Ukuhlomisa Ososayensi Nemiphakathi
I-Ocean Foundation Yakha Kanjani Ukusimama Kolwandle Nesimo Sezulu Emhlabeni Wonke
Embulungeni yonke, ulwandle lushintsha ngokushesha. Futhi njengoba ishintsha, izilwane zasolwandle kanye nemiphakathi ethembele kuyo kufanele ihlonyiswe ngamathuluzi okuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Amandla esayensi yolwandle yasendaweni ayadingeka ukuze kunikwe amandla ukuncishiswa okuphumelelayo. Eyethu I-Ocean Science Equity Initiative isekela ososayensi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, kanye nemiphakathi ngokuqapha nokuhlaziya izinguquko zolwandle, ukusebenzelana nozakwethu, nokusiza ukushaya umthetho. Sisebenzela ukuthuthukisa inqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke nezinhlaka zocwaningo futhi sandise ukufinyelela kumathuluzi avumela ososayensi ukuthi baqonde futhi baphendule.
Silwela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izwe ngalinye linesu eliqinile lokuqapha nokunciphisa, eliqhutshwa ochwepheshe bendawo ukuze kubhekwane nezidingo zendawo. Isinyathelo sethu yindlela esisiza ngayo ukwakha isayensi, inqubomgomo namandla okusebenza ochwepheshe emhlabeni wonke nasemazweni abo asekhaya.
GOA-ON Ebhokisini
The GOA-ON Ebhokisini iyikhithi ebiza kancane esetshenziselwa ukuqoqa izilinganiso zekhwalithi yesimo sezulu se-acidification yolwandle. Lawa makhithi asatshalaliswe kososayensi emazweni ayishumi nesithupha e-Afrika, e-Pacific Small Island Developing States, kanye naseLatin America.
pCO2 ukuze uhambe
Ulwandle luyashintsha, kodwa kusho ukuthini lokho ngezinhlobo ezilubiza ngokuthi ikhaya? Futhi-ke, sisabela kanjani kuleyo mithelela esizozizwa ngenxa yalokho? Odabeni lwe-ocean acidification, ama-oyster asephenduke kokubili i-canary emayini yamalahle kanye nogqozi lokushayela ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi amasha okusisiza ukuthi saneliseke ngalolu shintsho.
Ngo-2009, abalimi be-oyster ngasogwini olusentshonalanga ye-US babhekana nakho izingozi ezinkulu zokufa ezindaweni zabo zokuchanyuselwa kanye nemfuyo yemvelo.
Umphakathi wocwaningo lwe-nascent ocean acidification walusukumela lolu daba. Ngokuhlolisisa ngokucophelela, bathola lokho i-shellfish encane inobunzima ukwakha amagobolondo abo okuqala emanzini olwandle ngasogwini. Ngaphezu kokwenziwa kwe-asidi okuqhubekayo phezu kolwandle olungaphezulu komhlaba, ugu olusentshonalanga ye-US - ngokukhuphuka kwalo kwamanzi aphansi e-pH kanye ne-acidification yendawo ebangelwa imisoco eyeqile - ayiphansi kwe-acidification ethile ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngenxa yalolu songo, ezinye izindawo zokuchanyuselwa zithuthele ezindaweni ezivumayo noma zafaka izinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokuhlola amakhemikhali emanzini.
Kodwa ezifundeni eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, amapulazi ezimbaza ahlinzeka ngokudla nemisebenzi awakwazi ukufinyelela kumathuluzi adingekayo ukuze alwe nomthelela we-acidification yolwandle embonini yawo.
Faka inselele esuka kuMphathi Wohlelo u-Alexis Valauri-Orton kuya kuDkt. Burke Hales, isazi samakhemikhali oceanographer owaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokudala amasistimu okuqapha e-OA: yakha inzwa ebiza kancane, ephathwa ngesandla ezovumela abazala ukuchanyuselwa ukuba balinganise ikhemistri yemikhiqizo yabo engenayo. amanzi olwandle futhi uwalungise ukuze udale izimo ezivumayo. Kulokho kwazalwa i pCO2 i-to Go, isistimu yezinzwa elingana entendeni yesandla futhi inikeza ukufundwa okusheshayo kwenani le-carbon dioxide encibilikisiwe emanzini olwandle (pCO2).
