushane ngephrojekthi yabo ye-Blue Economy egxile ekuxhumaneni kwemvelo, umnotho, nezimboni ezincike futhi ezihlala ndawonye nolwandle, ugu, kanye ne-Great Lakes. Umbiko wabo ugqamisa isidingo socwaningo olukhulu lomthelela wezomnotho kanye namanani angabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuhlaziyeni idatha evamile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinzuzo zezomnotho ezidinga indawo yolwandle ehlanzekile nenempilo, njengenani lezentengiselwano lendawo engasemanzini noma insiza yabathengi ezuzwe ngokuhamba ogwini lolwandle.

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4. I-Aquaculture Nezokudoba

Ngezansi uzothola umbono ophelele wokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini nezokudoba ngokusebenzisa ilensi ye-Blue Economy ebanzi, ukuze uthole ucwaningo oluningiliziwe sicela ubheke amakhasi wezinsiza ze-The Ocean Foundation ku. I-Aquaculture Esimeme futhi Amathuluzi Namasu Okuphatha Okuphumelelayo Kwezokudoba ngokulandelana.

U-Bailey, KM (2018). Izifundo Zokudoba: I-Artisan Fisheries kanye Nekusasa Lolwandle lwethu. I-Chicago neLondon: I-University of Chicago Press.

Abadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa badlala indima enkulu ekuqashweni emhlabeni jikelele, bahlinzeka ngengxenye eyodwa kwezimbili kokuthathu kokudotshwa kokudla kwezinhlanzi emhlabeni wonke kodwa babamba u-80-90% wabasebenzi bezinhlanzi emhlabeni wonke, ingxenye yabo okungabesifazane. Kodwa izinkinga ziyaqhubeka. Njengoba imboni ikhula kuba nzima kubadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa ukugcina amalungelo okudoba, ikakhulukazi njengoba izindawo ziba nokudotshwa ngokweqile. Esebenzisa izindaba zomuntu siqu ezivela kubadobi emhlabeni jikelele, u-Bailey uphawula ngemboni yokudoba yomhlaba wonke kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwabadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa kanye nemvelo.

Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene. (2018). Isimo Sezokudoba Emhlabeni Nezokulima Kwezilwane Zasemanzini: Ukuhlangabezana Nezinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme. ERoma. PDF

Umbiko weNhlangano yeziZwe wezi-2018 mayelana nezokudoba emhlabeni unikeze uphenyo oluningiliziwe oluqhutshwa yidatha oludingekayo ukuze kuphathwe izinsiza zasemanzini ku-Blue Economy. Lo mbiko ugqamisa izinselelo ezinkulu ezihlanganisa ukusimama okuqhubekayo, indlela edidiyelwe yemikhakha eminingi, ukubhekana nokuvikeleka kwemvelo, kanye nokubika ngezibalo okunembile. Umbiko ogcwele uyatholakala lapha.

Allison, EH (2011).  I-Aquaculture, Izinhlanzi, Ubumpofu kanye Nokuvikeleka Kokudla. Kuthunyelwe i-OECD. I-Penang: I-WorldFish Centre. PDF

Umbiko weWorldFish Centre uphakamisa ukuthi izinqubomgomo ezisimeme kwezokudoba kanye nezilwane zasemanzini zinganikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ekuvikelekeni kokudla kanye nezinga eliphansi lobumpofu emazweni asathuthuka. Inqubomgomo yamasu kumele futhi isetshenziswe kanye nezinqubo ezizinzile ukuze zibe nempumelelo isikhathi eside. Izinqubo ezisebenzayo zokudoba kanye nokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini zizuzisa imiphakathi eminingi inqobo nje uma ziguqulelwa endaweni ngayinye kanye namazwe. Lokhu kusekela umbono wokuthi izinqubo ezisimeme zinomthelela omkhulu emnothweni uwonke futhi kunikeza isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokudoba kuMnotho Oluhlaza.

