I-Vaquita

Sekuyisikhathi eside ngilwesaba lolu suku, iphaneli “engafundwa” postmortem: “Ukongiwa kwemvelo, impikiswano nesibindi e-Upper Gulf of California: ukulwa ne-vaquita vortex”

Inhliziyo yami yayibuhlungu njengoba ngilalela abangani bami nozakwethu sesikhathi eside, u-Lorenzo Rojas-Bracho¹ kanye noFrances Gulland², amazwi abo azwakala emsamo ebika izifundo ezitholwe ekuhlulekeni kwemizamo yokusindisa iVaquita. Bona, njengengxenye yethimba lamazwe ngamazwe lokululama³, nabanye abaningi baye bazama kanzima kangaka ukusindisa le popozi encane eyingqayizivele etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeGulf of California kuphela.

Enkulumweni kaLorenzo, ukhulume okuhle, okubi nokubi kwendaba yeVaquita. Lo mphakathi, izazi zesayensi yezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kanye nezazi zemvelo zenze isayensi evelele, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa izindlela eziguquguqukayo zokusebenzisa ama-acoustics ukubala lawa ma-porpoise asengozini futhi achaze uhla lwawo. Ekuqaleni, bathola ukuthi amaVaquita ayencipha ngenxa yokuthi ayeminza ebanjwe amanetha okudoba. Ngakho, isayensi yabuye yathola ukuthi ikhambi elalibonakala lilula kwakuwukumisa ukudoba ngalezo zikhali endaweni yaseVaquita—ikhambi elahlongozwa lapho iVaquita yayisengaphezu kuka-500.

Okubi ukwehluleka kukahulumeni waseMexico ukuvikela iVaquita kanye nendawo yayo engcwele. Ukungazimiseli okwathatha amashumi eminyaka ukusindisa i-Vaquita yiziphathimandla zokudoba (kanye nohulumeni kazwelonke) kwasho ukwehluleka ukunciphisa ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi okungazobanjwanga kanye nokwehluleka ukukhipha abadobi bezimfanzi endaweni engcwele yase-Vaquita, kanye nokwehluleka ukumisa ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kwe-Totoaba esengozini, amabladder awo antantayo athengiswa emakethe emnyama. Ukushoda kwentando yezombangazwe kuyingxenye esemqoka yale ndaba, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungumlandu omkhulu.

Okubi, yindaba yenkohlakalo nokuhaha. Asikwazi ukuziba indima yakamuva yezinkampani zezidakamizwa ekushushumbiseni izinhlanzi ezintantayo zezinhlanzi zase-Totoaba, ukukhokhela abadobi ukuba baphule umthetho, kanye nokusabisa izikhungo eziphoqelela umthetho kuze kufike futhi kuhlanganise noButho Lwezempi Lwasemanzini waseMexico. Le nkohlakalo yadlulela nasezikhulwini zikahulumeni nakubadobi ngabanye. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle kuyinto yentuthuko yakamuva, ngakho-ke, akunikezi izaba zokungabi bikho kwentando yezombangazwe yokuphatha indawo evikelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iyasivikela ngempela.

Ukushabalala okuzayo kweVaquita akuphathelene nemvelo nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, kumayelana nokubi nokubi. Imayelana nobubha nenkohlakalo. Isayensi ayanele ukuphoqelela ukusetshenziswa kwalokho esikwaziyo ekusindiseni uhlobo lwezilwane.

Futhi sibheka uhlu oludabukisayo lwezinhlobo ezilandelayo ezisengozini yokushabalala. Kwesinye isilayidi, u-Lorenzo ubonise imephu edlula izilinganiso zobumpofu bomhlaba wonke nenkohlakalo nama-cetaceans amancane asengozini. Uma sinethemba lokusindisa okulandelayo kwalezi zilwane, futhi okulandelayo, kufanele sithole ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nobumpofu nenkohlakalo.

Ngo-2017, kwathathwa isithombe sikamongameli waseMexico (onamandla amakhulu), uCarlos Slim, omunye wamadoda acebe kakhulu emhlabeni, kanye nesihlabani sasebhokisini kanye nomlondolozi wemvelo ozinikele uLeonardo DiCaprio njengoba bezibophezele ukusiza ukusindisa iVaquita, okuyinto. ngaleso sikhathi zazilinganiselwa ku-30 ​​izilwane, zehla zisuka ku-250 ngo-2010. Akwenzekanga, azikwazanga ukuhlanganisa imali, ukufinyelela kwezokuxhumana, kanye nentando yezombangazwe yokunqoba okubi nokubi.

Njengoba sazi kahle, ukushushumbiswa kwezingxenye zezilwane ezingavamile nezisengozini ngokuvamile kusiholela eShayina futhi iTotoaba evikelwe emhlabeni wonke iyafana. Iziphathimandla zaseMelika zibambe amakhulu amakhilogremu ezinhlamvu zokubhukuda ezibiza amashumi ezigidi zamadola aseMelika ngesikhathi zishushumbiswa ziwela umngcele ukuze zindize ziwele iPacific. Ekuqaleni, uhulumeni waseShayina wayengabambisene ekubhekaneni nenkinga yesinye i-Vaquita ne-Totoaba ngenxa yokuthi esinye sezakhamuzi zakhona sasinqatshelwe ithuba lokwakha indawo yokungcebeleka kwenye indawo evikelekile eningizimu yeGulf of California. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni waseShayina ubophe futhi washushisa izakhamuzi zawo eziyingxenye yeqembu elingekho emthethweni lokushushumbisa iTotoaba. Ngokudabukisayo, iMexico ayikaze ishushise muntu.

