Simemezela i-Boyd Lyon Scholar yango-2024

Minyaka yonke, iBoyd Lyon Sea Turtle Fund isingatha umfundaze womfundi wesayensi yebhayoloji yasolwandle ocwaningo lwakhe lugxile ezimfudumeni zasolwandle. Ophumelele kulo nyaka nguJaime Restrepo.

Funda isifinyezo sakhe socwaningo ngezansi:

Background

Izimfudu zasolwandle zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene zemvelo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wazo wokuphila; ngokuvamile bahlala ezindaweni ezichaziwe futhi bathuthela engxenyeni yonyaka baye emabhishi akhiqiza izidleke uma sebesebenza ngokuzala (Shimada et al. 2020). Ukuhlonzwa kwezindawo ezihlukene ezisetshenziswa izimfudu zasolwandle kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwazo kuyisihluthulelo sokubeka phambili ukuvikelwa kwezindawo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziyafeza indima yazo yezemvelo (Troëng et al. 2005, Ikhofi et al. 2020). Izinhlobo ezifudukayo kakhulu ezifana nezimfudu zasolwandle, zincike ezindaweni ezibalulekile ukuze zikhule. Ngakho-ke, amasu okulondoloza okuvikela lezi zilwane azophumelela kuphela njengesimo sesixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kunazo zonke endleleni efudukayo. I-satellite telemetry yenze lula ukuqondwa kwemvelo yendawo kanye nokuziphatha kokufuduka kwezimfudu zasolwandle futhi yanikeza ukuqonda ngebhayoloji yazo, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo kanye nokongiwa (Wallace et al. 2010). Esikhathini esedlule, ukulandelela izidleke zomfudu kuye kwakhanyisa amaphasishi afudukayo futhi kwasiza ekutholeni izindawo zokudla (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Naphezu kwevelu enkulu ye-satellite telemetry ecwaninga ukunyakaza kwezinhlobo zezilwane, enye inselelo enkulu izindleko eziphezulu zama-transmitter, ngokuvamile aholela kumasayizi amasampula alinganiselwe. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nselele, ukuhlaziywa kwe-isotope okuzinzile (SIA) kwezinto ezivamile ezitholakala emvelweni kube ithuluzi eliwusizo lokuhlonza izindawo ezixhunywe ukunyakaza kwezilwane ezindaweni zasolwandle. Ukunyakaza okufudukayo kungalandelelwa ngokusekelwe kuma-gradients wendawo kumanani e-isotopu abakhiqizi abayinhloko (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Ukusatshalaliswa kwama-isotopes ezindabeni ze-organic kanye ne-inorganic kungabikezelwa kuchaza izimo zemvelo kuzo zonke izikali zendawo nezesikhashana, kudala indawo yezwe ye-isotopic noma ama-isoscape. Lezi zimpawu zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo zibangelwa imvelo ngokudluliswa kwe-trophic, ngakho-ke zonke izilwane ezisendaweni ethile zilebula ngaphandle kokuthi zibanjwe futhi zimakwe (McMahon et al. 2013). Lezi zici zenza amasu e-SIA asebenze kakhudlwana futhi angabizi kakhulu, okuvumela ukufinyelela kusayizi wesampula enkudlwana, nokwandisa ukumeleleka kwenani labantu elihloliwe. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza i-SIA ngokuthatha isampula kwezimfudu ezizalelayo kunganikeza ithuba lokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwensiza ezindaweni ezifuna ukudla ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuzalanisa (Witteveen 2009). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhathanisa izibikezelo ze-isoscape ezisekelwe ku-SIA ezivela kumasampuli aqoqwe kuyo yonke indawo yocwaningo, nedatha yokuqaphela etholwe ezifundweni zangaphambilini zokuthwebula kabusha uphawu kanye nesethelayithi telemetry, ingasetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe ukuxhumana kwendawo ku-biogeochemical, kanye nezinhlelo ze-ecology. Ngakho-ke le ndlela ifaneleka kahle ocwaningweni lwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingase zingatholakali kubacwaningi isikhathi esibalulekile sokuphila kwabo (McMahon et al. 2013). I-Tortuguero National Park (TNP), ogwini lweCaribbean olusenyakatho yeCosta Rica, iwubhishi olukhulu kunawo wonke lokuzalela izimfudu zasolwandle oLwandle lweCaribbean (Seminoff et al. 2015; Restrepo et al. 2023). Idatha yokubuyisela umaka evela ekuthathweni kabusha kwamazwe ngamazwe ikhombe amaphethini okusabalalisa ngemva kokuzalela kusukela kulesi sibalo sabantu kulo lonke elase-Costa Rica, nakwamanye amazwe angu-19 esifundeni (Troëng et al. 2005). Ngokomlando, imisebenzi yocwaningo eTortuguero ibigxile enyakatho ye-8 km yolwandle (Carr et al. 1978). Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2002, izimfudu eziyishumi ezifakwe ngesathelayithi ezikhishwe kulesi sigaba solwandle zahamba zaya enyakatho ezindaweni zokudla eziseduze kwaseNicaragua, Honduras, naseBelize (Troëng et al. 2005). Nakuba, ulwazi lokubuyisela ithegi yamaphiko lunikeze ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi abesifazane baqala uhambo olude lokufuduka, eminye imizila ayikabonwa ekuhambeni kwezimfudu ezimakwe ngesathelayithi (Troëng et al. 2005). Ukugxila kwendawo okungamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili kwezifundo zangaphambilini kungenzeka ukuthi kuchemile ingxenye ehlobene yezindlela ezifudukayo ezibonwayo, kukhuluphele kakhulu ukubaluleka kwemizila yokufudukela esenyakatho nezindawo zokudla. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuhlola ukuxhumana okufudukayo kwesibalo sofudu oluluhlaza lwase-Tortuguero, ngokuhlola amanani e-isotopic ekhabhoni (δ 13C) kanye ne-nitrogen (δ 15N) yezindawo ezibeka ukudla ezidlayo kulo lonke uLwandle lwe-Caribbean.

Imiphumela elindelekile

Ngenxa yemizamo yethu yokuthatha amasampula sesivele siqoqile amasampula ezicubu ezingaphezu kuka-800 avela ezimfuduni eziluhlaza. Eziningi zazo zivela e-Tortuguero, okuqoqwe isampula ezindaweni ezidlayo kuzoqedwa unyaka wonke. Ngokusekelwe ku-SIA kusukela kumasampuli aqoqwe kuso sonke isifunda, sizokhiqiza imodeli ye-isoscape yezimfudu eziluhlaza e-Caribbean, sethula izindawo ezihlukile zamanani angu-δ13C kanye no-δ15N ezindaweni zokuhlala zotshani basolwandle (McMahon et al. 2013; Vander Zanden et al. 2015) . Le modeli izobe isisetshenziselwa ukuhlola izindawo ezihambisanayo zokubumba izidleke zezimfudu eziluhlaza e-Tortuguero, ngokusekelwe ku-SIA yazo ngayinye.