Mills, DJ, Westlund, L., de Graaf, G., Kura, Y., Willman, R. kanye no-K. Kelleher. (2011). Okubikwa Kancane Nokunganakwa: Abadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa emazweni asathuthuka ku-R. Pomeroy kanye no-NL Andrew (eds.), Ukuphatha Izinhlanzi Eziziphilisa Ezincane: Izinhlaka Nezindlela. UK: CABI. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/9781845936075/

Ngocwaningo oluyisibonelo “lwesifinyezo” iMills ibheka imisebenzi yenhlalonhle yezomnotho yezokudoba emazweni asathuthuka. Sekukonke, abadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa babukelwa phansi ezingeni likazwelonke ikakhulukazi mayelana nomthelela wezokudoba ekuvikelekeni kokudla, ukuqeda ububha kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwempilo, kanye nezindaba ezithinta ukubuswa kwezindawo zokudoba emazweni amaningi asathuthuka. Imboni yokudoba ingenye yemikhakha emikhulu yomnotho wasolwandle futhi lokhu kubuyekezwa okuphelele kusiza ukukhuthaza intuthuko engokoqobo neqhubekayo.

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5. Ezokuvakasha, Ukuhamba Ngomkhumbi, kanye Nokudoba Kwezokungcebeleka

UConathan, M. (2011). Inhlanzi NgoLwesihlanu: Imigqa Eyizigidi Eziyishumi Nambili Emanzini. Isikhungo Sentuthuko YaseMelika. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2011/ 07/01/9922/fishon-fridays-twelve-million-lines-in-the-water/

I-Center for American Progress ihlola okutholakele ukuthi ukudoba ukuzijabulisa, okubandakanya abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12 minyaka yonke, kusongela izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi ngamanani angenakulinganiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nokudoba ngenjongo yokuthengisa. Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu wokukhawulela umthelela wemvelo kanye nokudoba ngokweqile kubandakanya ukulandela imithetho yamalayisensi nokuzijwayeza ukubamba okuphephile nokukhulula. Ukuhlaziywa kwalesi sihloko sezinqubo ezihamba phambili kusiza ukukhuthaza ukuphathwa okuzinzile kweBlue Economy.

Zappino, V. (2005 Juni). Ezokuvakasha Nentuthuko Yase-Caribbean: Uhlolojikelele [Umbiko Wokugcina]. Iphepha Lengxoxo No. 65. I-European Center for Development Policy Management. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: http://ecdpm.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/11/DP-65-Caribbean-Tourism-Industry-Development-2005.pdf

Ezokuvakasha eCaribbean ingenye yezimboni ezibaluleke kakhulu esifundeni, eheha izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke ngezindawo zokungcebeleka kanye njengendawo yokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Ocwaningweni lwezomnotho oluphathelene nentuthuko ku-Blue Economy, i-Zappino ibheka umthelela wezokuvakasha endaweni ezungezile futhi ihlaziya izinhlelo ezisimeme zezokuvakasha esifundeni. Uncoma ukuqaliswa okuqhubekayo kwemihlahlandlela yesifunda yezinqubo ezizinzile ezizuzisa umphakathi wendawo odingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kweBlue Economy.

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6. Ubuchwepheshe Emnothweni Oluhlaza

Umnyango Wezamandla wase-US.(2018 April). Ukunika amandla umbiko we-Blue Economy. Umnyango Wezamandla wase-US, Ihhovisi Lokusebenza Kahle Kwezamandla kanye Namandla Avuselelekayo. https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/downloads/powering-blue-economy-report

Ngokuhlaziywa kwezinga eliphezulu kwamathuba emakethe angaba khona, uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ubheka ikhono lamakhono amasha nokuthuthukiswa komnotho kumandla olwandle. Lo mbiko ubheka amandla ezimbonini zasogwini neziseduze nogu okuhlanganisa nokunikezwa amandla okukhipha usawoti emanzini, ukusimama kogu nokulungisa izinhlekelele, ukufuywa kwezilwane zasolwandle, kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi emiphakathini engayodwa. Ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezihloko zamandla olwandle okuhlanganisa ulwelwe lwasolwandle, ukukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini, ukuqina kogu kanye nezinhlelo zamandla ezingazodwa zingatholakala. lapha.

UMichel, K. kanye no-P. Noble. (2008). Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuthutha Zasolwandle. Ibhuloho 38:2, 33-40.

