Amazwe Ahlulekayo Ngezibophezelo Zokuvikela Ushaka

Monaco, Disemba 13, 2018. Amazwe amaningi awaphili ngokuvumelana nezibopho zokuvikela ushaka nemisebe ezenziwe ngaphansi kwe-Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), ngokusho kwabalondolozi bemvelo. Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele okukhishwe namuhla ngabakwaShark Advocates International (SAI), Sharks Ahead, kubonisa izenzo zikazwelonke nezesifunda zezinhlobo ezingu-29 zoshaka nemisebe ezibalwe ngaphansi kwe-CMS kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2014. Emhlanganweni we-CMS ogxile kushaka kuleli sonto, ababhali bagqamisa abakutholile. futhi wenze izingcingo eziphuthumayo zokuthi:

"Sikhombisa ukuthi ukufakwa ohlwini kwezinhlobo zoshaka nemisebe ngaphansi kwe-CMS kuyadlula ukuqaliswa kwezibopho ezibalulekile zokuvikela lezi zilwane - ikakhulukazi ekudobeni ngokweqile - okuza nokufakwa ohlwini," kusho omunye umbhali, uJulia Lawson, umfundi we-PhD eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia. USanta Barbara kanye nozakwethu we-SAI. "Amaphesenti angu-28 kuphela ahlangabezana nazo zonke izibopho zawo ze-CMS zokuvikela ngokuqinile izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emanzini awo."

Oshaka nemisebe basengozini ngokwemvelo futhi basengozini ikakhulukazi. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zidotshwa ezindaweni eziningi, okwenza izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zibe ukhiye empilweni yabantu. I-CMS yisivumelwano somhlaba wonke esihloselwe ukongiwa kwezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo. Amaqembu angu-126 e-CMS azibophezele ekuvikeleni ngokuqinile izinhlobo ezisohlwini lwe-Appendix I, futhi asebenze emhlabeni wonke ekulondolozeni lezo ezisohlwini lweSithasiselo II.

“Ukungenzi lutho kwamazwe angamalungu kumosha amandla alesi sivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokuthuthukisa ukongiwa koshaka nemisebe emhlabeni wonke, njengoba nje nokushabalala kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane kusondele,” kusho uSonja Fordham, umbhali kanye nomongameli weShark Advocates International. “Ukudoba kuwusongo olukhulu koshaka nemisebe futhi kufanele kuqondiswe ngqo ukuze kuvikeleke ikusasa eliqhakazile lalezi zilwane ezisengozini, eziwusizo.”

Izinkinga ezilandelayo eziphuthumayo ziyaqhubeka koshaka nemisebe esohlwini lwe-CMS:

I-Atlantic makos ibheke ekuweni: I-shortfin mako shark yafakwa ohlwini ngaphansi kwe-CMS Appendix II eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Isibalo sabantu baseNyakatho ne-Atlantic manje sesinciphile futhi ukudoba ngokweqile kuyaqhubeka naphezu kwesinyathelo sango-2017 seKhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokongiwa kwe-Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) yokukumisa ngokushesha. Cishe uhhafu wamaQembu e-ICCAT nawo angamaqembu e-CMS futhi nokho akekho kuwo oseke wahola noma wacela esidlangalaleni ukuthi kulalele iseluleko sososayensi sokuvala ukugcinwa kwama-makos aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic kanye/noma ukuvala okudotshiweyo eNingizimu ye-Atlantic. Njengamaqembu e-CMS kanye nezizwe ezinkulu ezidobayo ze-mako, i-European Union ne-Brazil kufanele ihole imizamo yokusungula imingcele ye-mako ekhonkolo eNyakatho ne-South Atlantic, ngokulandelana.

