Isenzo Sokubhola Ogwini

Ugogo wami ongasekho wayekholelwa kakhulu kwisisho sakudala esithi “Ungawabeki wonke amaqanda akho kubhasikidi owodwa.” Wayazi ukuthi ukuthembela ekhonweni elilodwa noma embonini eyodwa noma emthonjeni owodwa wemali kuyisu eliyingozi kakhulu. Wayazi nokuthi ukuzimela akufani nokubusa. Uzokwazi ukuthi abantu baseMelika akufanele bathwale umthwalo walabo abafuna ukuthengisa amaqanda ethu omphakathi ukuze bathole umvuzo wabo. Ngibheka imephu evela ku-Bureau of Ocean Energy Management futhi kufanele ngizibuze-ukuthi angathini ngamaqanda akulo bhasikidi?

“Umthengi omkhulu kawoyela emhlabeni wathumela ngaphandle ama-hydrocarbon amaningi kunangaphambili ngo-2017 futhi akabonisi zimpawu zokwehla. Uyisho - uwoyela ongahluziwe, uphethiloli, udizili, ipropane kanye negesi yemvelo ewuketshezi - konke kuthunyelwe phesheya ngesivinini esirekhodiwe. ”

Laura Blewitt, Bloomberg News

Zonke izinkampani zamandla ezibheke ukwenza inzuzo ngezinsiza zomphakathi okungezabantu base-United States kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo zabantu baseMelika banomthwalo wemfanelo obalulekile. Akuwona umthwalo wabantu baseMelika ukukhulisa inzuzo yalezo zinkampani, noma ukunciphisa ubungozi bazo, noma ukuthwala umthwalo wokukhokhela noma yikuphi ukulimala okuzayo okwenzeka ezilwaneni zasendle zaseMelika, imifula, amahlathi, amabhishi, izixhobo zamakhorali, amadolobhana, amapulazi, amabhizinisi noma abantu. Kuyisibopho sabamele uhulumeni wethu emagatsheni aphezulu, ezomthetho, kanye nezomthetho, abakhona ukuze bamele izintshisekelo ezinhle zabantu baseMelika. Kungumthwalo wabo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi noma iyiphi ingozi yokulimaza izinsiza zomphakathi ifanele izinzuzo kubantu baseMelika, izinsiza zethu zikazwelonke, kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo nazo ezizoncika kuzo.

Izindawo Ezintsha Zokukhiqiza Uwoyela Negesi Olwandle Lwethu:

Ngomhla zizi-4 kuMasingana, Ihhovisi Lomnyango Wezamandla Lokuphathwa Kwezamandla Olwandle lakhipha uhlelo olusha lweminyaka emihlanu lokukhiqizwa kwamandla eShelofu Yangaphandle Yezwekazi lase-US emanzini ase-US ngokuphendula umyalo kaMongameli ngo-April odlule. Ingxenye yohlelo igxile ekwandeni komthamo wokukhiqiza umoya ogwini lolwandle futhi iningi ligxile ekuvuleni izindawo ezintsha zokuxhashazwa kwemithombo kawoyela negesi. Njengoba ubona kumephu, ayikho ingxenye yogu lwethu ebonakala ikhululekile engozini (ngaphandle kwaseFlorida, ngemva kweqiniso).

Izindawo ezigudle ugu lwasePacific kanye nempumalanga yeGulf of Mexico zifakiwe ohlelweni olusha, kanye namahektha angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 e-Arctic kanye nengxenye enkulu ye-Eastern Seaboard. Iningi lezindawo ezihlongozwayo, ikakhulukazi ezigudle ugu lwe-Atlantic, azikaze zithintwe—okusho ukuthi isiphepho, ubungozi bamanje, nezinye izinto eziyingozi ekusebenzeni kwamandla kaziqondi kahle, ukuthi kunengqalasizinda encane yokusekela ukusebenza kokumba, kanye namandla okungenzeka. kukhulu ekulimazeni izilwane zasolwandle, izinhlanzi, izinyoni zasolwandle nezinye izilwane zasolwandle. Kuphinde kube nomonakalo omkhulu empilweni yezigidi zabantu baseMelika, ikakhulukazi labo abasebenza kwezokuvakasha, ukudoba, ukubukela imikhomo, kanye nezolimo zasemanzini.  

