Ukuhumusha ukuphuthuma kube ubuchwepheshe

Ngu-Mark J. Spalding, uMongameli, i-Ocean Foundation

Ngomhla zingama-25 kuSepthemba 2014 ngahambela umcimbi we-Wendy Schmidt Ocean Health X-Prize eMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) eMonterey, California.
Umklomelo we-Wendy Schmidt Ocean Health X-Prize wamanje uwumncintiswano womhlaba wonke obiza izigidi ezimbili zamaRandi ophonsa inselelo amaqembu ukuthi enze ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-pH obuzokwazi ukulinganisa, ngokunembile nangempumelelo amakhemikhali olwandle—hhayi nje ngoba ulwandle lune-asidi engaphezulu ngamaphesenti angama-2 kunasekuqaleni kolwandle. uguquko lwezimboni, kodwa ngoba siyazi futhi ukuthi i-acidification yolwandle ingagxuma ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zolwandle ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Lezi zinguquko zisho ukuthi sidinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe, idatha eyengeziwe ukuze sisize imiphakathi egudle ugu kanye nezizwe eziqhingini ziphendule emiphumeleni ye-acidification yolwandle ekuvikelekeni kokudla kwazo nokuzinza kwezomnotho. Kunemiklomelo emibili: umklomelo Wokunemba we-$ 30 - ukukhiqiza inzwa ye-pH enembe kakhulu, ezinzile futhi enembile; kanye nomklomelo Wokufinyeleleka ongu-$1,000,000 - ukukhiqiza inzwa ye-pH engabizi kakhulu, esebenziseka kalula, enembile, ezinzile, nenembayo.

Abangenele i-Wendy Schmidt Ocean Health X-Prize bavela emazweni ayisithupha kanye nezifunda ezingu-18 zase-US; futhi imele izikole eziningi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni ze-oceanography. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu lentsha evela e-Seaside, eCalifornia lenze umnqamulajuqu (amaqembu angama-11 afake isicelo sokungenela, kwakhethwa angu-77 kuphela ukuthi aqhudelane). Amaphrojekthi wamaqembu asevele ahlolwa ngelebhu e-Oceanology International eLondon, futhi manje asohlelweni lwamathangi alawulwayo cishe izinyanga ezintathu zokuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuvumelana kokufundwa e-MBARI eMonterey.

Okulandelayo, zizothuthelwa e-Puget Sound ePacific Northwest cishe izinyanga ezine zokuhlolwa komhlaba wangempela. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzoba nokuhlolwa kolwandle olujulile (kulazo zinsimbi ezifika kowamanqamu). Lezi zivivinyo zokugcina zizosuselwa emkhunjini usuka eHawaii futhi zenziwa phansi kuze kufike ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-3000 (noma ngaphansi kwamamayela ayi-1.9). Inhloso yomncintiswano ukuthola amathuluzi anembe kakhulu, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula futhi angabizi kakhulu ukuphakela isistimu. Futhi, yebo, kungenzeka ukunqoba yomibili imiklomelo.

Ukuhlola elebhu, ithangi le-MBARI, iPacific Northwest, nase-Hawaii kuhloswe ngakho ukuqinisekisa ubuchwepheshe obebuthuthukiswa amaqembu ayi-18. Abangenele/abaqhudelana nabo futhi bayasizwa ngokwakhiwa kwamakhono ekutheni bangababandakanya kanjani amabhizinisi kanye nokuxhunywa kwemiklomelo yangemuva nemboni. Lokhu ekugcineni kuzofaka ukuxhumana okuqondile kwabangaba abatshalizimali ukuze bayise imikhiqizo yezinzwa ewinayo bayiyise emakethe.

Kunedlanzana lamakhasimende enkampani yezobuchwepheshe kanye nabanye abathanda ubuchwepheshe okuhlanganisa i-Teledyne, izikhungo zocwaningo, i-United States Geological Survey, kanye nezinkampani zokuqapha izindawo zikawoyela negesi (ukuze kubhekwe ukuvuza). Ngokusobala, izosebenza futhi embonini ye-shellfish kanye nemboni yezinhlanzi ezibanjwe zasendle ngoba i-pH ibalulekile empilweni yabo.

Umgomo womklomelo usuwonke ukuthola izinzwa ezingcono nezingabizi kakhulu ukuze kwandiswe ukufinyelela kwezindawo zokuqapha futhi kubandakanye i-deep-sea kanye nezifunda zomhlaba ezidlulele. Ngokusobala kuwumsebenzi omkhulu kwezokuthutha ukuhlola zonke lezi zinsimbi futhi kuzojabulisa ukubona umphumela. Thina e-The Ocean Foundation sinethemba lokuthi lezi zikhuthazi zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe ngokushesha zizovumela Abangane bethu be-Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network ukuthi bathole izinzwa ezingabizi kakhulu nezinembile ukuze andise ukusabalala kwaleyo nethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke futhi bakhe isisekelo solwazi sokuthuthukisa izimpendulo ezifika ngesikhathi kanye nokunciphisa. amasu.

Idlanzana lososayensi (abasuka ku-MBARI, UC Santa Cruz, Stanford's Hopkins Marine Station, kanye neMonterey Bay Aquarium) emcimbini baphawule ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-acid olwandle kufana ne-meteor ebheke emhlabeni. Ngeke sikwazi ukulibazisa isenzo kuze kube yilapho izifundo zesikhathi eside seziqediwe futhi zihanjiswa kumajenali abuyekezwe ngontanga ukuze ashicilelwe ekugcineni. Kudingeka sisheshise isivinini socwaningo lapho sibhekene nephuzu olwandle lwethu. U-Wendy Schmidt, uJulie Packard waseMonterey Bay Aquarium kanye noMmeleli wase-US uSam Farr baqinisekise leli phuzu elibucayi. Lo Mklomelo we-X wolwandle kulindeleke ukuthi ukhiqize izixazululo ezisheshayo.

Lo mklomelo uhloselwe ukukhuthaza ukuqamba okusha. Sidinga impumelelo esiza ukuphendula inkinga ephuthumayo yokwenziwa kweasidi olwandle, nakho konke okuguquguqukayo namathuba ezisombululo zasendaweni—uma sazi ukuthi kuyenzeka. Umklomelo ngandlela thize uwuhlobo lokuthola izixuku zezixazululo zenselele yokulinganisa ukuthi ikhemistri yolwandle ishintsha kuphi futhi ingakanani. "Ngamanye amazwi, sifuna imbuyiselo esezingeni eliphezulu ekutshalweni kwezimali," kusho uWendy Schmidt. Kwethenjwa ukuthi lo mklomelo uzoba nabawinile ngoJulayi 2015.

Futhi, maduze kuzoba neminye imiklomelo engu-X yezempilo yasolwandle ezayo. Njengoba besiyingxenye yomhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi ngezisombululo ze-“Ocean Big Think” ku-X-Prize Foundation ngoJuni odlule e-Los Angeles, kuzojabulisa ukubona ukuthi iqembu le-X-Prize Foundation likhetha ukugqugquzela ini ngokulandelayo.