Ama-sawfishes asonqenqemeni lokuqothulwa: Ama-sawfishes asengozini kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zoshaka nemisebe. I-Kenya ihlongoze futhi yavikela ukufakwa kuhlu kwe-CMS kweSithasiselo I sezinhlanzi ezisaha ngo-2014, kodwa nokho ayikasifezi isibopho esihlobene sokuvikela izwe lonke. I-Sawfish isengozini enkulu yokushabalala eMpumalanga Afrika. Usizo lokusungula nokusebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwe-sawfish ludingeka ngokushesha eKenya kanye naseMozambique naseMadagascar.

Isando esisengozini sisadotshwa. Oshaka abane-scalloped nabakhulu be-hammerhead bahlukaniswa yi-IUCN njengabasengcupheni yokushabalala emhlabeni wonke kodwa abasadotshwa ezifundeni eziningi ezihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu ye-Latin America. Imizamo ye-United States kanye ne-European Union yokuvikela ama-hammerheads asohlwini lwe-Appendix II ngomkhakha wezokudoba wesifunda sase-Eastern Tropical Pacific kuze kube manje iye yavinjwa i-Costa Rica, i-CMS Party.

Izinzuzo ze-Manta ray ecotourism aziziswa ngokugcwele. I-Seychelles izibeka njengomholi emnothweni oluhlaza. Imisebe ye-Manta iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ngabatshuzi, futhi inamandla amakhulu okusekela izinzuzo zezomnotho ezisimeme, ezingakhiqizi. I-Seychelles, Iphathi ye-CMS, kusamele ivikele lezi zinhlobo ezisohlwini lwe-Appendix I. Eqinisweni, inyama ye-manta isengatholakala ezimakethe zezinhlanzi zaseSeychelles, eminyakeni engaphezu kweyisikhombisa ngemva kokufakwa ohlwini.

Iziphathimandla zezokudoba nezemvelo azikhulumisani kahle. Ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokuphatha izindawo zokudoba, kukhona ukuqashelwa okuncane kwezibopho zokongiwa koshaka nemisebe ezenziwa ngezivumelwano zemvelo ezifana ne-CMS. INingizimu Afrika isungule inqubo esemthethweni yokuxoxisana kanye nokuvumelanisa izibopho ezinjalo kuzo zonke izinhlaka zikahulumeni ezifanele enikeza isibonelo esihle sokuvala leli gebe.

Oshaka Phambili ihlanganisa izindlela zokongiwa kwezilwane zasekhaya ze-CMS Parties zoshaka nemisebe ezisohlwini ngaphansi kwe-CMS Appendix I ngaphambi kuka-2017: ushaka omhlophe omkhulu, zonke izinhlanzi ezisaha amasaha ezinhlanu, yomibili imisebe ye-manta, yonke imisebe yodeveli eyisishiyagalolunye, kanye noshaka oshisayo. Ababhali baphinde bahlola inqubekelaphambili yesifunda ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano zokudoba oshaka nemisebe esohlwini lweSithasiselo II ngalesi sikhathi esifanayo: ushaka womkhomo, i-porbeagle, i-northern hemisphere spiny dogfish, womabili ama-makos, ama-thresher amathathu, ama-hammerhead amabili, noshaka osilika.

Ababhali bacaphuna ukuntuleka kwendlela yokuthobela imithetho, ukudideka ngezibopho ze-CMS, umthamo onganele phakathi kwamazwe asathuthuka kanye ne-CMS Secretariat, kanye nokuntuleka kokugxeka okugxilwe ngamaqembu okulondoloza imvelo njengezithiyo ezibalulekile ekugcwaliseni izibopho ze-CMS. Ngaphandle kokuvikela okuqinile kwabo bonke oshaka nemisebe e-Appendix I, ababhali batusa:

Oxhumana naye wezindaba: Patricia Roy: [i-imeyili ivikelwe], +34 696 905 907.

