I-Deep Seabed Minerals Awakwazi Ukusekela Uguquko Oluluhlaza: Ingxenye 2

Siqhubekela kuMnotho Oyindilinga

I-EV, ibhethri, nabakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi; ohulumeni; nezinye izinhlangano zisebenzela - futhi zikhuthaza abanye ukuthi bamukele - umnotho oyindilinga. Umnotho oyindilinga, noma umnotho osuselwe ezinqubweni zokubuyisela esimweni noma zokuvuselela kabusha, yenza izinsiza zikwazi ukugcina inani lazo eliphakeme kakhulu isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ihlose ukuqeda udoti. 

Umbiko wakamuva ukhombisa nje 8.6% zezinto zomhlaba ziyingxenye yomnotho oyindilinga.

Ukunakwa komhlaba wonke ezindleleni zamanje zokumbiwa kwezinsiza okungalawuleki kuveza isidingo sokwandisa leli phesenti futhi kuzuze izinzuzo zomnotho oyindilinga. Amandla emali engenayo yomnotho oyindilinga we-EV alinganiselwa ukuthi angafinyelela $ 10 billion ku-2030. I-World Economics Forum ilindele ukuthi imakethe yama-elekthronikhi yabathengi ifinyelele ku-$1.7 trillion ngo-2024, kodwa okugqamile okukhombisa izifundo kuphela. U-20% wemfucuza kagesi igaywa kabusha. Umnotho oyindilinga wama-elekthronikhi ungakhuphula lelo phesenti, futhi ngokuhlaziywa kwesibonelo sama-smartphones, izinto zokuphinda zigaywe ezivela kuma-smartphones kuphela kulindeleke ukuthi zikhiqize inani lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-11.5. 

Ingqalasizinda ye-EV kanye ne-electronics circular economies ibone ukunakwa nokuba ngcono kule minyaka embalwa edlule.

Inkampani ka-Tesla Co-umsunguli we-Redwood Materials ka-JB Straubel izosebenzisa u-$3.5 billion ukwakha isitshalo esisha sokuvuselela ibhethri le-EV kanye nezinto zokwakha e-Nevada. Lesi sitshalo sihlose ukusebenzisa i-nickel egaywe kabusha, i-cobalt, ne-manganese ukudala izingxenye zebhethri, ikakhulukazi ama-anode nama-cathodes. I-Solvay, inkampani yamakhemikhali, kanye ne-Veolia, ibhizinisi lezinsiza, bahlanganyele ukuze bathuthuke i-circular economic consortium ngezinsimbi zebhethri ze-LFP. Le nhlangano ihlose ukusiza ekwakhiweni kochungechunge lwenani lokugaywa kabusha. 

Ucwaningo lwakamuva luphinde luveze ukuthi ngo-2050, I-45-52% ye-cobalt, i-22-27% ye-lithium, kanye ne-40-46% ye-nickel ingahlinzekwa ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha. Ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto ezivela ezimotweni namabhethri kuzonciphisa ukuncika emhlabeni jikelele ezintweni ezisanda kumbiwa kanye nezimayini zasemhlabeni. U-Clarios ubonise ukuthi ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri kufanele kucatshangelwe njengengxenye yomklamo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwebhethri, okukhuthaza abakhiqizi ukuthi bathwale umthwalo wemfanelo wokuphela kwempilo yomkhiqizo.

Izinkampani zama-elekthronikhi nazo ziqhubekela phambili ekujikelezeni futhi ngokufanayo zicabangela ukuphela kwempilo yemikhiqizo.

Ngo-2017, i-Apple yazibekela imigomo yokuzuza umnotho oyindilinga ongu-100% futhi yandise umgomo wayo wemikhiqizo ye-Apple. ukuze ingabi ne-carbon neutral ngo-2030. Inkampani isebenza ukuze hlanganisa ukucatshangelwa kokuphela kwempilo ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo nasekutholeni izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezivuselelekayo kuphela. I-apula Ukuhweba Uhlelo luvumele ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwemishini nezinsiza eziyizigidi eziyi-12.2 ngabanikazi abasha, futhi irobhothi lesimanje le-Apple elihlakaza liyakwazi ukuhlunga nokususa izingxenye ezihlukene zamadivayisi we-Apple ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe futhi zigaywe kabusha. I-Apple, i-Google, ne-Samsung nazo zisebenzela ukunciphisa udoti kagesi ngokunikeza abathengi ikhaya amakhithi wokuzilungisa.

Lezi zinkampani zisekelwa izinqubomgomo nezinhlaka ezintsha ezihloselwe ukwakha umnotho oyindilinga.

Uhulumeni wase-US usebenzela ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-EV yasekhaya ngokutshalwa kwezimali kuka-$3 billion, futhi umemezele uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri oluyizigidi ezingama-$60. I-US esanda kudlula Umthetho Wokwehliswa Kokwehla kwamandla emali ka-2022 kufaka phakathi izikhuthazo zokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezigaywe kabusha. 

I-European Commission iphinde yakhipha a Isiyingi Se-Arhente Yomsebenzi Wezomnotho ngo-2020, ibiza ukumoswa okuncane kanye nenani elengeziwe ngohlaka olusha lokulawula lwamabhethri. Idalwe yi-European Commission, i-European Battery Alliance iwukuhlanganyela kwe abangaphezu kuka-750 baseYurophu nabangewona abaseYurophu ababambiqhaza ochungechungeni lwenani lebhethri. Umnotho oyindilinga, nokusungulwa kwebhethri, kokubili kubonisa ukuthi i-DSM ayidingeki ukuze kufinyelelwe uguquko oluluhlaza.