Ngakho, ubani ongena ukuze abhekane nokubi nokubi? Okukhethekile kwami, nokuthi kungani ngimenywe kulo mhlangano⁴ wukukhuluma ngokusimama kokuxhasa ngezimali izindawo ezivikelekile zasolwandle (MPAs), kuhlanganisa nalezo zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle (MMPAs). Siyazi ukuthi izindawo ezivikelekile ezilawulwa kahle emhlabeni noma olwandle zisekela umsebenzi wezomnotho kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ingxenye yokukhathazeka kwethu ukuthi sekuvele kunemali eyanele yesayensi nokuphatha, ngakho-ke kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi singayithola kanjani imali yokubhekana nokubi nokubi.

Ibiza malini? Uxhasa bani ukuze udale ukubusa okuhle, intando yezepolitiki kanye nokuvimba inkohlakalo? Siyenza kanjani intando yokuphoqelela imithetho eminingi ekhona ukuze izindleko zezenzo ezingekho emthethweni zibe nkulu kunemali etholwayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zithole izikhuthazo ezengeziwe zokuphishekela imisebenzi yezomnotho esemthethweni?

Kukhona okwandulela ukwenza kanjalo futhi ngokusobala sizodinga ukukuxhumanisa nama-MPA kanye nama-MMPA. Uma sizimisele ukubekela inselele ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle nezingxenye zezilwane, njengengxenye yokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwabantu, izidakamizwa nezibhamu, sidinga ukwenza ukuxhumana okuqondile endimeni yama-MPA njengethuluzi elilodwa lokuphazamisa ukushushumbiswa okunjalo. Kuzodingeka siphakamise ukubaluleka kokwenza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-MPA asebenza ngempumelelo njengethuluzi lokuvimbela ukushushumbiswa okunjalo uma ezoxhaswa ngokwanele ukuba abambe iqhaza eliphazamisayo.

Enkulumweni yakhe, uDkt. Frances Gulland wachaza ngokucophelela isinqumo esibuhlungu sokuzama ukubamba ama-Vaquita athile futhi awagcine evalelwe, into eyisinengiso cishe kuwo wonke umuntu osebenza ezindaweni ezivikelekile zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle futhi ngokumelene nokuthunjwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ukuze zibukiswe (kuhlanganise naye) .

Inkonyane yokuqala yakhathazeka kakhulu futhi yakhululwa. Ithole alikaze libonwe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi alikaze libikwe ukuthi selishonile. Isilwane sesibili, insikazi endala, naso saqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokukhathazeka futhi sakhululwa. Ngokushesha waphenduka i-180 ° futhi wabhukuda wabuyela ezingalweni zalabo abamkhulula futhi wafa. I-necropsy iveze ukuthi owesifazane oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala uhlaselwe yinhliziyo. Lokhu kuqede umzamo wokugcina wokusindisa iVaquita. Ngakho-ke, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abake bathinta enye yalezi porpoise besaphila.

I-Vaquita ayikashabalali, akukho sitatimende esisemthethweni esizofika isikhathi esithile. Nokho, esikwaziyo ukuthi iVaquita ingase ibhujiswe. Abantu baye basiza izilwane ukuba zilulame ezinombolweni ezincane kakhulu, kodwa lezo zinhlobo (ezifana neCalifornia Condor) zakwazi ukukhuliswa ekuthunjweni futhi zakhululwa (bheka ibhokisi). Ukushabalala kwe-Totoaba nakho kungenzeka—le nhlanzi eyingqayizivele yayisivele isengozini ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile aphuma eMfuleni iColorado ngenxa yokuphambuka emisebenzini yabantu.

Ngiyazi ukuthi abangani bami nozakwethu abathathe lo msebenzi abazange baphele amandla. Bangamaqhawe. Abaningi babo baye bafaka ukuphila kwabo engozini ngenxa yama-narco, futhi abadobi bonakaliswe yiwo. Ukuyeka kwakungeyona inketho kubo, futhi akufanele kube yinketho kunoma ubani wethu. Siyazi ukuthi i-Vaquita ne-Totoaba, nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zithembele kubantu ukuze babhekane nezinsongo zokuphila kwazo ezidalwe abantu. Kufanele silwele ukwenza intando ehlangene yokuhumusha esikwaziyo ekuvikelweni nasekubuyiselweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane; ukuthi singamukela emhlabeni wonke umthwalo wemfanelo wemiphumela yokuhaha komuntu; nokuthi sonke singabamba iqhaza emizamweni yokukhuthaza okuhle, nokujezisa ababi nababi.

¹ I-Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento kanye ne-Uso de la Biodiversidad, eMexico
² I-Marine Mammal Centre, e-USA
³ I-CIRVA—Comité Internacional para la Recuperación de la Vaquita
⁴ I-5th International Congress on Marine Mammal Protected Areas, e-Costa Navarino, Greece