I-Association of Southeast Asia Nations' Role in Ocean Issues

Ngo-January 28, ngafika eManila, inhloko-dolobha yasePhilippines, elinye lamadolobha angu-16 akha i-“Metro Manila,” indawo yasemadolobheni enabantu abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni—ifinyelela inani labantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-17 emini, abangaba 1. /6 yenani labantu bezwe. Kwakuwukuvakasha kwami ​​kokuqala e-Manila futhi ngangijabule ngokuhlangana nezikhulu zikahulumeni nabanye ukuze sikhulume nge-ASEAN nendima yayo ezindabeni zolwandle. I-ASEAN (i-Association of Southeast Asian Nations) iyinhlangano yesifunda yokuhweba nokuthuthukiswa komnotho enamazwe angamalungu ayi-10 asebenza ndawonye ukuze akhuthaze izinhlaka zokubusa ezifanayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla ezomnotho nezenhlalo zesifunda sisonke. Izwe ngalinye eliyilungu liba ngusihlalo unyaka wonke—ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu.

Ngo-2017, iPhilippines ilandela iLaos ukuthi ibe ngusihlalo we-ASEAN unyaka. Uhulumeni wasePhilippines ufuna ukulisebenzisa ngokugcwele ithuba lawo. “Ngakho-ke, ukuze ngikhulume nolwandle, Isikhungo sayo Senkonzo Yangaphandle (emnyangweni Wezindaba Zangaphandle) kanye neBiodiversity Management Bureau (emnyangweni wezemvelo kanye nezinsiza zemvelo) bangimemile ukuba ngibambe iqhaza ekuhleleni ngoxhaso lwe-Asia Foundation. (ngaphansi kwesibonelelo esivela eMnyangweni Wezwe wase-US). Ithimba lethu lochwepheshe lalihlanganisa u-Cheryl Rita Kaur, inhloko esabambile ye-Center For Coastal & Marine Environment, Maritime Institute of Malaysia, kanye noDkt. Liana Talaue-McManus, Umphathi Wephrojekthi we-Transboundary Waters Assessment Program, UNEP. UDkt. Talaue-McManus naye ungowase-Philippines futhi unguchwepheshe kulesi sifunda. Izinsuku ezintathu, sinikeze iseluleko futhi sabamba iqhaza "Kusemina-Workshop Yokuvikelwa Kwemvelo Yasogwini Nesolwandle kanye Neqhaza Le-ASEAN ngo-2017," nabaholi abavela kuma-ejensi amaningi ukuze sixoxe ngamathuba obuholi base-Philippine ekuvikelweni kogu nolwandle lwase-ASEAN. 

I-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) isizogubha iminyaka yayo engama-50.  Izizwe ezingamalungu: iBrunei, iBurma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, kanye neVietnam    

I-Biodiversity Yasolwandle Yesifunda  
Abantu abayizigidi ezingama-625 bezizwe eziyi-10 ze-ASEAN bancike olwandle olunempilo lomhlaba wonke, ngandlela thize ngaphezu kwezinye izindawo eziningi zomhlaba. Amanzi ezindawo zase-ASEAN ahlanganisa indawo ephindwe kathathu kunezwe. Ngokuhlangene bathola ingxenye enkulu ye-GDP yabo ekudobeni (ulwandle lwasekhaya nolwandle oluphakeme) kanye nezokuvakasha, futhi kancane kancane ngokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini ukuze zisetshenziswe ekhaya futhi zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Ezokuvakasha, imboni ekhula ngokushesha emazweni amaningi e-ASEAN, incike emoyeni ohlanzekile, amanzi ahlanzekile, nogu olunempilo. Eminye imisebenzi yesifunda yasolwandle ihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo neminye imikhiqizo yezolimo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla nokuthekelisa.

Isifunda sase-ASEAN sihlanganisa i-Coral Triangle, indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyisithupha yamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo eyikhaya lezinhlobo ezingu-6 kwezingu-7 zezimfudu zasolwandle kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2,000 15 zezinhlanzi. Sekukonke, lesi sifunda sisingatha u-33% wokukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi emhlabeni wonke, u-34% wezimfunda zasolwandle, u-35% we-coral reef cover, kanye no-2.3% we-mangrove acreage yomhlaba. Ngeshwa, ezintathu ziyehla. Ngenxa yezinhlelo zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, amahlathi omhlume ayakhula—okuzosiza ukusimamisa ugu futhi kwandise umkhiqizo wokudoba. I-XNUMX% nje yendawo enkulu yasolwandle yesifunda ilawulwa njengezindawo ezivikelwe (MPAs)—okwenza kube inselele ukuvimbela ukwehla okuqhubekayo empilweni yezinsiza ezibalulekile zasolwandle.

