I-Vaquita Izoshabalala Ngezintshisekelo Zabathengi

I-Vaquita ibilokhu iwuhlobo olukhathazayo amashumi eminyaka. Indawo yayo kanye nendawo yokudoba izimfanzi kuyahambisana. Siyazi ukuthi iminyaka yomzamo isihambile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimpahla ezintsha zokudoba okungenzeka mancane kakhulu ukuthi zibulale i-Vaquita, futhi ngokufanayo, nesu lokwakhiwa kwemakethe yezimfanzi ezibanjwa ngokuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-Vaquita inezinyanga, futhi akukabi neminyaka esele ukuze igcinwe, asikwazi ukuphazanyiswa yileli thuluzi elilinganiselwe kakhulu futhi elisekude kakhulu ukulisebenzisa. Isenzo esibaluleke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi kufanele kube ukuvalwa kwendawo yonke yayo kukho konke ukudoba ngama-gillnet, bese kuqalwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuqinisa umthetho.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthuthukiswa kwelebula ethi “Vaquita safe” kuyithuba eselidlulile, noma elingase libuye ngokuzayo (uma i-Vaquita ivinjelwa ukuthi ingashabalali futhi nezinombolo zayo zilulame kakhulu).

Sinenyamazane encane esengozini enkulu indawo yayo KUPHELA esendaweni esenyakatho ye-Gulf of California, indawo yayo yemvelo ngokwengxenye ivikelwe ephepheni njenge-refugium yezilwane ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulondoloza imvelo ye-UNESCO. Sinendawo yokudoba ama-gill net shrimp osekunesikhathi eside ihlinzeka imiphakathi emibili edobayo ngokuzithumela emakethe yase-US. Sinemboni yokudoba engekho emthethweni yakamuva futhi enenzuzo emangalisayo lapho okuhloswe khona kuyi-totoaba esengozini yokushabalala. Isinye esintantayo sale nhlanzi saziwa njengesibiliboco eChina, lapho sifakwa kusobho elingabiza amaRandi angu-25,000 XNUMX endishini nalapho abathengi bekholelwa ukuthi esinyeni senhlanzi sisiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwegazi lomuntu, ibala lesikhumba nokuzala.

Sineqiniso elingenakubekezelelwa lokuthi kunamaVaquita angaphansi kwengxenye manje kunango-2007.

Siphinde sibe namashumi eminyaka etshalomali ekuthuthukiseni ezinye izinto zokudoba okuthi uma abadobi bebezimisele ukuzisebenzisa, besingakwazi ukunciphisa ukubanjwa kweVaquita ngengozi amanetha ezimfanzi. uma, futhi kuphela uma, sithola nethuba lokuvumela abantu ukuthi bakhe kabusha.

Kepha okokuqala, mningi umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe uMnyango Wezokudoba waseMexico i-CONAPESCA kanye negatsha eliphezulu laseMexico ukuthi kuvalwe indawo yokuhlala yaseVaquita kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabantu, noma okungenani ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele kwamanethi e-gill e-Upper Gulf, futhi ukuphoqelelwa kokuvalwa nokuvinjelwa okunjalo kuyaphuthuma futhi ithemba lethu lokugcina. Asikwazi ukuzithembisa (noma ukuvumela abanye ukuba benze) ukuthi imakethe entsha yezimfanzi ezizinzile iyodwa izosindisa i-Vaquita ekuqothulweni lapho sekusele ama-Vaquita angama-97 kuphela.

Ukuqiniswa kwesiqiwi i-Vaquita ekulweni nokudoba ngokungemthetho yikho obekuntula futhi yisona sixazululo esingaba khona esikhathini esifushane. Lesi kube isiphetho esiyinhloko sazo zonke Umbiko we-CIRVA (IKomidi Lamazwe Ngamazwe Lokubuyiselwa Kwe-Vaquita), i IPHAKATHI (Izinhlelo Zokulondolozwa Kwemvelo) kanye ne Umbiko we-NACAP (I-North American Conservation Action Plan) futhi kwavunyelwana yiwo wonke umuntu kuKhomishana Kamongameli waseMexico. Ukubambezeleka okuqhubekayo esikhundleni sokwenza okuthile kuye kwavumela inani le-Vaquita lehla kanye nenani le-totoaba okufanele libanjwe futhi lishushumbiselwe e-China ukuze linyukele phezulu—ukushabalala kwesibili kungenzeka.

Kuthiwa, uhulumeni waseMexico ekugcineni uzosebenzisa ukuvikela okudingekayo ngokuphoqelela okugcwele ngomhla wokuqala kaMashi. Kodwa-ke, kusekukhulu ukukhathazeka ukuthi uhulumeni waseMexico akanayo intando yezepolitiki yokwenza isinqumo sokuvala nokuqiniswa komthetho. Kuyodinga ukulwa namaqembu anamandla ezidakamizwa, kanye neqembu lemiphakathi emincane (iPuerto Peñasco neSan Carlos) onomlando wokubhikisha okungathi sína nobudlova—futhi njengoba kunezinxushunxushu ezikhulayo kwezinye izinhlangothi, njengalezo ezishubile. basacasulwe yisigameko sokubulawa kwabafundi abangu-43 nezinye izenzo zonya.

Kuyalinga, uma umuntu esesihlalweni sokuthatha izinqumo, ukuqhubeka nesu elingaphumeleli lezinyathelo ezincane kanye nemibono emikhulu mayelana nezixazululo ezisekelwe emakethe. Kubukeka sengathi isenzo, kugwema izindleko zokunxephezela abadobi ngeholo elilahlekile kanye nokuphoqelela umthetho, futhi igwema ukubhekana nezinqola ngokungenelela ekuhwebeni kwe-totoaba okungekho emthethweni okunenzuzo enkulu. Kuze kube yisilingo sokubuyela emuva ekutshalweni kwezimali okukhulu kuze kube manje kumandla welinye igiya njengempumelelo.

I-United States ingumthengi omkhulu wezimfanzi zase-Gulf of California.

 Siyimakethe, njengoba siphinde sibe yimakethe yemikhiqizo yama-cartel. Ngokusobala siyindawo yokudluliselwa kwempahla totoaba isendleleni yokuba isobho eChina. Inani leziqhumane zezinhlanzi eziye zabanjwa emngceleni cishe liyincopho yeqhwa ekuhwebeni okungekho emthethweni.

Pho kufanele kwenzekeni?

Uhulumeni wase-US kufanele akwenze kucace ukuthi izimfanzi zase-Gulf of California azamukelekile kuze kube yilapho umthetho ususebenza futhi ne-Vaquita iqala ukululama. Uhulumeni wase-US kufanele aqinise eyakhe imizamo yokunqanda ukushabalala kwe-totoaba—esohlwini lwe-CITES kanye noMthetho Wezilwane Ezisengozini Yokuqothulwa wase-US. Uhulumeni waseShayina kufanele aqede imakethe ye-totoaba ngokuphoqelela imikhawulo yokuhweba futhi akwenze kube ngokungemthetho ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala ukuthola amakhambi ezempilo angabazekayo.