Blue Economy

1. Gabatarwa
2. Menene Tattalin Arziki na Blue?
3. Tasirin Tattalin Arziki
4. Kiwo da Kiwon Kifi
5. Yawon shakatawa, Jirgin ruwa, da Kamun Kifi na Nishaɗi
6. Fasaha a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Blue
7. Girman shuɗi
8. Gwamnatin Kasa da Ayyukan Kungiyoyi na Duniya

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Danna ƙasa don ƙarin koyo game da tsarin tattalin arzikinmu mai dorewa:

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1. Gabatarwa

Daulolin sun dogara ne gaba daya kan yadda ake amfani da albarkatun kasa, da kuma cinikin kayayyakin masarufi (tubu, kayan yaji, chinaware), da (abin bakin ciki) bayi kuma sun dogara ne kan teku don jigilar kayayyaki. Hatta juyin juya halin masana’antu, man da ke cikin teku ne ke yin amfani da shi, domin idan ba tare da man spermaceti ba da zai rika shafawa injinan, sikelin da ake samarwa ba zai canza ba. Masu saka hannun jari, speculators, da masana'antar inshora (Lloyd's na London) duk an gina su ne daga shiga cikin kasuwancin teku na duniya a cikin kayan yaji, man whale, da karafa masu daraja.

Don haka, saka hannun jari a tattalin arzikin teku ya kusan tsufa kamar tattalin arzikin tekun kansa. To me yasa muke magana kamar akwai wani sabon abu? Me yasa muke ƙirƙira kalmar "tattalin arzikin shuɗi?" Me yasa muke tunanin akwai sabon damar haɓaka daga "tattalin arzikin shuɗi?"

(sabon) Tattalin Arziki na Blue yana nufin ayyukan tattalin arziƙin da suka dogara a ciki, kuma waɗanda ke da kyau ga teku, kodayake ma'anoni sun bambanta. Yayin da manufar Tattalin Arziki na Blue ke ci gaba da canzawa da daidaitawa, ana iya tsara ci gaban tattalin arziki a cikin teku da al'ummomin bakin teku don zama tushen ci gaba mai dorewa a duniya.

A jigon sabon ra'ayin Tattalin Arziki na Blue shine kawar da haɗin gwiwar ci gaban zamantakewar al'umma daga lalacewar muhalli… wani yanki na dukkan tattalin arzikin teku wanda ke da ayyukan sake haɓakawa da dawo da ayyukan da ke haifar da haɓaka lafiyar ɗan adam da walwala, gami da amincin abinci da ƙirƙira. na rayuwa mai dorewa.

Mark J. Spalding | Fabrairu, 2016

Koma baya

2. Menene Tattalin Arziki na Blue?

Spalding, MJ (2021, Mayu 26) Saka hannun jari a cikin Sabon Tattalin Arziki na Blue. The Ocean Foundation. An dawo daga: https://youtu.be/ZsVxTrluCvI

The Ocean Foundation abokin tarayya ne kuma mai ba da shawara ga Rockefeller Capital Management, yana taimakawa gano kamfanonin jama'a waɗanda samfurori da ayyukansu suka dace da bukatun kyakkyawar dangantakar ɗan adam da teku. Shugaban TOF Mark J. Spalding ya tattauna wannan haɗin gwiwa da saka hannun jari a cikin tattalin arzikin shuɗi mai dorewa a cikin gidan yanar gizo na 2021 na baya-bayan nan.  

Wenhai L., Cusack C., Baker M., Tao W., Mingbao C., Paige K., Xiaofan Z., Levin L., Escobar E., Amon D., Yue Y., Reitz A., Neves AAS , O'Rourke E., Mannarini G., Pearlman J., Tinker J., Horsburgh KJ, Lehodey P., Pouliquen S., Dale T., Peng Z. da Yufeng Y. (2019, Yuni 07). Nasarar Misalan Tattalin Arziki na Blue Tare da Ƙaddamar da Ra'ayoyin Ƙasashen Duniya. Ƙarfafa a Kimiyyar Ruwa 6 (261). An dawo daga: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00261

Tattalin Arziki na Blue yana aiki azaman tsari da manufa don dorewar ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ruwa da kuma sabbin fasahohin tushen ruwa. Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken bayyani da nazari na ka'idoji da na zahiri da ke wakiltar yankuna daban-daban na duniya don ba da yarjejeniya kan Tattalin Arziki na Blue gabaɗaya.

Banos Ruiz, I. (2018, Yuli 03). Blue Tattalin Arziki: Ba don Kifi kawai ba. Deutsche Welle. An dawo daga: https://p.dw.com/p/2tnP6.

A cikin takaitaccen bayani kan Tattalin Arziki na Blue, gidan rediyon Deutsche Welle na kasar Jamus ya ba da bayani kai tsaye kan tattalin arzikin blue mai fuskoki da dama. Da yake magana kan barazanar kamar kifin kifaye, sauyin yanayi, da gurbatar filastik, marubucin ya ce abin da ke damun teku ba shi da kyau ga bil'adama kuma akwai sauran wurare da dama da ke bukatar ci gaba da hadin gwiwa don kare dimbin arzikin tattalin arzikin teku.

Keen, M., Schwarz, AM, Wini-Simeon, L. (Fabrairu 2018). Zuwa Ga Ma'anar Tattalin Arzikin Shuɗi: Darussan Aiki Daga Gudanarwar Tekun Fasifik. Manufar Ruwa. Vol. 88 pg. 333 - shafi. 341. An karbo daga: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.002

Marubutan sun ɓullo da tsarin ra'ayi don magance ire-iren kalmomin da ke da alaƙa da Tattalin Arziki na Blue. An nuna wannan tsarin a cikin nazarin yanayin kamun kifi guda uku a cikin tsibirin Solomon: ƙanana, kasuwannin birane na ƙasa, da bunƙasa masana'antu na duniya ta hanyar sarrafa tuna tuna a bakin teku. A matakin kasa, akwai sauran kalubale da suka hada da goyon bayan gida, daidaiton jinsi da kuma mazabu na siyasa na cikin gida wadanda duk suka shafi dorewar Tattalin Arziki na Blue.

