Iya Kakhulu noma Yiya Ekhaya

Izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ziyazisa imizamo yokuvikela impilo nokuphila kahle kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni—kusukela emalungelweni abantu kuye ezilwaneni ezisengozini yokushabalala—izizwe zomhlaba ziye zahlangana ukuze zithole ukuthi zingawufeza kanjani lowo mgomo. 

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi nabalondolozi bemvelo bazi ukuthi izindawo zasolwandle ezivikelwe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukululama nokukhiqiza kwezinto eziphilayo olwandle. Izindawo zokulondoloza izilwane eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile imikhomo, amahlengethwa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, ezaziwa nangokuthi izindawo ezivikelekile ezincelisayo zasolwandle (ama-MMPAs) zenza lokhu kanye. Amanethiwekhi ama-MMPA aqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zivikelwe imikhomo, amahlengethwa, ama-manatee njll. Isikhathi esiningi, lezi yizindawo lapho zizalela khona, ukuzala kanye nokudla kwenzeka.

Umdlali oyinhloko kulo mzamo wokuvikela izindawo zenani elikhethekile ezilwaneni ezincelisayo zasolwandle kube yiKomidi Lamazwe Ngamazwe Lezindawo Ezivikelekile Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle. Leli qembu elingakahleleki lochwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe (ososayensi, abaphathi, ama-NGO, ama-ejensi njll.) lakha umphakathi ozinikele ekuzuzeni izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ezigxile kuma-MMPA. Izincomo ezibalulekile nezifinyelela kude zivele ezinqumweni zenkomfa ngayinye kwezine zeKomidi, okuhlanganisa iHawaii (2009), Martinique (2011), Australia (2014) kanye neMexico yakamuva. Futhi ama-MMPA amaningi asesunguliwe ngenxa yalokho.

Kodwa kuthiwani ngokuvikelwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle lapho zidlula noma zifuduka phakathi kwalezo zindawo ezibalulekile?

Lona bekuwumbuzo owakha umqondo enhliziyweni yenselelo yami yomhlangano wokuvula kulabo ababehlangene Engqungqutheleni Yesine Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezindawo Ezivikelekile Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle, eyayise-Puerto Vallarta, e-Mexico ngesonto likaNovemba 4, 14.

Ngesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe, imikhumbi yempi yangaphandle ingadlula emanzini ezwe ngaphandle kwenselele noma ukulimala uma idlula ngendlela engenacala. Futhi, ngicabanga ukuthi sonke singavuma ukuthi imikhomo namahlengethwa benza indlela engenacala uma kukhona.

Uhlaka olufanayo lukhona lwemikhumbi yezentengiselwano. Ukudlula emanzini kazwelonke kuvunyelwe ngaphansi kwemithetho nezivumelwano ezithile ezilawula ukuziphatha kwabantu okuhlobene nokuphepha kanye nemvelo. Futhi kunokuvunyelwana ngokuvamile ukuthi kuwumsebenzi womuntu ohlangene ukuvumela imikhumbi engahlosile ukulimaza. Sikulawula kanjani ukuziphatha kwethu kobuntu ukuze siqinisekise indlela ephephile nendawo enempilo yemikhomo edabula emanzini kazwelonke? Singakubiza lokho futhi njengomsebenzi?

Lapho abantu bedabula emanzini ezwe lanoma yiliphi izwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyindlela engenacala yemikhumbi yempi engahloniphi, imikhumbi yezentengiselwano, noma izikebhe zokungcebeleka, asinakubadubula, sibanqande, sibabophe futhi sibathandele, futhi ngeke sikwazi ukubadubula, sibanqande, sibabophe futhi sibathandele, futhi asikwazi ukubenza babe nobuthi ekudleni kwabo, amanzi noma umoya. Kodwa lezi yizinto, ngephutha nangenhloso, ezenzeka ezilwaneni ezincelisayo zasolwandle okungenzeka ukuthi zimsulwa kunabo bonke abadlula emanzini ethu. Pho singamisa kanjani?

