Ukuvikeleka Kwethu Kuqala - Futhi Kuphele - Ngolwandle Lwethu (Ingxenye 2)

Ngu-Mark J. Spalding, uMongameli we-The Ocean Foundation
Ukusabalala Kwengqungquthela Yomhlaba Wonke Yokuqala Yezilwandle, Isimo Sezulu, Nokuphepha — Ingxenye 2 kwezingu-2

I-COAST GUARD ISITHOMBE LAPHA

Le ngqungquthela kanye nesikhungo esiyihlelile, I-Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate and Security, zintsha futhi zihlukile. Lapho iSikhungo sisungulwa, kwakungu-2009—ukuphela kweshumi leminyaka elifudumele kunawo wonke emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, futhi amazwe ayehlanza ngemva kochungechunge lweziphepho ezinkulu ezihlasele imiphakathi egudle i-Atlantic, iPacific, neGulf of Mexico. Ngivumile ukujoyina uMkhandlu Wabeluleki ngoba bengicabanga ukuthi le mpambano ekhethekile lapho sikhuluma khona ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wako olwandle nokuvikeleka bekuyindlela entsha newusizo yokuxoxa ngokuthi ukusongela impilo yolwandle nakho kuyingozi empilweni yomuntu. .

Njengoba ngike ngaphawula kokuthunyelwe kwami ​​kwangaphambilini, ingqungquthela yabheka izinhlobo eziningi zokuphepha futhi ukugcizelelwa kokuphepha kwezwe kwakuthakazelisa kakhulu. Akubanga yingxenye yolimi lwendabuko ekongiweni kolwandle, noma ngisho enkulumweni yomphakathi, ukuzwa izimpikiswano zokweseka uMnyango Wezokuvikela emizamweni yawo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwawo kwesisi esibamba ukushisa (njengomsebenzisi oyedwa omkhulu wamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi emhlabeni) , futhi silungiselele ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ukuze siqinisekise amandla ayo okugcina ukulwa nezinye izinjongo zokweseka ukuphepha kwezwe lethu emhlabeni wonke. Izikhulumi kwakuyiqembu elihlukahlukene lochwepheshe bezokuphepha, izilwandle, kanye nobudlelwano bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwezomnotho, ukudla, amandla kanye nokuvikeleka kwezwe. Okulandelayo yizindikimba ezigcizelelwa amaphaneli:

Itimu 1: Alikho Igazi Lamafutha

Amasosha kusobala ukuthi okuhamba phambili kufanele kube ukuqeda izimpi zemithombo kaphethiloli. Imithombo kawoyela eminingi emhlabeni isemazweni ahluke kakhulu kwewethu. Amasiko ahlukile, futhi amaningi awo aphikisana ngokuqondile nezithakazelo zaseMelika. Ukugxila ekuvikeleni ukusetshenziswa kwethu akukona ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano eMpumalanga Ephakathi, futhi ngokulandelayo, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi lapho senza okuningi, sivikeleka kancane.

Futhi, njengabo bonke abantu baseMelika, abaholi bethu bezempi abathandi "ukulahlekelwa abantu bethu." Lapho abantu abangaphansi kwengxenye yokufa e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq bekungamasosha avikela uphethiloli, sidinga ukuthola esinye isisombululo sokuhambisa izinsiza zethu zezempi emhlabeni jikelele. Ezinye izivivinyo ezintsha zikhokha ngempela. I-Marine Corp India Company yaba iyunithi yokuqala enjalo ukuthembela emandleni elanga esikhundleni samabhethri namajeneretha kadizili: Ukunciphisa isisindo esithwalwa (amakhulu opondo kumabhethri wodwa) kanye nemfucumfucu eyingozi (amabhethri futhi), futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukukhulisa ezokuphepha ngoba kwakukhona. awekho amajeneretha enza umsindo ukuze anikeze indawo kude (futhi ngaleyo ndlela angafihli indlela yabahlaseli, noma).

Ingqikithi 2: Sasisengozini, futhi sisengozini

Inkinga kawoyela yango-1973 yaqalwa ukwesekwa kwamasosha ase-US kwa-Israyeli empini yaseYom Kippur. Intengo kawoyela iphindeke kane esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka. Bekungagcini nje ngokufinyelela kuwoyela, kodwa ukushaqeka kwentengo kawoyela kwaba yimbangela yokuphahlazeka kwemakethe yamasheya ka-1973-4. Ngokuvuka ekubanjweni yisifiso sethu sokuthola uwoyela wangaphandle, sasabela enkingeni (okuyilokho esikwenzayo uma kungekho ukuhlela okuqinile). Ngo-1975, sase sihlanganise i-Strategic Petroleum reserve kanye nohlelo lokonga ugesi, futhi saqala ukubheka amamayela asetshenziswa ilitha ngalinye ezimotweni zethu. Siqhubekile nokuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokufinyelela ezindaweni ezigcina uphethiloli, kodwa futhi sanweba ukusesha kwezinye izindlela esikhundleni sokuzimela ngaphandle kwamandla avela kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kukagesi ohlanzekile ngamanzi ovela e-Canada. Ngokulandelayo, indlela yethu yamandla isiholela namuhla lapho inhlekelele yango-1973 eyadala umfutho omkhulu wokuzimela kwamandla asentshonalanga iqondana nemizamo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi ukuze kuzimele, ukuphepha, kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Sihlala sisengozini yentengo—kodwa nokho, lapho intengo kawoyela yehla ifinyelela ku-$88 emgqonyeni ngamunye njengoba kwenzekile kuleli sonto—isondela ezindlekweni eziphezulu (cishe amaRandi angama-80 umphongolo ngamunye) wokukhiqiza leyo miphongolo engasenamalini evela esihlabathini setiyela eNyakatho Dakota. kanye nokumbiwa kwamanzi ajulile olwandle lwethu, manje osekuyinhloso yethu yasekhaya. Ngokomlando, lapho izilinganiso zenzuzo ziba phansi kangako ezinkampanini ezinkulu zikawoyela, kuba nengcindezi yokushiya izinsiza phansi kuze kube intengo iphindela phezulu. Mhlawumbe, esikhundleni salokho, singacabanga ngendlela yokushiya lezo zinsiza emhlabathini ngokugxila ekuxazululeni okuncane okulimaza imvelo.