UMichel kanye noNoble baxoxa ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ezenzweni ezintsha ezinkulu embonini yemikhumbi yezentengiselwano yasolwandle. Ababhali bagcizelela isidingo semikhuba ehambisana nemvelo. Izindawo ezinkulu zezingxoxo ku-athikili zifaka izinqubo zamanje zemboni, ukwakheka kwemikhumbi, ukuzulazula, kanye nokuqaliswa ngempumelelo kobuchwepheshe obusafufusa. Ukuthumela ngemikhumbi nokuhweba kuyimbangela enkulu yokukhula kolwandle kanye nokuqonda ezokuthutha olwandle kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe Umnotho Oluhlaza Osimeme.

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7. Ukukhula Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Soma, K., van den Burg, S., Hoefnagel, E., Stuiver, M., van der Heide, M. (2018 January). I-Social Innovation- Indlela Yekusasa Yokukhula Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Inqubomgomo Yasolwandle. Isiqephu 87: p. 363 - ikhasi. 370. Ithathwe ku: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/

Ukukhula okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okunobuhlakani njengoba kuhlongozwe yi-European Union kuhloswe ukuheha ubuchwepheshe obusha nemibono enomthelela ophansi endaweni ezungezile, kuyilapho kucatshangelwa ukuxhumana komphakathi okudingekayo ukuze kube nezinqubo ezizinzile. Ocwaningweni lokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini e-Dutch North Sea abacwaningi bahlonze izinqubo ezingazuza emisha kuyilapho kubhekwa izimo zengqondo, ukubambisana okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nemiphumela ehloliwe yesikhathi eside endaweni ezungezile. Nakuba kusekhona izinselelo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuthengwa kwabakhiqizi basekhaya, i-athikili igqamisa ukubaluleka kwesici somphakathi emnothweni oluhlaza.

Lillebø, AI, Pita, C., Garcia Rodrigues, J., Ramos, S., Villasante, S. (2017, July) Isevisi ye-Marine Ecosystem ingasekela kanjani i-Blue Growth Agenda? Inqubomgomo Yasolwandle (81) 132-142. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0308597X16308107?via%3Dihub

I-European Union's Blue Growth Agenda ibheka ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza zemvelo olwandle ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemanzini, i-blue biotechnology, amandla aluhlaza kanye nokuhlinzekwa ngokomzimba kokumbiwa kwezimbiwa zasolwandle kanye nezokuvakasha konke. Le mikhakha yonke incike ezinhlelweni ezinempilo zasolwandle nasogwini okungenzeka kuphela ngokulawula nokugcinwa ngendlela efanele kwezinsiza zemvelo. Ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi amathuba okukhula okuluhlaza okotshani adinga ukuzulazula kokuhwebelana phakathi kwemikhawulo yezomnotho, yezenhlalo, neyemvelo, nakuba intuthuko izohlomula ngomthetho owengeziwe wokuphatha.

Virdin, J. kanye noPatil, P. (eds.). (2016). Ibheke Emnothweni Oluhlaza: Isithembiso Sokukhula Okusimeme e-Caribbean. IBhange Lomhlaba. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/25061/Demystifying0t0the0Caribbean0Region.pdf

Idizayinelwe abenzi bezinqubomgomo ngaphakathi kwesifunda sase-Caribbean, lesi sihloko sisebenza njengokubuka konke okuphelele komqondo weBlue Economy. Izifunda nezindawo zase-Caribbean zixhunywe ngaphakathi kuzisetshenziswa zemvelo zoLwandle lwe-Caribbean futhi ukuqonda nokulinganisa imithelela yezomnotho kubalulekile ekukhuleni okuzinzile noma okulinganayo. Lo mbiko usebenza njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlola amandla eqiniso olwandle njengendawo yomnotho kanye nenjini yokukhula, kuyilapho utusa nezinqubomgomo zokuphatha kangcono ukusetshenziswa okuzinzile kolwandle nolwandle.