Izinsongo
Izinsongo ezithinta impilo yasolwandle ezivela ezenzweni zabantu esifundeni zifana nalezo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ukuthuthukiswa ngokweqile, ukudoba ngokweqile, amandla alinganiselwe okusebenzisa imithetho emelene nokushushumbiswa kwabantu, izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala, ukudoba okungekho emthethweni nokunye ukuhwebelana kwezilwane zasendle okungekho emthethweni, kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsiza zokubhekana nokulawulwa kwemfucuza nezinye izidingo zengqalasizinda.

Emhlanganweni, uDkt. Taulaue-McManus ubike ukuthi isifunda sisengozini enkulu yokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle, okunomthelela ekubekweni kwengqalasizinda yogu yazo zonke izinhlobo. Inhlanganisela yamazinga okushisa aphakeme, amanzi ajulile, kanye nokushintsha kwamakhemikhali olwandle kubeka zonke izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle endaweni engozini—ukushintsha indawo yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi kuthinte izimpilo zabadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa kanye nalabo abancike ekuvakasheni kwe-dive, isibonelo.

izidingo
Ukubhekana nalezi zinsongo, abahlanganyeli be-workshop baqhakambise isidingo sokulawulwa kokuncishiswa kwezinhlekelele, ukulawulwa ukongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, kanye nokuncishiswa kokungcola kanye nokulawulwa kwemfucuza. I-ASEAN idinga izinqubomgomo ezinjalo ukuze yabe ukusetshenziswa, ikhuthaze umnotho ohlukahlukene, ivimbele ukulimala (ebantwini, ezindaweni zokuhlala, noma emiphakathini), kanye nokusekela ukuzinza ngokubeka phambili inani lesikhathi eside kunenzuzo yesikhathi esifushane.

Kukhona izinsongo zangaphandle ekubambisaneni kwesifunda okuvela ezingxabanweni zezombangazwe/zamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhwebelana okusha okushintshe kakhulu kanye nezinqubomgomo zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphatha okusha kwe-US. Kuphinde kube nombono womhlaba wonke wokuthi izindaba zokushushumbiswa kwabantu azixazululwa ngendlela efanele esifundeni.

Sekunemizamo emihle yesifunda kwezokudoba, ukuhwebelana ngezilwane zasendle, kanye namaxhaphozi. Ezinye izizwe ze-ASEAN zilungile ekuthumeleni kanti ezinye kuma-MPA. I-Malaysia, usihlalo wangaphambilini, yethule i-ASEAN Strategic Plan on the Environment (ASPEN) ephinde ihlonze ukubhekana nalezi zidingo njengendlela eya phambili ngokubusa kolwandle lwesifunda ukuze kube nokuchuma okusimeme okulawulwayo.  

Kanjalo, lezi zizwe eziyi-10 ze-ASEAN, kanye nomhlaba wonke zizobe zichaza umnotho omusha oluhlaza “ozosebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo izilwandle, izilwandle kanye nemithombo yasolwandle” (ngokwe-UN Sustainable Development Goal 14, okuzoba isihloko se umhlangano wamazwe ngamazwe wezinsuku eziningi ngoJuni). Ngoba, okubalulekile ukuthi kufanele kube namathuluzi ezomthetho nawenqubomgomo okuphatha umnotho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuchuma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ukukhula), kanye nomnotho wasolwandle ongokwesiko ukusiyisa ebudlelwaneni obuzinzile nolwandle. 

Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo nge-Ocean Governance
Ukubusa kolwandle kuwuhlaka lwemithetho nezikhungo ezilwela ukuhlela indlela thina bantu esihlobana ngayo nogu nolwandle; ukulungisa nokukhawulela ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwabantu kwezinhlelo zasolwandle. Ukuxhumana kwazo zonke izinhlelo zasolwandle kudinga ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe ezingasogwini ze-ASEAN kanye nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwamandla kazwelonke kanye nokuphathelene nezinsiza ezinentshisekelo efanayo.  

Futhi, yiziphi izinhlobo zezinqubomgomo ezifinyelela lezi zinhloso? Lezo ezichaza izimiso ezifanayo zokubeka izinto obala, ukusimama nokusebenzisana, ezivikela izindawo ezibalulekile ukuze zisekele imisebenzi yezomnotho, zilawule ngokufanele izidingo zesizini, zezwe, nezezinhlobo zezilwane, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nezinjongo zamazwe ngamazwe, zesifunda, zezwe, nezamasiko ezomnotho nezenhlalo. . Ukuklama izinqubomgomo kahle, i-ASEAN kufanele iqonde ukuthi inani nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani; ukuba sengozini yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, amakhemikhali, nokujula; kanye nezidingo zesikhathi eside zokuzinza nokuthula. Ososayensi bangaqoqa futhi bagcine idatha nezisekelo futhi bagcine izinhlaka zokuqapha ezingaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zibe sobala ngokugcwele futhi zidluliselwe.

