Amaqoqo Olwandle Angasheshisa Ukukhula Emnothweni Oluhlaza Osimeme WaseMelika

Abantu bayizilwane zomphakathi; siyazuza ekusebenzelaneni nabanye okwenza ubuchopho bethu buvuse imibono emisha futhi sithole izindlela zokudala okungenzeka zihlale zifihliwe. Nokho kule minyaka emibili edlule, ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke lwehlise isipiliyoni somsebenzi wokubambisana saba a de minimus izinga. Manje, njengoba umhlaba uqala ukuvela, amathuba okusebenzisana acatshangelwa ukuthi aphinde abe abashayeli ababalulekile bokusungula izinto ezintsha, okuvumela amabhizinisi amancane nabaqalayo ukuthi bathole ozakwethu abanamakhono ancomekayo, ukudala umnotho wezinga, nokuvumela abasha abangenayo ukuncintisana nabo. wasungula imidondoshiya yezinkampani ngezindlela ezinganyakazisa isimo esikhona.

Njengoba sibhekene nenkinga ehlangene, ekhona yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ukuthi isimo esihlanganyelwe sidinga kakhulu ukuyaluza. Indawo eyodwa engasebenza njengomthombo oyinhloko, ongasetshenzisiwe wezixazululo ezisimeme, ezihlonipha imvelo ukuvela kwezixazululo. Umnotho Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi osomabhizinisi e-United States nasemhlabeni wonke bangenela kulawo mathuba kumaqoqo asafufusa aziwa ngokuthi i-Ocean noma i-BlueTech Clusters. Ngo-2021, i-Ocean Foundation yashicilela “I-Blue Wave: Ukutshala imali kuma-BlueTech Clusters ukuze Kugcinwe Ubuholi futhi Kuthuthukiswe Ukukhula Komnotho kanye Nokudala Imisebenzi.”. Lo mbiko unikeza imininingwane ngenkambiso evelayo yokuthuthukisa izinhlangano zamaqoqo ezigxile ekuthuthukisweni kwengxenye eyinhloko ye-Blue Economy eqhubekayo e-United States. 

UMichael Porter, uprofesa e-Harvard Business School, usezakhele umsebenzi wakhe ekudaluleni inani elengeziwe elidlalwa ngokubambisana kwezwe ekwakheni amanethiwekhi abalulekile okuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi le-symbiotic, futhi ubiza lezi zinhlelo zezomnotho “amaqoqo.” Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abaholi bezinto ezintsha zasolwandle bamukele ukunyakaza kwamaqembu futhi baya ngokuya behlanganisa izimfundiso zeBlue Economy futhi basebenzisa leli thuba lebhizinisi, izifundiswa, kanye nohulumeni ukugqugquzela amathuba okukhula komnotho esimeme. 

Ngokubona ukuthi “yonke impucuko enkulu emlandweni ibilokhu inamandla obuchwepheshe olwandle,” umbiko we-Ocean Foundation ucele i-United States ukuthi “isungule uhlelo lwe-Apollo 'Blue Wave Mission' olugxile kubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nenkonzo yokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okuzinzile kolwandle. nemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile.” 

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uhulumeni wobumbano wenze imizamo ethile yokusekela izinhlangano zamaqoqo olwandle, okuhlanganisa ne-Economic Development Administration's (EDA) “Yakha ukuze Isikali” Uhlelo lwesibonelelo oluhlanganisa iBlue Economy njengendawo okugxilwe kuyo.

Ngenyanga edlule, uSenator wase-Alaska u-Lisa Murkowski wathatha leso sigqoko futhi wethula umthetho omusha ngokubambisana noSen. Maria Cantwell (D, WA) kanye nomfelandawonye wabalingani be-bipartisan abavela ezifundeni ezine zasogwini lwase-US. Lo mthethosivivinywa uzosheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kombutho osenezimpande ezweni lonke. Lowo mthethosivivinywa, S. 3866, uMthetho we-Ocean Regional Opportunity and Innovation Act ka-2022, izohlinzeka ngokungeziwe kokusekelwa kwenhlangano ezinhlanganweni zeqoqo lezilwandle ezisafufusa ezweni lonke ukuze kugqugquzelwe “ucwaningo nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi, nobudlelwano obuhlukahlukene.” 

Sisebenzisa ithuba lengozi yomlando eyasungula ekuqaleni i-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) eMnyangweni Wezohwebo ekusungulweni kwayo ngo-1970 esikhundleni soMnyango Wezangaphakathi osobala kakhulu, umthethosivivinywa uqondisa uNobhala Wezohwebo ukuthi aqoke futhi asekele iqoqo. izinhlangano ezifundeni eziyisikhombisa zezwe, ezixhumanisa ikhono lebhizinisi le-EDA kanye nolwazi lwesayensi lwe-NOAA. Igunyaza uxhaso lwezimali ukuze kusekelwe ukusebenza nokuphatha kanye nokusungulwa kwezindawo zokusebenza ezibonakalayo ezibalulekile ekwakheni ukubambisana okubalulekile ekufezeni amandla "okukhulu kunesamba sezingxenye" ​​imodeli yeqoqo eyenza kwenzeke.