Isikhwama seWorld Wildlife Fund. (2015, Ephreli 22). Ukuvuselela Umnotho Wasolwandle. I-WWF International Production. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/reviving-the-oceans-economy-the-case-for-action-2015

Ulwandle lunegalelo elikhulu emnothweni womhlaba futhi kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokukhuphula ukongiwa okusebenzayo kwezindawo ezihlala ogwini nezasolwandle kuwo wonke amazwe. Lo mbiko uqokomisa izenzo eziyisishagalombili ezihlanganisa, isidingo sokwamukela Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme zeNhlangano Yezizwe, ukunciphisa ukungcola ukuze kubhekwane ne-acidity olwandle, ukuphatha ngempumelelo okungenani amaphesenti ayi-10 ezindawo zasolwandle kuwo wonke amazwe, ukuqonda ukuvikelwa kwezindawo kanye nokuphathwa kwezindawo zokudoba, izindlela ezifanele zamazwe ngamazwe ukuxoxisana nokusebenzisana, ukuthuthukisa ubambiswano phakathi kwezinkampani ezizimele nezikahulumeni ezicabangela ukuphila kahle komphakathi, ukuthuthukisa ukubalwa kwezimali okusobala nokusesidlangalaleni kwezinzuzo zolwandle, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwe inkundla yamazwe ngamazwe yokusekela nokwabelana ngolwazi lolwandle olusekelwe kudatha. Ngokuhlangene lezi zenzo zingavuselela umnotho wolwandle futhi ziholele ekubuyiselweni kolwandle.

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8. Uhulumeni Kazwelonke kanye Nesenzo Senhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe

I-Africa Blue Economy Forum. (Juni 2019). I-Africa Blue Economy Forum Concept Note. Blue Jay Communication Ltd., London. PDF

Ifomu lesibili Lomnotho Oluhlaza Wase-Afrika ligxile ezinseleleni nasemathubeni okukhula komnotho wasolwandle e-Afrika, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezimboni zendabuko nezisafufusa, kanye nokugqugquzela ukusimama ngokuthuthukiswa komnotho oyindilinga. Iphuzu elikhulu okwakhulunywa ngalo kwaba izinga eliphezulu lokungcoliswa kolwandle. Izinkampani eziningi ezisunguliwe seziqalile ukubhekana nenkinga yokungcoliswa kolwandle, kodwa lezi zivame ukuntula imali yokukhulisa izimboni.

I-Commonwealth Blue Charter. (2019). Blue Economy. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: https://thecommonwealth.org/blue-economy.

Kunobudlelwane obuseduze phakathi kolwandle, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nempilo enhle yabantu bomhlaba wonke okwenza kube sobala ukuthi kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo. Imodeli ye-Blue Economy ihlose ukwenza ngcono ukuphila kahle kwabantu nokulingana kwezenhlalo, kuyilapho inciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bemvelo kanye nokushoda kwemvelo. Leli khasi lewebhu ligqamisa umgomo we-Blue Charter wokusiza amazwe ukuthi athuthukise indlela edidiyelwe yokwakha umnotho oluhlaza.

IKomidi Lezobuchwepheshe Lenkomfa Yomnotho Osimeme. (2018, Disemba). Umbiko wokugcina weNkomfa Yomnotho Osimeme. Nairobi, Kenya Novemba 26-28, 2018. PDF

Ingqungquthela yomhlaba wonke ye-Sustainable Blue Economy Conference, ebiseNairobi, eKenya, igxile ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme okuhlanganisa ulwandle, izilwandle, amachibi, nemifula ngokwe-Ajenda yeZizwe Ezihlangene yowezi-2030. Abahlanganyeli basukela ezinhloko zezifundazwe nabamele izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kuya emkhakheni wamabhizinisi nabaholi bomphakathi, abethulwe ocwaningweni futhi bahambela izinkundla. Umphumela wengqungquthela kwaba ukudalwa Kwesitatimende saseNairobi Senhloso Yokuthuthukisa Umnotho Oluhlaza Osimeme.

IBhange Lomhlaba. (2018, Okthoba 29). Ukukhishwa kwe-Sovereign Blue Bond: Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa. Iqembu leBhange Lomhlaba. Kubuyiswe kusuka:  https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/10/29/ sovereign-blue-bond-issuance-frequently-asked-questions

I-Blue Bond isikweletu esikhishwe ohulumeni namabhange entuthuko ukuze kuqoqwe imali kubatshalizimali abathintekayo ukuze kuxhaswe amaphrojekthi asekelwe olwandle nasolwandle anezinzuzo ezinhle zemvelo, ezomnotho kanye nesimo sezulu. IRiphabhulikhi yaseSeychelles yaba ngeyokuqala ukukhipha i-Blue Bond, yasungula Isikhwama Semali Eyizigidi ezi-3 zama-Blue Grants kanye ne-Blue Investment Fund engu-$12 million ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukudoba okusimeme.