Ƙa'idodin Asusun Namun Daji na Duniya (2018) don Dorewar Tattalin Arziki Mai Dorewa. Asusun namun daji na duniya. An dawo daga: https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/oceans/publications/?247858/Principles-for-a-Sustainable-Blue-Economy

Ka'idojin Asusun Asusun Namun daji na Duniya don Dorewar Tattalin Arziki Mai Dorewa na nufin fayyace a taƙaice manufar Tattalin Arzikin Blue don tabbatar da bunƙasa tattalin arzikin teku yana ba da gudummawa ga wadata na gaskiya. Labarin ya ba da hujjar cewa ya kamata a tafiyar da tattalin arzikin Blue mai dorewa ta hanyar jama'a da matakai masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke da alaƙa, cikakkun bayanai, daidaitawa, daidaitawa, gaskiya, cikakke, da kuma aiwatarwa. Don cim ma waɗannan manufofin jama'a da masu zaman kansu dole ne su saita manufofin da za a iya aunawa, tantancewa da sadar da ayyukansu, samar da isassun ƙa'idodi da ƙarfafawa, sarrafa yadda ake amfani da sararin ruwa yadda ya kamata, haɓaka ƙa'idodi, fahimtar gurɓataccen ruwa yakan samo asali ne daga ƙasa, kuma su ba da haɗin kai don haɓaka canji. .

Grimm, K. da J. Fitzsimmons. (2017, Oktoba 6) Bincike da Shawarwari akan Sadarwa game da Tattalin Arziki na Blue. Spitfire. PDF

Spitfire ya ƙirƙiri nazarin shimfidar wuri kan sadarwa game da Tattalin Arziki na Blue don 2017 Mid-Atlantic Blue Ocean Economy 2030 Forum. Binciken ya nuna babbar matsalar ita ce rashin ma'ana da ilimi a cikin masana'antu da tsakanin jama'a da masu tsara manufofi. Daga cikin ƙarin shawarwarin dozin ɗin sun gabatar da jigo na gama gari game da buƙatar saƙon dabaru da haɗin kai.

Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. (2017, Mayu 3). Yarjejeniyar Ci gaban Blue a Cabo Verde. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. An dawo daga: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmw4kvfUnZI

Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana tallafa wa Jihohi masu tasowa na kananan tsibiri ta hanyar ayyuka da dama a duniya, gami da Yarjejeniya Ta Batun Ci Gaba. An zaɓi Cape Verde a matsayin aikin gwaji na Yarjejeniya Taimakon Ci gaban Shuɗi don haɓaka manufofi da saka hannun jari masu alaƙa da ci gaban teku mai dorewa. Bidiyon yana ba da haske game da fannoni daban-daban na Tattalin Arziki na Blue ciki har da ramifications ga al'ummar yankin ba sau da yawa ana gabatar da su a cikin manyan sikelin Tattalin Arziki na Blue.

Spalding, MJ (2016, Fabrairu). Sabon Tattalin Arziki na Blue: Makomar Dorewa. Jaridar Ocean and Coastal Economics. An dawo daga: http://dx.doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1052

Sabon Tattalin Arziki na Blue kalma ne da aka haɓaka don bayyana ayyukan da ke haɓaka kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin ƙoƙarin ɗan adam, ayyukan tattalin arziki, da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa.

Shirin Kudi na Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. (2021, Maris). Juya Ruwa: Yadda ake samun kuɗi don dawo da teku mai dorewa: Jagora mai amfani ga cibiyoyin kuɗi don jagorantar farfadowar teku mai dorewa. Ana iya saukewa anan akan wannan gidan yanar gizon.

Wannan jagorar taron karawa juna sani da Shirin Kudi na Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayar, kayan aiki ne na farko-farko na kasuwa don cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi don karfafa ayyukansu wajen samar da kudade mai dorewa na tattalin arzikin shudi. An tsara shi don bankuna, masu insurer da masu zuba jari, jagorar ta bayyana yadda za a kaucewa da kuma rage haɗarin muhalli da zamantakewa da tasiri, da kuma nuna damammaki, lokacin samar da jari ga kamfanoni ko ayyuka a cikin tattalin arzikin blue. An bincika mahimman sassan teku guda biyar, waɗanda aka zaɓa don kafaffen haɗin gwiwa tare da kuɗi masu zaman kansu: abincin teku, jigilar kaya, tashar jiragen ruwa, yawon shakatawa na bakin teku da na ruwa da makamashi mai sabuntawa na ruwa, musamman iskar teku.

Koma baya

3. Tasirin Tattalin Arziki

Bankin Raya Asiya / Kamfanin Kudi na Kasa da Kasa tare da haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Babban Jari ta Duniya (ICMA), Ƙaddamarwar Kuɗi na Shirin Muhalli na Ƙasashen Duniya (UNEP FI), da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya (UNGC) (2023, Satumba). Haɗin kai don Ba da Tallafin Tattalin Arziki Mai Dorewa: Jagorar Ma'aikata. https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Sustainable-finance/Bonds-to-Finance-the-Sustainable-Blue-Economy-a-Practitioners-Guide-September-2023.pdf

Sabuwar jagora akan haɗin gwiwar shuɗi don taimakawa buɗe kuɗi don dorewar tattalin arzikin teku | International Capital Market Association (ICMA) tare da International Finance Corporation (IFC) - memba na Bankin Duniya Group, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Global Compact, da Asian Development Bank da UNEP FI sun ɓullo da wani duniya mai aiki na jagora ga shaidu don samar da dorewa mai dorewa. blue tattalin arziki. Wannan jagorar son rai tana ba wa mahalarta kasuwa cikakkun ma'auni, ayyuka, da misalai don bayar da lamuni na “blue bond” da bayarwa. Tattara bayanai daga kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi, masana'antar teku da cibiyoyi na duniya, yana ba da bayanai kan mahimman abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙaddamar da tabbataccen “shaɗin shuɗi,” yadda za a kimanta tasirin muhalli na saka hannun jari na “blue bond”; da matakan da ake buƙata don sauƙaƙe hada-hadar da ke kiyaye mutuncin kasuwa.