Isithombe: UDkt. Burke Hales usebenzisa i pCO2 ukuya ukuyokala inani le-carbon dioxide encibilikisiwe kusampula lamanzi olwandle aqoqwe ogwini lolwandle eduze ne-Resurrection Bay, AK. Izinhlobo ezibalulekile kwezamasiko nezohwebo ezifana nezimbaza ezincane zihlala kule ndawo, kanye nomklamo ophathwa ngesandla we pCO2 i-to Go iyivumela ukuthi isuke endaweni yokuchanyuselwa iye ensimini ukuze ihlole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlangabezana nazo endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinzwa eziphathwayo, njengamamitha we-pH, i pCO2 i-to Go ikhiqiza imiphumela ngokunemba okudingekayo ukuze kulinganiswe izinguquko ezibalulekile kumakhemikhali olwandle. Ngezinye izilinganiso ezimbalwa ezifinyeleleka kalula, abaqaphi bangakwazi ukufunda ukuthi i-shellfish yabo encane ibhekene nani ngaleso sikhathi futhi bathathe isinyathelo uma kudingeka.
Enye indlela ama-sheefish angasiza ngayo amagobolondo awo asemancane ukuba asinde ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuqala esisengozini kakhulu iwukuba “sivimbele” amanzi azo olwandle.
Lokhu kumelana ne-asidi yolwandle futhi kwenza kube lula ngamagobolondo akheke. Izixazululo zokubhafa zidalwe ngeresiphi okulula ukuyilandela esebenzisa amanani amancane e-sodium carbonate (soda ash), i-sodium bicarbonate (inhlanganisela esebenzayo kumathebulethi e-Alka-Seltzer), kanye ne-hydrochloric acid. Lawa ma-reagents ahlukana abe ama-ion asevele eningi emanzini olwandle. Ngakho-ke, isixazululo sebhafa asengezi lutho oluphambene nemvelo.
Ukusebenzisa pCO2 ku-Go kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lwesoftware yaselabhorethri, abasebenzi endaweni yokuchanyuselwa bangakwazi ukubala ubuningi besixazululo sebhafa abazosengeza emathangeni abo. Ngakho-ke, ngokungabizi kakhulu ukudala izimo ezingcono kakhulu ezizinzile kuze kube yilapho amanzi eshintsha. Le ndlela isetshenziswe yizindawo zokuchanyuselwa ezinkulu ezifanayo ezaqala ukubona imiphumela ye-pH encishisiwe ezibungwini zazo. I pCO2 i-to Go kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuzohlinzeka izindawo zokuchanyusela ezingenazo izinsiza ezincane nethuba elifanayo lokukhulisa izilwane zazo ngempumelelo esikhathini esizayo. Inqubo yokufaka amathangi okubhafa, kanye nemiyalelo yamacala okusetshenziswa ahlukene ale nzwa entsha, ifakiwe kubhukwana elihambisana ne pCO2 ukuhamba.
Umlingani obalulekile kulo msebenzi yi- I-Alutiiq Pride Marine Institute (APMI) eSeward, e-Alaska.
I-APMI ihlela uhlelo lwesampula le-acidification olwandle futhi ikala amasampula aqoqwe e-Native Villages ngaphesheya kwe-Alaska emaphakathi ethuluzi elibizayo le-tabletop chemistry elibizwa ngokuthi i-Burke-o-Lator. Esebenzisa lesi sipiliyoni, umphathi walebhu u-Jacqueline Ramsay uhole ukuhlolwa kwenzwa nohlelo lokusebenza oluhlobene, okuhlanganisa ukuqhathanisa amanani esampula ne-Burke-o-Lator ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingabe ukungaqiniseki kokufundwa okutholwe yi- pCO2 i-to Go ingaphakathi kwebanga olifunayo.
Isithombe: UJacqueline Ramsay, umphathi we-Alutiiq Pride Marine Institute's Ocean Acidification Research Laboratory, usebenzisa i-pCO2 ukuya ukukala inani le-carbon dioxide kusampula lamanzi aqoqwe ohlelweni lwamanzi olwandle lwendawo yokuchanyuselwa. U-Jacqueline ungumsebenzisi onolwazi we-Burke-o-Lator, ithuluzi elinembe kakhulu kodwa elibiza kakhulu lokukala amakhemikhali olwandle, futhi unikeze impendulo kusenesikhathi mayelana nokusebenza kwe-pCO.2 ukuya kumbono womabili welungu labasebenzi be-hatchery kanye nomcwaningi wamakhemikhali olwandle.
I-TOF ihlela ukuphaka pCO2 Ukuya ezindaweni zokuchanyuselwa emhlabeni wonke, okuhlinzeka ngendlela engabizi kakhulu ukuze izimboni ze-shellfish ezisengcupheni ziqhubeke nokukhiqiza izimbaza ezisencane naphezu kokuba ne-asidi eqhubekayo. Lo mzamo uwukuvela okungokwemvelo kwe-GOA-ON yethu Ebhokisini Lekhithi - esinye isibonelo sokuletha ikhwalithi ephezulu, amathuluzi angabizi kakhulu ukuze sikwazi ukusiza ozakwethu ukuba baqonde futhi baphendule ekwenzeni i-acidity yolwandle.