I-Africa Blue Economy Forum. (2018). Umbiko wokugcina we-Africa Blue Economy 2018. I-Blue Jay Communication Ltd., London. PDF

Isithangami esizinze e-London sihlanganise ochwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni ukuze baveze amasu ahlukahlukene amazwe ase-Afrika e-Blue Economy kumongo we-Ajenda 2063 yeNhlangano Yamazwe ase-Afrika kanye Nezinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme zeNhlangano Yezizwe (ama-SDG). Izihloko zengxoxo zazihlanganisa ukudoba okungekho emthethweni nokungalawulwa, ezokuphepha zasolwandle, ukubusa kolwandle, amandla, ezohwebo, ezokuvakasha, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Isithangami saphetha ngokuhlaba ikhwelo lokuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuqalisa izinqubo ezisebenzayo ezisimeme.

Ikhomishini YaseYurophu (2018). Umbiko Wonyaka Wezomnotho Wango-2018 nge-EU Blue Economy. I-European Union Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ 2018-annual-economic-report-on-blue-economy_en.pdf

Umbiko wonyaka unikeza incazelo enemininingwane yobukhulu kanye nobubanzi bomnotho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka mayelana ne-European Union. Inhloso yalo mbiko ukuhlonza nokusebenzisa amandla ezilwandle zaseYurophu, ugu nolwandle ukuze kukhule umnotho. Umbiko uhlanganisa izingxoxo zomthelela oqondile kwezenhlalo-mnotho, imikhakha yakamuva nesafufusa, izifundo eziyisibonelo ezivela emazweni angamalungu e-EU mayelana nomsebenzi wezomnotho oluhlaza.

Vreÿ, Francois. (2017 May 28). Amazwe ase-Afrika Angasebenzisa Kanjani Amandla Amakhulu Olwandle Lwawo. Ingxoxo. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku: http://theconversation.com/how-african-countries-can-harness-the-huge-potential-of-their-oceans-77889.

Izindaba zokubusa nokuvikeleka ziyadingeka ukuze kube nezingxoxo ze-Blue Economy zamazwe ase-Afrika ukuze kuzuzwe izinzuzo eziqinile zezomnotho. Ubugebengu obufana nokudoba okungekho emthethweni, ubugebengu basolwandle, ukugebenga kuhlonyiwe, ukushushumbisa, kanye nokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngokungemthetho kwenza ukuthi amazwe angakwazi ukubona amandla ezilwandle zawo, ugu nolwandle. Ukusabela, kusungulwe imizamo eminingi okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana okwengeziwe kuyo yonke imingcele kazwelonke kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho kazwelonke iyasetshenziswa futhi ihambisana nesivumelwano seNhlangano Yezizwe mayelana nokuphepha olwandle.

I-World Bank Group kanye noMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho Nezenhlalakahle we-UN. (2017). Amandla Omnotho Oluhlaza: Ukwandisa Izinzuzo Zesikhathi Eside Zokusetshenziswa Okusimeme Kwezinsiza Zasolwandle Ezifundeni Ezisathuthuka Eziqhingini Ezincane Namazwe Angasogwini Kancane Athuthuke Kancane. IBhange Lomhlaba Lokwakha Nentuthuko, IBhange Lomhlaba. Kubuyiselwe kusuka ku:  https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/26843/115545.pdf

Kunenqwaba yezindlela ezibheke emnothweni oluhlaza konke okuncike ezintweni ezibalulekile endaweni kanye nekazwelonke. Lokhu kucutshungulwa ngokubheka kabanzi kweBhange Lomhlaba mayelana nabashayeli bezomnotho beBlue Economy encwadini yabo ephathelene namazwe asogwini angathuthukile kancane kanye neziqhingi ezincane ezisathuthuka.