Spalding, MJ (2021, Disamba 17). Auna Dorewar Tattalin Arzikin Tekun Zuba Jari. Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/measuring-sustainable-ocean-economy-investing

Zuba hannun jari a cikin tattalin arzikin teku mai dorewa ba kawai game da fitar da sauye-sauye masu inganci ba ne kawai, har ma game da samar da kariya da maido da albarkatun shuɗi maras amfani. Muna ba da shawarar manyan nau'o'i bakwai na saka hannun jari mai ɗorewa na shuɗi, waɗanda ke kan matakai daban-daban kuma za su iya ɗaukar hannun jari na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu, ba da kuɗaɗen bashi, agaji, da sauran hanyoyin samun kuɗi. Waɗannan nau'ikan guda bakwai sune: ƙarfin tattalin arziƙin teku da na al'umma, haɓaka sufurin teku, sabunta makamashin teku, saka hannun jarin tushen teku, fasahar fasahar teku, tsaftace teku, da hasashen ayyukan teku masu zuwa. Bugu da ari, masu ba da shawara na saka hannun jari da masu mallakar kadara na iya tallafawa saka hannun jari a cikin tattalin arzikin shuɗi, gami da haɗa kamfanoni da jawo su zuwa ga ingantacciyar ɗabi'a, samfura, da ayyuka.

Metroeconomica, The Ocean Foundation, da WRI Mexico. (2021, Janairu 15). Kimar Tattalin Arziki na Rarraba Rarraba a Yankin MAR da Kayayyaki da Sabis ɗin da suke bayarwa, Rahoton Karshe. Inter-American Development Bank. PDF.

Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS ko MAR) shine mafi girman yanayin halittu a Amurka kuma mafi girma na biyu a duniya. Binciken ya yi la'akari da sabis na samarwa, sabis na al'adu, da kuma daidaita ayyukan da tsarin halittu na reef ke bayarwa a yankin MAR, kuma ya gano cewa yawon shakatawa da nishaɗi sun ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 4,092 a yankin Mesoamerican, tare da kamun kifi ya ba da gudummawar ƙarin dala miliyan 615. Fa'idodin kariyar teku na shekara-shekara ya kai dala miliyan 322.83-440.71. Wannan rahoto shine ƙarshen zaman aiki huɗu na kan layi a cikin Janairu 2021 bita tare da masu halarta sama da 100 waɗanda ke wakiltar ƙasashe MAR huɗu: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, da Honduras. Takaitacciyar Takaitawa na iya zama samu a nan, kuma za a iya samun bayanan bayanai a ƙasa:

Voyer, M., van Leeuwen, J. (2019, Agusta). "Lasisin zamantakewa don Aiki" a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Blue. Manufar Albarkatu. (62) 102-113. An dawo daga: https://www.sciencedirect.com/

The Blue Tattalin Arziki a matsayin tsarin tattalin arziki na tushen teku yana kira don tattaunawa game da rawar da lasisin zamantakewa don aiki. Labarin ya ba da hujjar cewa lasisin zamantakewa, ta hanyar amincewar al'ummomin gida da masu ruwa da tsaki, yana shafar ribar aikin dangane da Tattalin Arziki na Blue.

Taron Tattalin Arziki na Blue. (2019) zuwa ga Tattalin Arziki Mai Dorewa a cikin Caribbean. Taron Tattalin Arziki na Blue, Roatan, Honduras. PDF

Ƙaddamarwa a duk faɗin Caribbean sun fara sauye-sauye zuwa ga hada-hadar, sassa daban-daban da kuma samar da dorewa gami da tsarin masana'antu da gudanar da mulki. Rahoton ya ƙunshi nazarin shari'o'i biyu na ƙoƙarin Grenada da Bahamas da albarkatu don ƙarin bayani kan shirye-shiryen da aka mayar da hankali kan ci gaba mai dorewa a yankin Caribbean mai faɗi.

Attri, VN (Nuwamba 2018, 27).). Sabbin Damar Zuba Jari Masu Haɓaka Ƙarƙashin Tattalin Arziki Mai Dorewa. Dandalin Kasuwanci, taron tattalin arziki mai dorewa. Nairobi, Kenya. PDF

Yankin Tekun Indiya yana ba da damammakin saka hannun jari don dorewar tattalin arzikin Blue. Za a iya tallafawa zuba jari ta hanyar nuna kafaffen haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ayyukan dorewa na kamfanoni da ayyukan kuɗi. Mafi kyawun sakamako don haɓaka zuba jari mai dorewa a cikin Tekun Indiya zai zo tare da sa hannun gwamnatoci, kamfanoni, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.

Mwanza, K. (2018, Nuwamba 26). Al'ummomin Kamun Kifi na Afirka suna fuskantar "kashewa" yayin da Tattalin Arziki Buɗaɗɗen Ya haɓaka: Masana." Thomas Reuters Foundation. An dawo daga: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-oceans-blueeconomy/african-fishing-communities-face-extinction-as-blue-economy-grows-experts-idUSKCN1NV2HI

Akwai haɗarin cewa shirye-shiryen bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin Blue na iya mayar da al'ummomin kamun kifi saniyar ware yayin da ƙasashe suka ba da fifikon yawon buɗe ido, kamun masana'antu, da kudaden shiga na bincike. Wannan ɗan gajeren labarin yana nuna matsalolin haɓaka haɓaka ba tare da la'akari da dorewa ba.