I-Ocean noma i-BlueTech Cluster isivele izimpande ezweni lonke njenge le mephu yendaba ebonisa "i-BlueTech Clusters of America" ​​ibonisa ngokucacile, futhi amandla okuthuthukiswa kwe-Blue Economy esifundeni ngasinye acace kakhulu. I-NOAA's Blue Economy Strategy Plan 2021-2025, eyakhishwa ngo-2018, yanquma ukuthi “inikele ngemali elinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-373 emalini esamba semali yezwe, isekela imisebenzi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.3, futhi yakhula ngokushesha kunomnotho wezwe usuwonke.” 

Ngokwakha amathuba - izindawo ezibonakalayo noma amanethiwekhi angokoqobo abasunguli abanomqondo wokusimama nosomabhizinisi - amaqoqo angadlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenziseni la mathuba. Le modeli isivele iphumelele kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eYurophu lapho izibonelo zaseNorway, eFrance, eSpain, nasePortugal zikhulise ukutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni ekukhuleni okuphawulekayo kumamethrikhi e-Blue Economy. 

E-United States, sibona lawa mamodeli edlondlobala e-Pacific Northwest lapho izinhlangano ezifana ne-Maritime Blue kanye ne-Alaska Ocean Cluster zizuze ekusekelweni okuqinile komkhakha womphakathi kuzo zombili izinhlelo zikahulumeni wesifundazwe nowesifunda. I-TMA BlueTech ezinze e-San Diego, eyaqala ukusetshenziswa e-US yemodeli yeqoqo lebhizinisi lokusungula, iyinhlangano engenzi nzuzo esekelwe ebulungwini enezinhlangano ezibamba iqhaza kulo lonke elase-US naphesheya ezisiza ukusekela izindleko zokusebenza zenhlangano yeqoqo ngokwayo.

Kwezinye izimo, njenge-New England Ocean Cluster ezinze e-Portland, e-Maine, iqoqo lisebenza cishe ngokuphelele njengebhizinisi elenza inzuzo, lilandela ipulani eyasungulwa yi-Iceland Ocean Cluster e-Reykjavik. Imodeli yase-Iceland ingumqondo womsunguli kanye ne-CEO, u-Thor Sigfusson. Inhlangano yakhe, eyasungulwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, yethulwa ngenhloso yokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane zasolwandle ezisayinwe e-Iceland, i-cod. Ingxenye enkulu ngenxa yezinto ezintsha ezivele ebudlelwaneni beqoqo, ukusetshenziswa kuye kwaba njalo inyuke isuka ku-50% yezinhlanzi yaya ku-80%, ukudala imikhiqizo ekwazi ukuhweba njengezithasiselo zokudla, isikhumba, i-biopharmaceuticals, nemikhiqizo yobuhle evela kulokho obekubhekwa njengezinto ezilahlwayo ngaphambilini.

Njengoba uhulumeni wase-US eya ngokuya ebheka amaqoqo olwandle ukuze anikeze amandla i-Blue Economy yawo, zonke izinhlobo zenhlangano yamaqoqo zizothola indawo yokukhula nganoma yiziphi izindlela ezisebenza kakhulu nezifanele izifunda lapho izinhlangano zithuthuka khona. Yini ezosebenza eGulf of Mexico, isibonelo, lapho imboni kawoyela negesi ingumshayeli omkhulu wezomnotho futhi kunomlando omude wokutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni wobumbano, kuzodingeka imodeli ehlukile kunaseNew England enezimboni eziningi ezilwela ukufinyelela. endaweni engasemanzini kanye nesikhungo esichumayo nesathuthuka e-Boston nase-Cambridge esiqhamuke sandisa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-400 yomlando osebenza emanzini. 

Njengoba kunezindlela eziningi manje ezithuthukayo ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwemboni ezimele kanye nokuvuselela ukunaka kukahulumeni, amaqoqo olwandle akulungele ukuqalisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuba omnotho esimeme ku-Blue Economy yaseMelika. Njengoba umhlaba ululama kulolu bhubhane futhi uqala ukubhekana nesidingo sesenzo sezulu, azoba yithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvikeleni ikusasa leplanethi yethu yolwandle eyisimangaliso. 

UMichael Conathan uyiNqubomgomo Enkulu Yezolwandle Nesimo Sezulu ne-Aspen Institute's Energy & Environment Programme kanye nomeluleki ozimele wenqubomgomo yolwandle osebenza ku-New England Ocean Cluster ePortland, eMaine.