I-Shark Advocates International iphrojekthi engenzi nzuzo ye-The Ocean Foundation ezinikele ekutholeni izinqubomgomo ezisekelwe kwisayensi zoshaka nemisebe. www.sharkadvocates.org

Monaco, Disemba 13, 2018. Namuhla i-Shark Advocates International (SAI) ikhiphe i-Sharks Ahead, umbiko oveza ukuthi amazwe ayasilela ezibophweni zawo zokuvikela izinhlobo zoshaka nemisebe ngokusebenzisa i-Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). I-Shark Trust, i-Project AWARE, kanye ne-Defenders of Wildlife ibambisana ne-SAI emizamweni yokukhuthaza ukuqaliswa okufanele kwalezi zibopho zokongiwa kwemvelo futhi bawugunyazile umbiko we-SAI. Ochwepheshe boshaka abavela kulezi zinhlangano banikeza izitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana nokutholwe yilo mbiko:

“Sikhathazeke kakhulu ngokungabi bikho kwenqubekelaphambili yokuvikela ama-shortfin makos asengozini ekudobeni ngokweqile,” kusho u-Ali Hood, uMqondisi Wezokongiwa kwe-Shark Trust. “Eminyakeni eyishumi ngemva kokufakwa ohlwini ku-CMS Appendix II, loshaka ofuduka kakhulu akakabi ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izilinganiso zokudoba zamazwe ngamazwe noma imingcele eyisisekelo ezweni elihlala kakhulu: iSpain. Sicela i-European Commission ukuthi ithathe isinyathelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kule nyanga - lapho ibeka inani lezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezibalulekile - futhi ivimbela ukufika kwe-North Atlantic shortfin mako, njengoba belulekwa ososayensi."

“Imisebe ye-Manta ihlukile ngokuba sengozini kwayo ngokwemvelo, isimo sayo njengezilwane okufanele zivikelwe ngokuqinile Amaqembu e-CMS, kanye nokuthandwa kwayo kubavakashi,” kusho u-Ian Campbell, Umqondisi Ohambisana Nenqubomgomo We-Project AWARE. “Okubuhlungu wukuthi ama-manta ray asaqhubeka nokudotshwa ngokusemthethweni emazweni nawo azibophezele ukuwavikela futhi angakwazi ukweseka ezokuvakasha olwandle. Amazwe anjengeSeychelles ahlomula ngokwezomnotho kwezokuvakasha ezisekelwe emanta kodwa angenza okwengeziwe ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuvikela izwe lama-manta njengengxenye yamasu awo okuthuthukisa 'umnotho oluhlaza'.”

"Lo mbiko ugcizelela ukukhungatheka kwethu kwesikhathi eside ngokuqhubeka nokudoba ama-hammerheads asengozini," kusho u-Alejandra Goyenechea, Umeluleki Omkhulu Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wabavikeli Bezilwane Zasendle. "Sinxusa iCosta Rica ukuthi isebenzisane ne-US kanye ne-EU emizamweni yokusungula izivikelo ze-hammerhead zesifunda sase-Pacific eshisayo futhi sibabize ukuthi bajoyine iPanama neHonduras ukuze bafeze izibopho zabo zabo bonke oshaka abafudukayo nemisebe esohlwini lwe-CMS."

Umbiko kwabezindaba we-SAI onesixhumanisi sombiko ogcwele, Oshaka Abasengaphambili: Ukubona Amandla Engqungquthela Yezilwane Ezifudukayo Ukuze Ulondoloze Ama-Elasmobranch, ifakwe lapha: https://bit.ly/2C9QrsM 

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Lapho Ukulondolozwa Kwemvelo Kuhlangana Nokuzijabulisa℠ projectaware.org

I-Shark Trust iyinhlangano esiza abantulayo yase-UK esebenzela ukuvikela ikusasa loshaka ngoshintsho oluhle. sharktrust.org

I-Defenders of Wildlife izinikele ekuvikeleni zonke izilwane zomdabu nezitshalo emiphakathini yazo yemvelo. defenders.org

I-Shark Advocates International iwuhlelo lwe-The Ocean Foundation olunikezelwe kwizinqubomgomo ezisekelwe kwisayensi zikashaka nemisebe. sharkadvocates.org