Caribank. (2018, Mayu 31). Taron karawa juna sani: Ba da Tallafin Tattalin Arziki na Blue- Damar Ci gaban Caribbean. Bankin Raya Kasari. An dawo daga: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2O1Nf4duVRU

Bankin Raya Caribbean ya karbi bakuncin taron karawa juna sani a taron su na shekara-shekara na 2018 kan "Kudaden Tattalin Arziki na Blue- Damar Ci gaban Caribbean." Taron karawa juna sani ya tattauna hanyoyin ciki da na kasa da kasa da ake amfani da su wajen ba da tallafi ga masana'antu, da inganta tsarin tsare-tsare na tattalin arziki mai launin shudi, da inganta damar zuba jari a cikin tattalin arzikin Blue.

Sarker, S., Bhuyan, Md., Rahman, M., Md. Islam, Hossain, Md., Basak, S. Islam, M. (2018, Mayu 1). Daga Kimiyya zuwa Aiki: Binciko Abubuwan Tattalin Arziki na Blue don Haɓaka Dorewar Tattalin Arziki a Bangladesh. Gudanar da Teku da Ruwa. (157) 180-192. An dawo daga: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii

Ana nazarin Bangladesh a matsayin nazarin yuwuwar Tattalin Arziki na Blue, inda ake da fa'ida sosai, duk da haka akwai sauran ƙalubale da yawa, musamman a harkokin kasuwanci da kasuwanci da suka shafi teku da teku. Rahoton ya gano cewa Ci gaban Blue, wanda labarin ya bayyana a matsayin karuwar ayyukan tattalin arziki a cikin teku, ba dole ba ne ya sadaukar da dorewar muhalli don samun ribar tattalin arziki kamar yadda ake gani a Bangladesh.

Sanarwa na Ƙa'idodin Kuɗi na Tattalin Arziki Mai Dorewa. (2018 Janairu 15). Hukumar Tarayyar Turai. An dawo daga: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ declaration-sustainable-blue-economy-finance-principles_en.pdf

Wakilan bangaren ayyukan kudi da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da suka hada da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai, Asusun Kula da Halittu na Duniya, da Sashin Dorewa na kasa da kasa na Yariman Wales sun kirkiro wani tsari na Ka'idojin Zuba Jari na Tattalin Arziki. Ka'idoji goma sha huɗu sun haɗa da kasancewa a bayyane, sane da haɗari, tasiri, da tushen kimiyya lokacin haɓaka Tattalin Arziki na Blue. Manufar su ita ce tallafawa ci gaban da samar da tsari don dorewar tattalin arzikin tushen teku.

Blue Economy Caribbean. (2018). Abubuwan Aiki. BEC, Abubuwan Sabbin Makamashi. An dawo daga: http://newenergyevents.com/bec/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/11/BEC_5-Action-Items.pdf

Bayanan bayanan da ke nuna matakan da ake buƙatar ci gaba da bunkasa tattalin arzikin blue a cikin Caribbean. Waɗannan sun haɗa da jagoranci, daidaitawa, bayar da shawarwarin jama'a, buƙatu, da ƙima.

Blue Economy Caribbean (2018). Caribbean Blue Tattalin Arziki: Ra'ayin OECS. Gabatarwa. BEC, Abubuwan Sabbin Makamashi. An dawo daga: http://newenergyevents.com/blue-economy-caribbean/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2018/11/BEC_Showcase_OECS.pdf

Kungiyar Kasashen Gabashin Caribbean (OECS) ta gabatar a kan Tattalin Arziki na Blue a cikin Caribbean ciki har da bayyani game da muhimmancin tattalin arziki da manyan 'yan wasa a yankin. Hangensu yana mai da hankali kan lafiya da wadataccen yanayi mai ɗimbin halittu na Gabashin tekun Caribbean mai dorewa da ake sarrafa su yayin da suke da hankali wajen haɓaka ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin ga mutanen yankin. 

Gwamnatin Anguilla. (2018) Tallace-tallacen Anguilla's 200 Mile EFZ An Gabatar a Taron Tattalin Arziki na Blue Blue, Miami. PDF

Mai rufe sama da murabba'in kilomita 85,000, EFZ na Anguilla yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin Caribbean. Gabatarwar ta ba da jita-jita gaba ɗaya na aiwatar da tsarin lasisin kamun kifi a teku da misalan fa'idodin da suka gabata ga ƙasashen tsibirin. Matakan ƙirƙirar lasisi sun haɗa da tattarawa da nazarin bayanan kamun kifi, ƙirƙirar tsarin doka don ba da lasisin ketare da samar da sa ido da sa ido.

Hansen, E., Holthus, P., Allen, C., Bae, J., Goh, J., Mihailescu, C., da C. Pedregon. (2018). Rukunin Tekun Teku: Jagoranci da Haɗin kai don Ci gaba Mai Dorewa a Tekun da Aiwatar da Manufofin Ci gaba Mai Dorewa. Majalisar Tekun Duniya. PDF

Rukunin Tekun teku/Maritime yanki ne na masana'antun ruwa masu alaƙa waɗanda ke raba kasuwanni gama gari kuma suna aiki kusa da juna ta hanyar cibiyoyin sadarwa da yawa. Waɗannan gungu za su iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ci gaba mai dorewa a teku ta hanyar haɗa sabbin abubuwa, gasa-samar riba da tasirin muhalli.

Humphrey, K. (2018). Blue Economy Barbados, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Maritime da Tattalin Arziki ta Blue. PDF

Tsarin Tattalin Arziƙin Blue na Barbados ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai uku: sufuri da dabaru, gidaje da baƙi, da lafiya da abinci mai gina jiki. Manufar su ita ce kiyaye muhalli, zama makamashi mai sabuntawa 100%, hana robobi, da inganta manufofin kula da ruwa.