Impendulo? Isiphakamiso sesikali sezwekazi! I-Ocean Foundation, i-International Fund for Animal Welfare kanye nabanye ozakwethu bafuna ukuvikela amanzi asogwini lwenkabazwe yonke ukuze izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zihambe ngokuphephile. Siphakamisa ukuqokwa kwamaphaseji ezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle “indlela ephephile” engaxhuma amanethiwekhi ethu esikali sezwekazi lezindawo ezivikelekile zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kugcinwe izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Kusukela eGlacier Bay kuya eTierra del Fuego futhi ukusuka eNova Scotia kwehle ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States, ukunqamula iCaribbean, futhi kwehle kuze kuyofika esicongweni saseNingizimu Melika, sibona ngeso lengqondo amaphaseji—acwaningwa ngokucophelela, aklanywa, futhi adwetshwa imephu— qaphela “umzila ophephile” wemikhomo eluhlaza, imikhomo, imikhomo, inqwaba yezinye izinhlobo zemikhomo namahlengethwa, ngisho nama-manatee. 

Njengoba sasihlezi kulelo gumbi lenkomfa elingenafasitela ePuerto Vallarta, sabeka izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokufeza umbono wethu. Sadlala ngamasu okuthi singaqanjwa kanjani uhlelo lwethu futhi sagcina sesivumelana 'Awu, amaphaseji amabili ezilwandle ezimbili. Noma, amaphasishi amabili ogwini olubili. Ngakho-ke, kungaba yi-2 Coasts 2 Corridors. "

Ukudala le mihubhe emibili kuzohambisana, kudidiyelwe futhi kwandise ezindaweni eziningi ezihlala izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kanye nokuvikela kule nkathi yenkabazwe. Izoxhumanisa ukuvikelwa koMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezilwane Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle e-USA nenethiwekhi yezindawo ezingcwele zesifunda ngokuvala izikhala zomhubhe wezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezifudukayo.

Lokhu kuzovumela kangcono umphakathi wethu wokuzijwayeza ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo nezinhlelo ezifanayo eziphathelene nokuthuthukiswa nokuphathwa kwezindawo zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, okuhlanganisa ukuqapha, ukuqwashisa, ukwakhiwa kwamakhono kanye nokuxhumana, kanye nokuphathwa kwasendaweni kanye nezinqubo. Lokhu kufanele kusize ukuqinisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlaka zokuphatha indawo engcwele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo. Futhi, ucwaningo lokuziphatha kwezilwane ngesikhathi sokufuduka, kanye nokuqonda kangcono izingcindezi ezibangelwa abantu nezinsongo ezibhekene nalezi zinhlobo phakathi nokufuduka okunjalo.

Sizokwenza imephu yamaphaseji bese sikhomba lapho kunezikhala khona ekuvikelekeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, sizokhuthaza ohulumeni ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ekubusweni kolwandle, umthetho kanye nenqubomgomo (ukuphathwa kwemisebenzi yabantu) ehlobene nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukungaguquguquki kwabadlali abahlukahlukene kanye nezintshisakalo ngaphakathi kwamanzi kazwelonke kanye Nezindawo Ezingaphesheya Kwendawo Yezwe ehambisana nemihubhe izochaza. 

Siyazi ukuthi sinezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezabiwe kule hemisphere. Esikushoyo ukuvikela okunqamula imingcele kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle eziyizimpawu nezisengozini. Ngenhlanhla, sinazo izivikelo ezikhona kanye nezindawo ezivikelwe. Imihlahlandlela yokuzithandela kanye nezivumelwano zokweqa imingcele zingasekela iningi lebanga. Sinentando yezombusazwe kanye nothando lomphakathi ngezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, kanye nekhono nokuzinikela kwabantu emphakathini we-MMPA wokuzijwayeza.  

Unyaka wezi-2017 uphawula iminyaka engama-45 yoMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezilwane Zasolwandle wase-US. Unyaka wezi-2018 uzohlanganisa iminyaka engama-35 selokhu samisa isimemezelo sokumisa umhlaba wonke mayelana nokudotshwa kwemikhomo ngokwezentengiselwano. I-2 Coasts 2 Corridors izodinga ukusekelwa yilelo nalelo lungu lomphakathi wethu ngezikhathi ezahlukene phakathi nenqubo. Umgomo wethu uwukuba sibe nendawo ephephile yokudlula imikhomo namahlengethwa lapho sigubha iminyaka engu-50.