Ukuhlola Akulungile:

Ukusetshenziswa kwezibhamu zomoya ezizamazamayo eziqhuma emanzini olwandle ngama-decibel angu-250 ukuze zifune izindawo ezigcina uwoyela negesi sezilushintshile kakade ulwandle lwethu. Siyazi ukuthi imikhomo, amahlengethwa, nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ziyahlupheka, njengoba kunjalo nezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane lapho zihlaselwa umzamo wokuzamazama komhlaba. Izinkampani ezenza lokhu kuhlola kufanele zifune ukukhululwa kuMthetho Wokuvikela Izilwane Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle (esiwuchaze kubhulogi ebhalwe ngo-1/12/18). I-Fish and Wildlife Service kanye ne-National Marine Fisheries Service kufanele babuyekeze izicelo futhi bahlole ingozi engaba khona yokuhlolwa kokuzamazama komhlaba. Uma zigunyazwa, lezo zimvume ziyavuma ukuthi izinkampani zizokwenza umonakalo futhi zibeke izinga elivunyelwe “lokuthatha ngengozi,” inkulumo esho ukuchaza ukuthi zingaki nokuthi hlobo luni lwezilwane ezizolinyazwa noma zibulawe lapho kuqala ukusesha izindawo ezigcina uwoyela negesi. Kukhona ababuza ukuthi kungani zisasetshenziswa izindlela eziyingozi kangaka, ezinkulu, nezinembayo ekuhloleni uwoyela negesi emanzini olwandle ekubeni ubuchwepheshe bokwenza imephu bufike kuze kube manje. Impela, nansi indawo lapho izinkampani zingenza umonakalo omncane emiphakathini yaseMelika nasezinsizeni zasolwandle ekufuneni inzuzo.

“Lezi zimboni ezibucayi zincike emanzini ahlanzekile aseMaine, futhi nokuchitheka okuncane kungalimaza ngendlela engenakulungiseka i-ecosystem eGulf of Maine, okuhlanganisa izibungu zama-lobster nama-lobster amadala lapho,” kubhala uCollins noKing. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kokuzamazama komhlaba olwandle kuye kwaboniswa kwezinye izimo ukuze kuphazamise ukufuduka kwezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Ngamanye amazwi, sikholelwa ukuthi umonakalo ongase ubangelwe ukuhlolwa nokuthuthukiswa kukawoyela negesi ogwini lwaseMaine kuyidlula kude noma iyiphi inzuzo engaba khona.”

I-Portland Press Herald, 9 Jan 2018

Ingqalasizinda kanye Nengozi:

Ukuqiniseka, ukumba ngeke kuqale noma kuphi ngaphandle kweGulf of Mexico noma nini esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Kunezinqubo okufanele zisungulwe kanye neziphakamiso okufanele zihlolwe. Ukukhiqiza uwoyela eduze ne-Atlantic Seaboard kumele ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwingqalasizinda—ayikho inethiwekhi yamapayipi ekhona, isistimu yechweba, noma umthamo wokuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo okhona. Akucaci ukuthi amanani kawoyela azosekela izindleko ezinkulu zokwakha lo mthamo omusha, noma ukuthi kuwumsebenzi osebenzayo uma kubhekwa ubungozi obungaba khona kubatshalizimali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akumangazi ukuthi uhlelo olusha lweminyaka emihlanu alwamukelwanga ngezandla ezimhlophe, nakuba ukubhola kwangempela kusasele iminyaka eminingi, uma kwenzeka. 

Isayensi yaseMelika yabika ukuthi kunokuphikisa okukhulu kwendawo kunoma yikuphi ukwanda kokusebenza kukawoyela negesi emanzini asogwini: “Abamelene nabo bahlanganisa ababusi baseNew Jersey, eDelaware, eMaryland, eVirginia, eNorth Carolina, eSouth Carolina, eCalifornia, e-Oregon naseWashington; omasipala basogwini abangaphezu kwe-150; kanye nomfelandawonye wamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-41,000 500,000 nemikhaya edobayo engu-XNUMX XNUMX.”¹ Laba baholi bomphakathi kanye nabaholi bezifundazwe bahlangana ndawonye bephikisana nesiphakamiso sikaMongameli Obama sokunweba futhi kwahoxiswa. Isiphakamiso sesibuyile, sikhulu kunangaphambili, futhi izinga lobungozi alikashintshi. Imiphakathi yasogwini ethembele emisebenzini yezomnotho eyahlukene nayo incike ekwazini ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo akukho engcupheni ngenxa yemiphumela eqhubekayo yemisebenzi yamandla ezimbonini noma ekubeni nokwenzeka kwangempela kokuvuza, ukuchitheka, nokwehluleka kwengqalasizinda.