Parsan, N. da A. Juma'a. (2018). Babban Tsare-tsare don Girman shuɗi a cikin Caribbean: Nazarin Harka daga Grenada. Gabatarwa a Blue Economy Caribbean. PDF

Hurricane Ivan ya lalata tattalin arzikin Grenada a cikin 2004 kuma daga baya ya ji tasirin Rikicin Kudi wanda ya kai kashi 40% na rashin aikin yi. Wannan ya ba da dama don haɓaka Ci gaban Blue don sabunta tattalin arziki. Bankin Duniya ne ya ba da kuɗin aikin gano gungu tara na ayyukan da burin St. George ya zama babban birni na farko da ya dace da yanayin yanayi. Ana kuma iya samun ƙarin bayani kan tsarin Babban Growth Master na Grenada nan.

Ram, J. (2018) Tattalin Arziki na Blue: Damar Ci gaban Caribbean. Caribbean Development Bank. PDF

Daraktan Tattalin Arziki a Bankin Ci Gaban Caribbean wanda aka gabatar a 2018 Blue Economy Caribbean akan damar masu zuba jari a yankin Caribbean. Gabatarwar ta haɗa da sabbin nau'ikan saka hannun jari kamar Haɗin Kuɗi, Blue Bonds, Tallafin da za a iya dawo da su, Bashi-domin Hali, da kuma magance saka hannun jari na sirri kai tsaye a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Blue.

Klinger, D., Eikeset, AM, Davíðsdóttir, B., Winter, AM, Watson, J. (2017, Oktoba 21). Makanikai na Ci gaban Shuɗi: Gudanar da Amfani da Albarkatun Ruwa na Tekun Ruwa tare da Maɗaukaki, Masu Mu'amala. Manufar Ruwa (87). 356-362.

Ci gaban shuɗi ya dogara ne akan haɗaɗɗen sarrafa sassan tattalin arziƙi da yawa don yin amfani da albarkatun teku da kyau. Saboda yanayin yanayin tekun akwai hadin gwiwa da kuma gaba da juna, tsakanin yawon bude ido da samar da makamashi a teku, da kuma tsakanin yankuna daban-daban da kasashe da ke neman iyakacin albarkatu.

Spalding, MJ (2015 Oktoba 30). Kallon Ƙananan Cikakkun bayanai. Shafin yanar gizo game da taron koli mai suna "The Oceans in National Income Accounts: Neman Consensus on Definitions and Standards". The Ocean Foundation. An shiga Yuli 22, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/looking-at-the-small-details/

The (sabon) tattalin arzikin blue ba game da sababbin fasaha masu tasowa ba ne, amma ayyukan tattalin arziki da suke da dorewa vs. maras dorewa. Koyaya, lambobin rarraba masana'antu ba su da bambanci na ayyuka masu ɗorewa, kamar yadda taron "Asusun Kuɗin Kuɗi na Kasa" ya ƙaddara a Asilomar, California. Lambobin rarrabuwa na Shugaban TOF Mark Spalding na shafin yanar gizo suna ba da ma'auni masu mahimmanci na bayanan da suka wajaba don nazarin canji akan lokaci da kuma sanar da manufofin.

Shirin Tattalin Arzikin Tekun Ƙasa. (2015). Bayanan Kasuwa. Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Middlebury a Monterey: Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Blue. An dawo daga: http://www.oceaneconomics.org/market/coastal/

Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Tsakiya ta Middlebury tana ba da ƙididdiga masu yawa da ƙimar tattalin arziƙin masana'antu bisa ma'amalar kasuwa a cikin Tekun da tattalin arzikin bakin teku. An raba shi da shekara, jiha, gunduma, sassan masana'antu, da kuma yankuna da dabi'u na bakin teku. Yawan bayanansu yana da matukar fa'ida wajen nuna tasirin masana'antun teku da na bakin teku kan tattalin arzikin duniya.

Spalding, MJ (2015). Dorewar Teku da Gudanar da Albarkatun Duniya. Bulogi akan "Taron Kimiyyar Dorewar Teku". The Ocean Foundation. An shiga Yuli 22, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/blog/ocean-sustainability-and-global-resource-management

Daga robobi zuwa Ocean Acidification mutane ne ke da alhakin halin lalacewa a halin yanzu kuma dole ne mutane su ci gaba da yin aiki don inganta yanayin tekun duniya. Shugaban TOF Mark Spalding's blog post yana ƙarfafa ayyukan da ba su da lahani, haifar da dama don maido da teku, da kuma ɗaukar matsin lamba daga teku a matsayin hanyar da aka raba.

Sashin Ilimin Tattalin Arziki. (2015). Tattalin Arzikin Buluwa: Ci gaba, Dama, da Tattalin Arzikin Teku Mai Dorewa. Masanin Tattalin Arziki: Takardar taƙaitaccen bayani don taron koli na Tekun Duniya 2015. An dawo daga: https://www.woi.economist.com/content/uploads/2018/ 04/m1_EIU_The-Blue-Economy_2015.pdf

Da farko da aka shirya don taron kolin tekun duniya na 2015, Sashen Hankali na Masana Tattalin Arziki ya duba bullar tattalin arzikin shuɗi, daidaiton tattalin arziki da kiyayewa, da kuma dabarun saka hannun jari. Wannan takarda ta ba da cikakken bayyani game da ayyukan tattalin arziki na tushen teku kuma yana ba da batutuwan tattaunawa kan makomar ayyukan tattalin arziki da suka shafi masana'antun da ke mai da hankali kan teku.

BenDor, T., Lester, W., Livengood, A., Davis, A. da L. Yonavjak. (2015). Ƙididdiga Girma da Tasirin Tattalin Arzikin Maido da Muhalli. Makarantar Kimiyya ta Kimiyya 10 (6): e0128339. An dawo daga: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128339

Bincike ya nuna cewa maido da muhalli a cikin gida, a matsayin sashe, yana samar da kusan dala biliyan 9.5 a tallace-tallace a shekara da kuma ayyukan yi 221,000. Ana iya kiran maido da muhalli gabaɗaya a matsayin ayyukan tattalin arziƙi wanda ke taimakawa wajen dawo da yanayin yanayin yanayin ingantacciyar lafiya da cika ayyuka. Wannan binciken shine na farko da ya nuna fa'idodin kididdiga na maido da muhalli a matakin ƙasa.