Okulandelayo yizincomo zezihloko nezindikimba zokubambisana ezivela kulo mhlangano wango-2017 okuhlanganisa izici ezingaba ezibalulekile zeSitatimende Sabaholi Be-ASEAN esihlongozwayo mayelana Nokubambisana Kokuphepha Kwasolwandle Nokuvikelwa Kwemvelo Yasolwandle kanye/noma imizamo eholwa yi-Philippine engenzeka ekuvikelweni kwemvelo yasolwandle yango-2017 nangale kwalokho:

Izihloko

Ama-MPA kanye nama-MPAN
ASEAN Heritage Parks
Ukukhishwa Kwekhabhoni
Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu
Ukuqina kolwandle
Izinto eziphilayo
habitat
Izinhlobo ezifudukayo
Ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle
Maritime Cultural Heritage
Ezokuvakasha
Izilwane zasolwandle
Ukudoba
Amalungelo abantu
IUU
Ulwandle 
Izimayini zasolwandle
amakhebuli
Ukuthutha / ukuhamba kwemikhumbi

Izindikimba

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla esifunda
Ukusimama
Conservation
Protection
Ukunciphisa umzimba
Ukuzijwayeza
Transparency
Ukulandelela
Ukuziphilisa
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenqubomgomo ye-ASEAN / ukuqhubeka phakathi kohulumeni
Ukuqwashisa ukunciphisa ukungazi
Ukwabelana ngolwazi / Imfundo / Ukufinyelela
Ukuhlola/izilinganiso ezijwayelekile
Ucwaningo/ukuqapha ngokubambisana
Ubuchwepheshe / ukudluliswa kwemikhuba engcono kakhulu
Ukusebenzisana nokuphoqelela ukusebenzisana
Igunya / igunya / ukuvumelana kwemithetho

Izinto ezikhuphukele phezulu
Ama-ejensi amelwe e-Philippines akholelwa ukuthi isizwe sabo sinomlando wokuhola kulokhu: Ama-MPA kanye Nezinethiwekhi Zendawo Evikelekile Yasolwandle; ukusebenzelana nomphakathi, okuhlanganisa okuvela kohulumeni basekhaya, ama-NGO, nabantu bomdabu; ukufuna nokwabelana ngolwazi lwendabuko; izinhlelo ezisebenzisanayo zesayensi yasolwandle; ukugunyazwa kwezivumelwano ezifanele; kanye nokubhekana nemithombo kadoti wasolwandle.

Izincomo eziqine kakhulu zezinyathelo zesifunda zihlanganisa izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile ze-GDP eziphawulwe ngenhla (izinhlanzi, ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini kanye nezokuvakasha). Okokuqala, ababambiqhaza bafuna ukubona izindawo zokudoba eziqinile, eziphethwe kahle ukuze zisetshenziswe endaweni, kanye nezimakethe zokuhwebelana ngaphandle. Okwesibili, babona isidingo se-aquaculture ehlakaniphile ebekwe kahle futhi eklanywe kahle ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-ASEAN. Okwesithathu, sixoxisane ngesidingo se-eco-tourism yangempela kanye nengqalasizinda yezokuvakasha esimeme egcizelela ukulondolozwa kwamagugu amasiko, imiphakathi yendawo kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwemboni yomphakathi nezizimele, ukutshalwa kabusha kwezimali esifundeni, nokusebenza, kanye nohlobo oluthile lokuhlukanisa “okukhethekile” okusho okwengeziwe. imali engenayo.

Eminye imibono ebonakala ikufanelekela ukuhlolwa ihlanganisa ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (imihlume, utshani basolwandle, i-carbon sequestration offsets njll.); amandla avuselelekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla (ukuzimela okwengeziwe, nokusiza imiphakathi ekude ichume); kanye nokubheka izindlela zokubona izinkampani imikhiqizo yazo IZINHLE olwandle.

Kunezithiyo ezinkulu ekusebenziseni le mibono. Ukuchitha amahora amabili nesigamu emotweni sihamba cishe amakhilomitha amabili nesigamu kwasinika isikhathi esiningi sokukhuluma ekupheleni kwesimiso sokugcina. Savumelana ngokuthi kukhulu ithemba langempela nesifiso sokwenza okufanele. Ekugcineni, ukuqinisekisa ulwandle olunempilo kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ikusasa elinempilo lezizwe zase-ASEAN. Futhi, umbuso oklanywe kahle wokubusa kolwandle ungabasiza ukuba bafike lapho.

Isithombe sikanhlokweni: Rebecca Weeks/Marine Photobank