I-Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (Imephu ayibonisi izindawo e-Alaska, njenge-Cook Inlet)

Ngo-2017, izinhlekelele zemvelo nezinye zibiza izwe lethu ngaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-307. Esikhathini lapho kufanele sigxile ekwehliseni ubungozi emiphakathini yethu yasogwini ngokwenza ngcono ingqalasizinda kanye nokuqina lapho sibhekene nokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle kanye neziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu. Sonke sizokhokha ngandlela thize, nangale kokulahlekelwa okudabukisayo kubanikazi bezindlu abathintekayo namabhizinisi, kanye nemiphakathi yabo. Ukubuyisela kuzothatha isikhathi njengoba izigidigidi ezengeziwe zidinga ukugeleza ukuze zisekele ukutholwa kwemiphakathi yethu e-Virgin Islands, e-Puerto Rico, e-California, e-Texas, nase-Florida. Futhi lokho akuwabali amadola asageleza ukuzama ukulungisa umonakalo omkhulu wezenzakalo zangaphambilini njengokuchitheka kukawoyela we-BP, okuthi, ngisho neminyaka eyisikhombisa kamuva kube nomthelela omubi ezinsizeni zeGulf of Mexico.  

Kusukela ngo-1950, inani labantu base-US licishe liphindeke kabili laya kubantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-325, kanti inani labantu emhlabeni lisuke lisuka ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.2 laya kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyisi-7. Abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu bahlala ezifundazweni ezisogwini. Ngakho-ke umthwalo wethu ezizukulwaneni ezizayo usukhule kakhulu—kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi sigxila ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwethu kunciphisa ukulimala, ukumosha kanye nobungozi. Kungenzeka ukuthi lapho ukukhishwa kuyingozi enkulu kubantu manje kungashiyelwa izizukulwane ezizayo ukuze zifinyelele ngobuchwepheshe esingabucabanga nje namuhla. Izinsizakusebenza ezitholakala mahhala futhi ezingafinyeleleka ngezindleko eziphansi—umoya, ilanga namagagasi—zingasetshenziswa ngengozi encane kakhulu kithi nasezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zethu ngomklamo okhaliphile obiza kancane ukuwusebenza nokuyinakekela elinye isu elisebenzisa uhlobo lomoya wokusungula oyifa lethu.

Sikhiqiza amandla amaningi namuhla kunangaphambili—okuhlanganisa uwoyela negesi amaningi. Kudingeka sizibuze ukuthi kungani kufanele sikhuthaze imisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu yokukhipha imithombo yamandla ezothunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kusishiyele umonakalo kuphela. Sihlangabezana nezidingo zethu zamandla ngemithombo ehlukahlukene ekhulayo futhi silwela ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze singamoshi ifa lethu eliyigugu.

Manje akusona isikhathi sokwandisa ingozi nokulimala emanzini olwandle e-United States. Manje yisikhathi sokuphinda kabili izizukulwane ezizayo. Manje yisikhathi sokwenza ifa lethu libe lokuchuma. Manje yisikhathi sokutshala izimali ezinkethweni zamandla ezihlinzeka ngalokho esikudingayo ngengozi encane ezimpilweni zezigidi zabantu baseMelika. Manje yisikhathi sokuvikela amanzi ethu olwandle, imiphakathi yethu yasogwini, nezilwane zasendle ezibiza ikhaya lolwandle.  

¹ UTrump Uvula Amanzi Amakhulu Ekudongeni Olwandle, nguBrittany Patterson, Zack Coleman, Climate Wire. 5 Januwari 2018

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-opens-vast-waters-to-offshore-drilling/

U-Collins kanye neKing kuya ku-Feds Gcina Ukumba Uwoyela Negesi Kude ne-Maine's Coastline, nguKevin Miller, ePortland Press Herald, 9 January 2018 http://www.pressherald.com/2018/01/08/collins-and-king-to-feds-keep-oil-and-gas-drilling-away-from-maines-coastline/?utm_source=Headlines&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Daily&utm_source=Press+Herald+Newsletters&utm_campaign=a792e0cfc9-PPH_Daily_Headlines_Email&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b674c9be4b-a792e0cfc9-199565341

I-US Ithekelisa Uwoyela Negesi Ngejubane Lokurekhoda, uLaura Blewitt, Bloomberg News, 12 Dec 2017 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-12/u-s-fuels-the-world-as-shale-boom-powers-record-oil-exports

UTrump Uvula Amanzi Amakhulu Ekudongeni Olwandle, nguBrittany Patterson, Zack Coleman, Climate Wire. I-Scientific American 5 Januwari 2018   
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-opens-vast-waters-to-offshore-drilling/