Kildow, J., Colgan, C., Scorse, J., Johnston, P., da M. Nichols. (2014). Jihar Tekun Amurka da Tattalin Arzikin Tekun 2014. Cibiyar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki ta Blue: Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙasashen Duniya ta Middlebury a Monterey: Shirin Tattalin Arzikin Tekun Ƙasa. An dawo daga: http://cbe.miis.edu/noep_publications/1

Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Monterey ta Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Blue tana ba da zurfin nazari kan ayyukan tattalin arziki, kididdigar alƙaluma, ƙimar kaya, ƙimar albarkatun ƙasa da samarwa, kashe kuɗin gwamnati a Amurka da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar teku da bakin teku. Rahoton ya buga teburi da ƙididdiga masu yawa waɗanda ke ba da cikakkiyar ƙididdiga na tattalin arzikin teku.

Conathan, M. da K. Kroh. (2012 Yuni). Tushen Tattalin Arziki Mai Shuɗi: CAP Ta Ƙaddamar da Sabon Aikin Inganta Masana'antun Teku Masu Dorewa. Cibiyar Ci gaban Amirka. An dawo daga: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2012/06/ 27/11794/thefoundations-of-a-blue-economy/

Cibiyar Ci gaban Amirka ta samar da taƙaitaccen bayani game da aikinsu na Tattalin Arziki na Blue wanda ke mayar da hankali kan dangantakar muhalli, tattalin arziki, da masana'antu waɗanda suka dogara da su tare da teku, bakin teku, da manyan tabkuna. Rahoton nasu ya nuna bukatar yin nazari mai zurfi game da tasirin tattalin arziki da dabi'un da ba koyaushe suke bayyana ba a cikin nazarin bayanan gargajiya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙin da ke buƙatar tsaftataccen muhallin teku mai lafiya, kamar ƙimar kasuwanci na kadarorin bakin ruwa ko kayan amfanin mabukaci da aka samu ta hanyar tafiya a bakin teku.

Koma baya

4. Kiwo da Kiwon Kifi

A ƙasa zaku sami cikakken ra'ayi game da kifaye da kifaye ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na ingantaccen Tattalin Arziki na Blue, don ƙarin cikakken bincike don Allah a duba shafukan albarkatun ƙasa na The Ocean Foundation a kan. Tsarin Kiwo mai dorewa da kuma Kayayyaki da Dabaru don Ingantacciyar Gudanar da Kifi bi da bi.

Bailey, KM (2018). Darussan Kamun kifi: Kamun kifi na fasaha da makomar Tekun mu. Chicago da London: Jami'ar Chicago Press.

Kananan kamun kifi na taka rawa sosai wajen samar da ayyukan yi a duniya, suna samar da kashi daya zuwa kashi biyu bisa uku na abincin kifi da ake kamawa a duniya amma suna daukar kashi 80-90% na masu aikin kifi a duk duniya, rabinsu mata ne. Amma matsalolin sun ci gaba. Yayin da masana'antu ke haɓaka yana zama da wahala ga ƙananan masunta su kula da haƙƙin kamun kifi, musamman ma yayin da yankunan suka yi yawa. Yin amfani da labarun sirri daga masunta a duniya, Bailey yayi tsokaci game da masana'antar kamun kifi ta duniya da dangantakar dake tsakanin ƙananan kamun kifi da muhalli.

Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. (2018). Yanayin Kamun Kifi da Ruwan Kifi na Duniya: Cimma Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. Roma. PDF

Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2018 game da kamun kifi na duniya ya ba da cikakken bincike kan bayanan da suka dace don sarrafa albarkatun ruwa a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Blue. Rahoton ya nuna manyan ƙalubalen da suka haɗa da ci gaba da dorewa, haɗaɗɗiyar hanya ta sassa daban-daban, magance yanayin rayuwa, da ingantaccen rahoton ƙididdiga. Akwai cikakken rahoto nan.

Allison, EH (2011).  Kiwo, Kiwon Kifi, Talauci da Tsaron Abinci. An ba da izini ga OECD. Penang: Cibiyar Kifi ta Duniya. PDF

Rahoton Cibiyar Kifi ta Duniya ya nuna cewa, tsare-tsare masu dorewa a harkar kamun kifin da kiwo na iya samar da gagarumar nasara wajen samar da abinci da rage talauci a kasashe masu tasowa. Dole ne kuma a aiwatar da manufofin dabarun tare da ayyuka masu dorewa don yin tasiri na dogon lokaci. Ingantattun ayyukan kamun kifi da kiwo suna amfanar al'ummomi da yawa muddin an canza su zuwa yankuna da ƙasashe. Wannan yana goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa ayyuka masu ɗorewa suna da tasiri mai zurfi a kan tattalin arzikin gaba ɗaya kuma yana ba da jagora ga ci gaban kamun kifi a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Blue.

Mills, DJ, Westlund, L., de Graaf, G., Kura, Y., Willman, R. da K. Kelleher. (2011). Ba a bayar da rahoto ba da ƙima: Ƙananan kamun kifi a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa a cikin R. Pomeroy da NL Andrew (eds.), Sarrafa Ƙananan Kamun Kifi: Tsarukan da Hanyoyi. UK: CABI. An dawo daga: https://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/9781845936075/

Ta hanyar nazarin yanayin “hoton hoto” Mills na duba ayyukan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na kamun kifi a kasashe masu tasowa. Baki daya, kananan kamun kifi ba su da kima a matakin kasa musamman dangane da tasirin kamun kifi wajen samar da abinci, rage radadin talauci da samar da rayuwa, da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi harkokin kiwon kifi na cikin gida a kasashe masu tasowa da dama. Kamun kifi na ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassa na tattalin arzikin teku kuma wannan cikakken nazari yana ƙarfafa haƙiƙanin ci gaba mai dorewa.