Izizwe Ezihlangene. (2016). I-African Blue Economy: Incwadi Yenqubomgomo. Ikhomishini Yezomnotho Yase-Afrika. Kubuyiswe kusuka: https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/blue-eco-policy-handbook_eng_1nov.pdf

Amazwe angamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili kwamashumi amahlanu nane ase-Afrika asogwini noma eziqhingini kanti ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 okuthengwa kwempahla kanye nokuthunyelwa kwe-Afrika kwamanye amazwe kwenziwa ngolwandle okwenza izwekazi lithembele kakhulu olwandle. Le ncwajana yenqubomgomo ithatha indlela yokumela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa okusimeme nokongiwa kwemithombo yasemanzini neyasolwandle ecabangela izinsongo ezifana nokuba sengozini kwesimo sezulu, ukungavikeleki olwandle, kanye nokufinyelela okwanele kwemithombo yokwabelana. Iphepha lethula izifundo ezimbalwa ezibonisa izenzo zamanje ezithathwe amazwe ase-Afrika ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho oluhlaza. Le ncwajana iphinde ibe nomhlahlandlela wesinyathelo nesinyathelo sokuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo ye-Blue Economy, ehlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwe-ajenda, ukuxhumanisa, ukwakha ubunikazi bukazwelonke, ukubeka phambili umkhakha, ukuklanywa kwenqubomgomo, ukuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo, nokuqapha nokuhlola.

Neumann, C. kanye no-T. Bryan. (2015). I-Marine Ecosystem Services Izisekela Kanjani Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme? E-Ocean and Us - Indlela imvelo yasolwandle enempilo esekela ngayo ukufezwa Kwezinjongo Zentuthuko Eqhubekayo ze-UN. Ihlelwe nguChristian Neumann, Linwood Pendleton, Anne Kaup noJane Glavan. Izizwe Ezihlangene. Amakhasi 14-27. PDF

Izinsizakalo ze-ecosystem yasolwandle zisekela imigomo eminingi ye-United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) kusukela engqalasizinda kanye nokuhlaliswa kwabantu kuya ekuqedeni ubumpofu kanye nokunciphisa ukungalingani. Ngokuhlaziya okuhambisana nemifanekiso eyingcaca ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi ulwandle lubalulekile ekuhlinzekeni isintu futhi kufanele lube seqhulwini lapho kusebenzela ukufeza Izinjongo Zentuthuko Eqhubekayo ze-UN. Ukuzibophezela kwamazwe amaningi kuma-SDGs sekuphenduke amandla kuMnotho Oluhlaza kanye nentuthuko esimeme emhlabeni jikelele.

Cicin-Sain, B. (2015 April). Umgomo 14—Londoloza Futhi Usebenzise Ngokuzinzile Izilwandle, Izilwandle Nezinsiza Zasolwandle Ukuze Uthuthuke Okusimeme. UN Chronicle, Vol. I-LI (No.4). Kubuyiswe kusuka: http://unchronicle.un.org/article/goal-14-conserve-and-sustainably-useoceans-seas-and-marine-resources-sustainable/

Umgomo we-14 we-United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) ugqamisa isidingo sokongiwa kolwandle kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwemithombo yasolwandle. Ukwesekwa okunamandla kakhulu kokuphathwa kolwandle kuvela eziqhingini ezincane ezisathuthuka kanye namazwe athuthuke kancane athintwa kabi ubudedengu basolwandle. Izinhlelo ezibhekana ne-Goal 14 nazo zisebenzela ukuhlangabezana nezinye izinjongo ze-UN SDG eziyisikhombisa ezihlanganisa ubumpofu, ukuvikeleka kokudla, amandla, ukukhula komnotho, ingqalasizinda, ukunciphisa ukungalingani, amadolobha kanye nezindawo zokuhlaliswa kwabantu, ukusetshenziswa nokukhiqiza okusimeme, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, kanye nezindlela zokuqaliswa. kanye nokusebenzisana.

I-Ocean Foundation. (2014). Isifinyezo esivela engxoxweni ezungezayo emayelana nokukhula okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ibhulogi etafuleni eliyindilinga e-House of Sweden). I-Ocean Foundation. Kutholwe ngoJulayi 22, 2016. https://oceanfdn.org/summary-from-the-roundtable-discussion-on-blue-growth/

Ukulinganisa inhlalakahle yabantu kanye nebhizinisi ukudala ukukhula okubuyisela kanye nedatha ephathekayo kubalulekile ukuze siqhubekele phambili neBlue Growth. Leli phepha liyisifinyezo semihlangano nezingqungquthela eziningi mayelana nesimo solwandle lomhlaba esingethwe uhulumeni waseSweden ngokubambisana ne-The Ocean Foundation.

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