Ukuhlelela Ikusasa lethu Lolwandle

Ngu-Mark J. Spalding, uMongameli, i-Ocean Foundation
Inguqulo yale bhulogi ivele ekuqaleni  I-Ocean View ye-National Geographic indawo.

Nginenhlanhla! Ngachitha ingxenye ka-August eLisbon, ePortugal futhi ingxenye yayo isogwini lweMaine—inginikeza umbono ngisohlangothini ngalunye lwe-Atlantic. E-Lisbon, bengisebenza ngokubambisana okusha ne-Future Ocean Alliance kanye ne-Luso-American Development Foundation. Ngavakashela ugu oluhle futhi ngagwedla eMpumalanga Atlantic ukuze ngiyozipholisa—kwakufudumele ngendlela engavamile lapho. Emuva e-US futhi kuze kufike e-Maine ochungechungeni lwemihlangano nabalingani be-TOF futhi nginikeze inkulumo, ngakwazi ukuchitha ingxenye yosuku noma emanzini, ngilalele ama-sea gull, futhi ngibuka izikebhe zikaseyili zidlula. Ngokuqondene nawo wonke umuntu, kuhlale kujabulisa ukuphuma emagumbini okuhlangana nasolwandle. Futhi-ke, ukukhuluma nabantu ukuxhumana nabo olwandle akuyona nje intokozo, kodwa futhi nezomnotho.

Bekuwu-August omuhle—kuzo zonke izindawo engiye ngaya kuzo. Abantu babonakala beqaphela kakhulu izinguquko ezindaweni abazithandayo ezisogwini—ikakhulukazi ngemva kwe-Superstorm Sandy nezinye izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Nokho, izinguquko ezimangalisayo onyakeni owodwa oGwini Olusempumalanga ye-US nakwezinye izindawo ziye zashiya abaningi bezibuza ukuthi ikusasa liyoba yini—ikakhulukazi kulabo imiphakathi yabo ethembele ezivakashini zolwandle ukuze baphile kahle ngokwezomnotho.

Ukubuka imizamo yokuhlanza ibhishi ngemva Isiphepho esikhulu USandy.

I-York County iyikhaya lamamayela angu-300 ogwini lwaseMaine kanye namanye amabhishi aseNew England aziwa kakhulu—okuyenza ibe nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni waseMaine. Uhulumeni Wesifunda SaseMaine ngokwawo wazi kahle ngamamayela angu-3500 ogwini lombuso oludonsa izinkulungwane zezivakashi, ongenisa imali enkulu ngokudoba namalobster, futhi asekele inhlalakahle yemiphakathi ekude nogu. Kusukela ngo-2008, umbuso usungule uchungechunge lwamasu aziwa ngokuthi Iphrojekthi Yamathuluzi Okumelana Nezingozi Zasogwini. Ngale phrojekthi, umbuso usebenzisana nedolobha ngalinye ngokwesicelo sawo, uhlinzeka ngokuqagela kokuqala kwemephu nokubamba imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yomphakathi—ukukhuthaza ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga lapho izinkinga zizoshaya kakhulu futhi lapho izinqumo kufanele zithathwe— endaweni. Kodwa akwenzi izinqumo zibe lula.

Njengoba i-York, Maine, umqondisi wokuthuthukiswa komphakathi esho ku- isihloko sakamuva, njengoba ehlola umonakalo ophindaphindiwe wodonga lolwandle kanye nomgwaqo omkhulu oseduze nogu: “… umbuzo waba, ingabe uyaqhubeka nokuwulungisa noma uyawuyeka. Simkhumbule uSandy, kodwa kungekudala sizoba nengoma embi. Ngakho-ke uyaqinisa, uyamukele noma uyahlehla?"

Nubble I-Light House e-York County, eMaine
Ikhredithi Yesithombe: UMichael Murphy nge-Flickr

Ngempela, lowo umbuzo esizame ukuwuphendula emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi wangemva kweSandy wabathandi bolwandle abazinikele entwasahlobo edlule eLong Beach, eNew York. Kuwumshikashika abanikazi bezindlu ogwini lwaseJersey okuyisakhiwo sodumo ababhekene nalo njengoba i-Army Corps of Engineers ihlongoza ukwakhiwa kwamamayela amaningi ezindunduma zesihlabathi zokwenziwa ukuze kuvikelwe imiphakathi egudle ugu—ukulungiswa okubizayo, ngokuqinisekile. Kuphinde kube umbuzo imiphakathi emhlabeni jikelele ewudingidayo ngekusasa—ithatha umbono wokuthi ukuhlela izinga lolwandle okulindelekile ngo-2030 kufanelekile manje, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokugunyaza intuthuko.