Koma baya

5. Yawon shakatawa, Jirgin ruwa, da Kamun Kifi na Nishaɗi

Conathan, M. (2011). Kifi a ranar Juma'a: Layi miliyan goma sha biyu a cikin Ruwa. Cibiyar Ci gaban Amirka. An dawo daga: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2011/ 07/01/9922/fishon-fridays-twelve-million-lines-in-the-water/

Cibiyar Ci gaban Amirka ta yi nazarin binciken cewa kamun kifi na nishaɗi, wanda ya shafi Amirkawa sama da miliyan 12 a kowace shekara, yana barazana ga yawancin nau'o'in kifaye a adadi marasa daidaituwa idan aka kwatanta da kamun kifi na kasuwanci. Mafi kyawun al'ada don iyakance tasirin muhalli da wuce gona da iri ya haɗa da bin dokokin lasisi da aiwatar da kamawa da saki. Binciken wannan labarin na mafi kyawun ayyuka yana taimakawa haɓaka ingantaccen gudanarwa mai dorewa na Tattalin Arziki na Blue.

Zappino, V. (2005 Yuni). Yawon shakatawa na Caribbean da Ci gaba: Bayanin [Rahoton Karshe]. Takardar Tattaunawa Na 65. Cibiyar Kula da manufofin ci gaba ta Turai. An dawo daga: http://ecdpm.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/11/DP-65-Caribbean-Tourism-Industry-Development-2005.pdf

Yawon shakatawa a yankin Caribbean na daya daga cikin manyan masana'antu a yankin, wanda ke jan hankalin miliyoyin 'yan yawon bude ido a duk shekara ta wuraren shakatawa da kuma wurin balaguro. A cikin nazarin tattalin arziki da ya shafi ci gaba a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Blue, Zappino ya dubi tasirin muhalli na yawon shakatawa tare da yin nazari mai dorewa a shirye-shiryen yawon shakatawa a yankin. Ya ba da shawarar ci gaba da aiwatar da jagororin yanki don ayyuka masu ɗorewa waɗanda ke amfanar al'ummomin yankin da ake buƙata don ci gaban Tattalin Arziƙi na Blue.

Koma baya

6. Fasaha a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Blue

Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka.(Afrilu 2018). Ƙarfafa Rahoton Tattalin Arziƙi na Blue. Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka, Ofishin Inganta Makamashi da Sabunta Makamashi. https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/downloads/powering-blue-economy-report

Ta hanyar bincike mai zurfi game da yuwuwar damar kasuwa, Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka tana kallon ikon sabbin iyawa da ci gaban tattalin arziki a cikin makamashin teku. Rahoton ya duba wutar lantarki ga masana'antu na ketare da na kusa da suka hada da samar da wutar lantarki, juriya ga bakin teku da dawo da bala'i, kiwo na teku, da tsarin wutar lantarki ga al'ummomin keɓe. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani kan batutuwan wutar lantarki da suka haɗa da marine algae, desalination, resiliency na bakin teku da keɓantaccen tsarin wutar lantarki. nan.

Michel, K. da P. Noble. (2008). Ci gaban fasaha a cikin sufurin ruwa. Gada 38:2, 33-40.

Michel da Noble sun tattauna ci gaban fasaha a cikin manyan sabbin abubuwa a cikin masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki ta teku. Marubutan sun jaddada bukatar ayyukan da suka dace da muhalli. Manyan wuraren tattaunawa a cikin labarin sun haɗa da ayyukan masana'antu na yanzu, ƙirar jirgin ruwa, kewayawa, da aiwatar da nasarar aiwatar da fasaha mai tasowa. Jirgin ruwa da kasuwanci sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakar teku da fahimtar jigilar teku yana da mahimmanci don samun dorewar tattalin arzikin shuɗi.

Koma baya

7. Girman shuɗi

Soma, K., van den Burg, S., Hoefnagel, E., Stuiver, M., van der Heide, M. (2018 Janairu). Ƙirƙirar zamantakewa- Hanya ce ta gaba don Ci gaban shuɗi? Manufar Ruwa. Vol 87: shafi. shafi na 363. 370. An karbo daga: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/

Dabarun ci gaban shuɗi kamar yadda Tarayyar Turai ta gabatar na neman jawo sabbin fasahohi da ra'ayoyin da ke da ƙarancin tasiri ga muhalli, yayin da kuma yin la'akari da hulɗar zamantakewar da ake buƙata don ayyuka masu dorewa. A cikin nazarin yanayin kiwo a cikin Tekun Arewa ta Yaren mutanen Holland masu bincike sun gano ayyukan da za su iya amfana daga ƙididdigewa yayin da suke la'akari da halaye, haɓaka haɗin gwiwa, da kuma binciken da aka yi na dogon lokaci akan muhalli. Duk da yake har yanzu akwai kalubale da yawa, ciki har da sayayya daga masu samar da gida, labarin ya nuna mahimmancin yanayin zamantakewa a cikin tattalin arzikin shuɗi.

Lillebø, AI, Pita, C., Garcia Rodrigues, J., Ramos, S., Villasante, S. (2017, Yuli) Ta yaya Sabis na Tsarin Halitta na Ruwa za su Goyi bayan Ajandar Ci gaban Blue? Manufofin ruwa (81) 132-142. An dawo daga: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0308597X16308107?via%3Dihub

Ajandar ci gaban shuɗi ta Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta yi dubi kan samar da sabis na muhalli na ruwa musamman a fannonin kiwo, fasahar kere-kere, blue makamashi da samar da jiki na hako albarkatun ruwa da yawon buɗe ido. Waɗannan sassan duk sun dogara ne da lafiyayyen yanayin yanayin ruwa da na bakin teku waɗanda ke yiwuwa ne kawai ta hanyar ƙa'ida da kula da ingantaccen sabis na muhalli. Marubutan suna jayayya cewa damar haɓakar Blue Growth tana buƙatar kewaya kasuwanci tsakanin iyakokin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da muhalli, kodayake ci gaba zai amfana daga ƙarin dokokin gudanarwa.

