Inqubomgomo Yezinhlanzi Yase-US

Ngasekuqaleni kwale nyanga, ngicashunwe esihlokweni seWashington Post “I-US iqinisa inqubomgomo yokudoba, ibeka imikhawulo yokudoba ka-2012 kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane eziphethwe” nguJuliet Eilperin (ikhasi A-1, Januwari 8th 2012).

Indlela esiphatha ngayo imizamo yokudoba yisihloko esithinta abadobi, imiphakathi edobayo kanye nabamele inqubomgomo yokudoba, hhayi inqwaba yabanye abantu. Iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ilokhu iqhela kancane kancane kwifilosofi ethi “inhlanzi ngakho konke ongakwenza” ithi “asiqinisekise ukuthi kunezinhlanzi esikhathini esizayo” kusukela ngo-1996, lapho kwacaca ukuthi izindawo zethu zokudoba zisenkingeni. Ngo-2006, iCongress yaphasisa ukugunyazwa kabusha komthetho wokuphathwa kwemboni yokudoba. Umthetho udinga ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphatha imboni yokudoba zibeke imikhawulo yaminyaka yonke yokubamba, imikhandlu yabaphathi bezifunda ilalele izincomo zabeluleki besayensi lapho bebeka imingcele yokubamba, futhi wengeze imfuneko yezinyathelo zokuziphendulela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinhloso ziyahlangatshezwa. Imfuneko yokuqeda ukudoba ngokweqile kwakuzohlangatshezwana nayo eminyakeni emi-2, ngakho-ke sisalele emuva kancane ohlelweni. Nokho, ukumiswa kokudoba ngokweqile kwezinhlanzi ezithile ezithengiswayo kuyamukeleka noma kunjalo. Eqinisweni, ingijabulisile imibiko evela emikhandlwini yethu yezindawo zokudoba ethi izinhlinzeko “zesayensi kuqala” zokugunyazwa kabusha kuka-2006 ziyasebenza. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi silinganisele ukuzingela kwethu lezi zilwane zasendle ezingeni elivumela izinhlanzi ukuba zilulame.  

Manje kufanele sizibuze ukuthi ziyini izinjongo zethu zokuphatha imboni yokudoba uma esikufunayo kuwukuphela kokudoba ngokweqile kanye nomzamo ophumelelayo wokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kokungacwasi, kanye nokucekela phansi izindawo zokudoba?

• Kudingeka silahlekelwe ithemba lokuthi izinhlanzi zasendle zingondla ngisho no-10% wabantu bomhlaba
• Sidinga ukuvikela ukudla kwezilwane zasolwandle ezingakwazi nje ukushwibeka ngabakwaMcDonalds ukuze bathole ukudla okujabulisayo lapho izinhlanzi zabo ezidla ukudla zinyamalala.
• Kudingeka sithuthukise amandla ezilwane zasolwandle ukuze zivumelane namanzi afudumele, ukushintsha amakhemikhali olwandle, neziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu, ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi sinabantu abanempilo nezindawo ezinempilo abangahlala kuzo.
• Ukwengeza emikhawulweni yethu emisha yokudotshwa konyaka emisha, sidinga ukuba nokulawula okunengqondo ekudobeni okungasolwandle ukuze sigweme ukubulawa nokulahlwa kwezinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nezinye izilwane zasolwandle ebezingeyona ingxenye yalokho okuhlosiwe.
• Kudingeka sivikele izingxenye zolwandle ezintweni zokudoba ezibhubhisayo; isibonelo, izindawo zokuzalela kanye nokuncelisa izinhlanzi, indawo ethambile yolwandle, izindawo eziyingqayizivele ezingakahlolisiswa, amakhorali, kanye nezindawo zomlando, ezamasiko nezemivubukulo.
• Kudingeka sihlonze izindlela esingafuya ngazo izinhlanzi eziningi emhlabeni ukuze sinciphise ingcindezi ezilwaneni zasendle futhi singangcolisi imizila yethu yamanzi, ngoba ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini kakade kuwumthombo wezinhlanzi esinazo manje.
• Okokugcina, sidinga intando yezombangazwe kanye nezabelo zokuqapha kwangempela ukuze abenzi bobubi bangalimazi izimpilo zemiphakathi ezinikele edobayo ekhathazekile ngalesi sikhathi nekusasa.

Abantu abaningi, abanye bathi abaningi njengo-1 kwabangu-7 (yebo, lokho abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1), bathembele ezinhlanzini ngezidingo zabo zamaprotheni, ngakho-ke kudingeka sibheke ngale kwe-United States. I-US ingumholi ekubekeni imikhawulo yokubamba futhi iqhubekele phambili ekusimameni ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa sidinga ukusebenzisana nabanye ekudobeni okungekho emthethweni, okungabikwanga nokungalawulwa (IUU) ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi iplanethi yethu ayiqhubeki nokuba nesimo lapho amandla omhlaba okudoba adlula ngokuphawulekayo umthamo wezinhlanzi wokuzalana ngokwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudoba ngokweqile kuwudaba lokuvikeleka kokudla emhlabeni wonke, futhi kuzofanele kudingidwe ngisho nasezilwandle eziphakeme lapho kungekho sizwe esinamandla okuphatha.

Ukubanjwa nokudayiswa kwanoma yisiphi isilwane sasendle, njengokudla esikalini sohwebo somhlaba wonke, akusimeme. Asikwazanga ukukwenza ngezilwane zasemhlabeni, ngakho-ke akufanele silindele inhlanhla ngezinhlobo zasolwandle. Ezimweni eziningi, abadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa, abalawulwa umphakathi bangakwazi ukusimama ngempela, kodwa, nakuba umqondo womzamo wokudoba wendawo ophethwe kahle uphindaphindeka, awukwazi ukukhuphukela ezingeni elizokondla inani labantu base-US, kakhulu. ngaphansi komhlaba, noma izilwane zasolwandle eziyingxenye ebalulekile yolwandle olunempilo. 

Ngisaqhubeka nokukholelwa ukuthi imiphakathi edobayo inesandla esikhulu ekusimameni, futhi ngokuvamile, izindlela ezimbalwa zezomnotho nezendawo esikhundleni sokudoba. Phela kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-40,000 XNUMX balahlekelwa imisebenzi eNew England kuphela ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile eNorth Atlantic Cod. Manje, inani lama-cod kungenzeka liyakhiwa kabusha, futhi kungaba kuhle ukubona abadobi bendawo beqhubeka nokuziphilisa kule mboni yendabuko ngokuphatha kahle nokubhekisisa ikusasa.

Singathanda ukubona izindawo zokudoba zasendle emhlabeni zibuyela emazingeni azo omlando (inani lezinhlanzi olwandle ngo-1900 laliphindwe ka-6 kunalokho eliyikho namuhla). Siyaziqhenya ngokweseka bonke abasebenzela ukubuyisela ulwandle futhi ngaleyo ndlela sivikele abantu abathembele emithonjeni yalo yemvelo (nawe ungaba yingxenye yalokhu kusekelwa, vele uchofoze lapha.)

UMark J. Spalding