Futhi eGulf of Mexico, izifunda ezisogwini zisasebenzela ukwakha kabusha kusuka eKatrina nokuhlelela ikusasa. Amaphrojekthi anjalo 100-1000 Buyisela i-Coastal Alabama e-Mobile Bay amavolontiya aqondile ekwakheni kabusha izixhobo ze-oyster ezazivamise ukuvimba ugu. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ama-oyster reefs amasha ahlinzeka ngokudla nokuhlunga, kodwa futhi utshani bexhaphozi bugcwala ngemuva, busebenza njengesivimbeli sesiphepho nesihlungi samanzi angcolile ageleza emhlabeni ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele Bay kanye nempilo ngaphakathi. ENew Orleans uqobo, basakha kabusha izindawo ezingomakhelwane, futhi badiliza izakhiwo ezilahliwe (izindlu eziyi-10,000 kuze kube manje). Ukucabanga ngokukhuthazela lapho kusho ukwakha kabusha indawo ehlala ngasogwini ngezinhloso zokuvimba iziphepho, kodwa futhi nangezinye izindlela zokuziphilisa ukuze kukhawulwe ubungozi emindenini edobayo nabanye. Engxoxweni yakamuva, iMeya uMitch Landrieu uthe naphezu kwemisebenzi eminingi esele. “Ngicabanga ukuthi senze ngempumelelo into ebaluleke kakhulu, okuwukucabanga ngokwakha idolobha ngendlela obekufanele ngabe uhlezi eyiyo hhayi ngendlela abeyiyo.”

Ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-US, phakathi kwemizamo eminingi emiphakathini yasogwini kusukela e-Baja California kuya e-Aleutians, enye yezindlela zokuqala zesifunda ifakwe ku-Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy ye-San Diego Bay (2012). Lelisu, elasekelwa i-San Diego Foundation, libangelwe yimizamo yokubambisana okubanzi kwababambe iqhaza, okuhlanganisa nohulumeni basekhaya e-San Diego Bay, ichweba laseSan Diego, i-San Diego Airport Authority, nabanye abaningi.

Idolobhana lendabuko laseLittle I-Diomede, Alaska. (Isithombe se-US Coast Guard nguPetty Officer uRichard I-Brahm)

Futhi, vele ngoba kunamakhulu ezibonelo ezinjalo ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, ukuthola ukuthi ungaluthola kanjani ulwazi olungcono kakhulu olutholakalayo kungaba yinto enzima kakhulu. Kulapho ubambiswano oluyingqayizivele olubizwa ngokuthi i-Climate Adaptation Knowledge Exchange (CAKEx.org) lungasiza imiphakathi. I-CAKE yasungulwa ngo-2010 yi-Island Press kanye ne-EcoAdapt, futhi ilawulwa yi-EcoAdapt, i-CAKE ihlose ukwakha isisekelo solwazi olwabiwe lokuphatha izinhlelo zemvelo nezakhiwe lapho kubhekwana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okusheshayo. Iwebhusayithi ihlanganisa izifundo, izinkundla zomphakathi, namanye amathuluzi okushintshana ngolwazi ukuze isize abantu abathakazelayo babelane ngolwazi mayelana nendlela abantu abasabela ngayo ngobuhlakani nangombono ezinsongweni ababhekana nazo.

Ekupheleni kosuku, isenzo sokunciphisa izinsongo nokuzinciphisa ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi kuyinto enhle; njengoba kwenza ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokunikeza amandla isikhathi eside esimeme. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungaba ubuwula kule miphakathi, ikakhulukazi imiphakathi yasogwini naseziqhingini, ukugwema ukusebenzisa isikhathi namandla ukwenza okusemandleni ayo ukuhlela ikusasa elimanzi, elingenakubikezelwa, ngokubamba iqhaza nokusekelwa yibo bonke. yethu esithanda ulwandle.

Ngakho-ke, njengoba siqeda ihlobo lolwandle enyakatho nenkabazwe, futhi silindele ngenjabulo ihlobo lolwandle eningizimu nenkabazwe, ngikucela ukuthi ujoyine umphakathi wabasekeli be-The Ocean Foundation abanendaba nekusasa lezilwandle.  Nikela ku-Ocean Leadership Fund yethu namuhla.