Ingabe I-Sunscreen Yakho Ibulala Izixhobo Zama-Coral?

Ingabe i-sunscreen yakho ibulala izixhobo zamakhorali? Impendulo engase ibe khona, ngaphandle uma usuvele unolwazi nge-sunscreen- reef, inguyebo. Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka ocwaningo lokuthuthukisa imithi yokuvikela ilanga esebenza kahle kakhulu, kuvele ukuthi amakhemikhali aklanywe kangcono kakhulu ukukuvikela emithanjeni evuthayo kanye nomdlavuza wesikhumba ongase ube khona awushevu ezitsheni zamakhorali. Inani elincane nje lamakhemikhali athile lanele ukwenza amakhorali abe bleach, alahlekelwe umthombo wawo wamandla e-symbiotic algal futhi abe sengozini yokuthola izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Imithi yokuvikela ilanga yanamuhla ingeyezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: ezomzimba namakhemikhali. Izinto zokuvikela ilanga ezingokoqobo ziqukethe amaminerali amancane asebenza njengesihlangu esiphambukisa imisebe yelanga. Ama-sunscreens amakhemikhali asebenzisa ama-synthetic compounds abamba ukukhanya kwe-UV ngaphambi kokuba kufinyelele esikhumbeni.

Inkinga lezi zivikela-mzimba zigeza emanzini. Isibonelo, kuzo zonke izivakashi ezingu-10,000 ezijabulela amagagasi, cishe amakhilogremu angu-4 ezinhlayiya zamaminerali ageleza ogwini usuku ngalunye.¹ Lokho kungase kubonakale kukuncane uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa la maminerali ashukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide, into eyaziwa kakhulu yokufaka mhlophe, endaweni ephakeme ngokwanele ukulimaza izinto eziphilayo zasogwini.

Esinye sezithako eziyinhloko kuma-sunscreens amakhemikhali amaningi i-oxybenzone, i-molecule yokwenziwa eyaziwa ngokuthi inobuthi kumakhorali, ulwelwe, ama-urchin olwandle, izinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo. Iconsi elilodwa lale nhlanganisela emanzini angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4 lanele ukubeka izinto eziphilayo engozini.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amathani angu-14,000 e-sunscreen kukholakala ukuthi afakwa olwandle minyaka yonke ngomonakalo omkhulu otholakala ezindaweni ezidumile ezifana neHawaii neCaribbean.

Ngo-2015, i-Haereticus Environmental Laboratory engenzi nzuzo yenza inhlolovo ebhishi lase-Trunk Bay e-St. John, e-USVI, lapho abantu abafika ku-5,000 bebhukuda khona nsuku zonke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-6,000 we-sunscreen efakwa emanzini minyaka yonke.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, ithole ukuthi isilinganiso samakhilogremu angu-412 okuvikela ilanga safakwa nsuku zonke emanzini ase-Hanauma Bay, indawo edumile yokushushuluza e-Oahu edonsa isilinganiso sababhukudi abangu-2,600 ngosuku.

Izivimbelakuvunda ezithile kuma-sunscreens nazo zingaba ubuthi emizileni nakubantu. Ama-Paraben afana ne-methyl paraben evame ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-butyl paraben ama-fungicides nama-anti-bacterial agents anda impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo. I-Phenoxyethanol ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa njenge-anesthetic yezinhlanzi eziningi.

Isizwe seziqhingi zasePacific iPalau kwaba yizwe lokuqala ukuvimba ukuvikela ilanga “okunobuthi obuvela emanzini”. Isayinwe emthethweni ngo-Okthoba 2018, umthetho uvimbela ukuthengiswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-sunscreen equkethe noma yiziphi izithako ezingu-10 ezivinjelwe, okuhlanganisa i-oxybenzone. Abavakashi abaletha imikhiqizo yokuvikela ilanga evinjelwe kuleli bazothathwa, kanti amabhizinisi adayisa imikhiqizo azohlawuliswa imali efika ku-$1,000. Umthetho uzoqala ukusebenza ngo-2020.

Ngomhla lu-1 kuNhlaba, iHawaii yaphasisa umthethosivivinywa ovimbela ukuthengiswa nokusatshalaliswa kwezikhilimu zelanga eziqukethe amakhemikhali i-oxybenzone ne-octinoxate. Imithetho emisha yokuvikela ilanga yase-Hawaii izoqala ukusebenza ngomhla ka-Jan. 1, 2021.

ICEBISO LESIXAZULULO: Isikrini Selanga Kufanele Sibe Indawo Yakho Yokugcina Yokuvakasha

Izingubo, njengamahembe, izigqoko, amabhulukwe, zingavikela isikhumba sakho emisebeni ye-UV elimazayo. Isambulela singakuvikela nasekushisweni yilanga okubi. Hlela usuku lwakho eduze nelanga. Phuma ngaphandle ekuseni kakhulu noma ntambama lapho ilanga liphansi esibhakabhakeni.

Kodwa uma usafuna lokho kubomvu, ungasebenza kanjani nge-maze ye-sunscreen?

Okokuqala, khohlwa ama-aerosol. Izithako zamakhemikhali ezikhishwayo zincane kakhulu, zidonselwa emaphashini, futhi zihlakazeke emoyeni endaweni ezungezile.

Okwesibili, cabangela imikhiqizo ehlanganisa ama-sunblocks amaminerali ane-zinc oxide ne-titanium dioxide. Kumelwe zibe “ezingezona i-nano” ngosayizi ukuze zithathwe njengezindawo eziphephile. Uma engaphansi kwama-nanometer ayi-100, okhilimu bangamuncwa amakhorali. Futhi hlola uhlu lwezithako zanoma yimaphi ama-preservative aseshiwo.

Okwesithathu, vakashela iwebhusayithi ye- I-Safe Sunscreen Council. Lokhu umfelandawonye wezinkampani ezinomgomo ohlanganyelwe wokufunda lolu daba, ukuqwashisa ngemboni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba kanye nabathengi kanye nokusekela ukuthuthukiswa nokwamukelwa kwezithako eziphephile kubantu neplanethi.

¹Amakhilogremu amane angaba amakhilogremu angu-9 futhi cishe isisindo se-ham yakho yeholide noma i-turkey.