Ingqikithi yesi-3: Singagxila Kwezokuvikela kanye Nokuphepha Kwezwe

Ngakho-ke, phakathi nengqungquthela, kwavela inselelo ecacile: Singakusebenzisa kanjani ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezempi (khumbula i-inthanethi) ekufuneni kwayo izisombululo ezidinga ukulungiswa kabusha okuncane futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo ngesilinganiso ekufuneni ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obengeziwe obufanele izakhamuzi?

Lobo buchwepheshe bungabandakanya izimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu (ezomhlaba, ulwandle nomoya), ama-biofuel athuthukisiwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo efanele evuselelekayo njengamagagasi, amandla elanga namandla omoya (kuhlanganise nokukhiqizwa okuhlukaniselwe amazwe). Uma senza kanjalo kwezempi, ochwepheshe bezempi bathi amabutho ethu ahlomile azobe esengozini encane, sizobona ukwanda kokulungela nokuthembeka, futhi sizothuthukisa isivinini sethu, ububanzi namandla.

Ngakho-ke, eminye yemizamo yamasosha - njengokufaka i-Great Green Fleet exhaswe yi-biofuel esekelwe ulwelwe - isinesikhathi eside iza futhi yayihloselwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bethu bokuthi i-spigot kawoyela iphinde icishwe. Kuzophinde kuphumele ekuncishisweni okuncomekayo kwenani elikhulu lesisi esingcolisa umoya.

Itimu yesi-4: Imisebenzi Nobuchwepheshe Obudluliswayo

Futhi, njengoba sigxila kwezokuphepha, nokwenza izwe lakithi (kanye nebutho lamasosha) libe sengozini, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi i-Navy ayakhi imikhumbi yayo, noma izinhlelo zayo zokuhambisa umoya, futhi ayiwacwengisi ama-biofuel ayo. Kunalokho, liyikhasimende elikhulu, elikhulu kakhulu emakethe. Zonke lezi zixazululo eziklanyelwe amasosha ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zawo zizoba yizixazululo zemboni ezidala amathuba emisebenzi. Futhi, njengoba lobu buchwepheshe obunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi bungadluliselwa ezimakethe zabantu, sonke siyazuza. Kubandakanya impilo yesikhathi eside yolwandle lwethu - usinki wethu omkhulu wekhabhoni.

Abantu bathola izinga lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu likhulu kakhulu. Futhi kunjalo. Amandla omuntu kunzima ukukholelwa kuwo, noma ekhona.

Ukwenza okuthile ngezinga lokusetshenziswa koMnyango Wezokuvikela kuyisilinganiso esinengqondo sonke esingasibona ngeso lengqondo. Ukuqamba okusha kuzoholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kanye nokwehliswa okukhulu kwezingozi ezihlobene nophethiloli wezinsalela zamasosha, nakwezethu. Kodwa lesi sikali esinengqondo siphinde sisho ukuthi kuzofaneleka ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe esibudingayo. Lona amandla ashukumisayo emakethe.

Manje?

FAKA ISITHOMBE SE-PROVOST LAPHA

Ngakho-ke, ukuphindaphinda, singasindisa izimpilo, sinciphise ukuba sengozini (ekukhuphukeni kwezindleko zikaphethiloli noma ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela kokunikezwayo), futhi sandise ukulungela. Futhi, oh ngendlela esingafeza ngayo ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu njengomphumela ongahlosiwe.

Kodwa, ngoba sikhuluma ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ake sibalule ukuthi amasosha awasebenzi ekunciphiseni kuphela. Isebenza ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo. Eqinisweni ayinakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokusabela ezinguqukweni zamakhemikhali olwandle (ukwehla kwe-pH), noma i-physical oceanography (njengokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle), ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwayo lwesikhathi eside nokuqapha.

I-US Navy inedatha yeminyaka eyikhulu ebekwe mayelana nokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle ekhombisa ukuthi izinga lolwandle liyakhuphuka. Seluvele luphakame unyawo olugcwele oGwini Olusempumalanga, kancane ogwini oluseNtshonalanga, futhi cishe amafidi angu-2 eGulf of Mexico. Ngakho-ke, babhekana nalezo zikhungo zeNavy ezisogwini ngokusobala, futhi bazobhekana kanjani nokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle bodwa phakathi kwezingozi eziningi?

Futhi, uzoshintsha kanjani umsebenzi woMnyango Wezokuvikela? Njengamanje, ukunaka kwayo kuyasuka e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan kugxile e-Iran naseChina. Lizokwenyuka kanjani izinga lolwandle, kuhlangene nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi olwandle ngenxa yezehlakalo zesiphepho kanjalo neziphepho ezinamandla zidala izingozi zenani elikhulu labahlali basogwini ababa ababaleki abangenamakhaya? Ngibheja ukuthi uMnyango Wezokuvikela unecebo lesimo emisebenzini.