Virdin, J. da Patil, P. (eds.). (2016). Zuwa Tsarin Tattalin Arziki na Blue: Alƙawari don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a cikin Caribbean. Bankin Duniya. An dawo daga: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/25061/Demystifying0t0the0Caribbean0Region.pdf

An ƙirƙira shi don masu tsara manufofi a cikin yankin Caribbean, wannan bita tana aiki a matsayin cikakken bayyani na manufar Tattalin Arziki na Blue. Jihohin Caribbean da yankuna suna da alaƙa sosai da albarkatun ƙasa na Tekun Caribbean kuma fahimtar da auna tasirin tattalin arzikin suna da mahimmanci don ci gaba mai dorewa ko daidaito. Rahoton ya kasance mataki na farko na tantance haƙiƙanin yuwuwar teku a matsayin sararin tattalin arziki da injin bunƙasa, yayin da yake ba da shawarar tsare-tsare don inganta ingantaccen amfani da teku da teku.

Asusun namun daji na duniya. (2015, Afrilu 22). Farfado da Tattalin Arzikin Tekun. WWF International Production. An dawo daga: https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/reviving-the-oceans-economy-the-case-for-action-2015

Tekun na da babbar gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin duniya kuma dole ne a dauki mataki don inganta ingantaccen kiyaye muhallin bakin teku da na ruwa a dukkan kasashe. Rahoton ya nuna takamaiman ayyuka guda takwas da suka haɗa da, buƙatar rungumar manufofin ci gaba mai dorewa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da yanke hayaki don magance yawan acid ɗin teku, yadda ya kamata sarrafa aƙalla kashi 10 na yankunan ruwa a kowace ƙasa, fahimtar kariyar muhalli da sarrafa kamun kifi, hanyoyin da suka dace na kasa da kasa don yin shawarwari da haɗin gwiwa, haɓaka haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke yin la'akari da jin daɗin jama'a, haɓaka fa'idodin fa'idodin teku na gaskiya da gaskiya, kuma a ƙarshe ƙirƙirar dandamali na duniya don tallafawa da raba ilimin teku dangane da bayanai. Tare waɗannan ayyuka na iya farfado da tattalin arzikin teku kuma suna haifar da maidowar teku.

Koma baya

8. Gwamnatin Kasa da Ayyukan Kungiyoyi na Duniya

Dandalin Tattalin Arziki na Afirka Blue. (Yuni 2019). Bayanin Ra'ayin Dandalin Tattalin Arziki na Afirka Blue. Blue Jay Communication Ltd., London. PDF

Form na Tattalin Arziki na Afirka na Biyu ya mayar da hankali ne kan ƙalubale da damammaki a cikin bunƙasar tattalin arzikin teku a Afirka, dangantakar dake tsakanin masana'antu na gargajiya da masu tasowa, da haɓaka dorewa ta hanyar bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin madauwari. Babban abin da aka yi magana akai shi ne yawan gurɓacewar teku. Yawancin farkon fara-up sun fara magance batun gurbata teku, amma waɗannan luthallely sun rasa kudade ga masana'antun masana'antu.

Yarjejeniyar Blue Charter ta Commonwealth. (2019). Blue Tattalin Arziki. An dawo daga: https://thecommonwealth.org/blue-economy.

Akwai alaka ta kut-da-kut tsakanin teku, da sauyin yanayi, da jin dadin jama'ar kasa baki daya wanda ya nuna cewa dole ne a dauki matakai. Samfurin Tattalin Arziki na Blue yana nufin haɓaka jin daɗin ɗan adam da daidaiton zamantakewa, tare da rage haɗarin muhalli da ƙarancin muhalli. Wannan shafin yanar gizon yana nuna manufar Yarjejeniya ta Blue Charter don taimakawa kasashe su bunkasa hadaddiyar hanya don gina tattalin arzikin blue.

Kwamitin fasaha na taron tattalin arziki mai dorewa. (2018, Disamba). Rahoton Karshen Taron Tattalin Arziki Mai Dorewa. Nairobi, Kenya Nuwamba 26-28, 2018. PDF

Taron tattalin arziki mai dorewa na duniya, wanda aka gudanar a birnin Nairobi na kasar Kenya, ya mayar da hankali ne kan ci gaba mai dorewa wanda ya hada da teku, teku, tafkuna, da koguna bisa ajandar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2030. Mahalarta taron sun fito ne daga shugabannin kasashe da wakilan kungiyoyin kasa da kasa zuwa bangaren kasuwanci da shugabannin al’umma, inda aka gabatar da su kan bincike da kuma halartar tarukan tattaunawa. Sakamakon taron shi ne samar da sanarwar Nairobi na ci gaban tattalin arziki mai dorewa.

Bankin Duniya. (2018, Oktoba 29). Bayar da Haɗin Kan Sarauta: Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi. Ƙungiyar Bankin Duniya. An dawo daga:  https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/10/29/ sovereign-blue-bond-issuance-frequently-asked-questions

A Blue Bond bashi ne da gwamnatoci da bankunan ci gaba suka bayar don tara jari daga masu zuba jari don ba da gudummawar ayyukan ruwa da na teku waɗanda ke da fa'idodin muhalli, tattalin arziki, da yanayi. Jamhuriyar Seychelles ita ce ta farko da ta ba da Blue Bond, sun kafa Asusun Tallafawa Blue Grant na dala miliyan 3 da kuma asusun zuba jari na dala miliyan 12 don bunkasa kamun kifi mai dorewa.

Dandalin Tattalin Arziki na Afirka Blue. (2018). Rahoton Karshe na Dandalin Tattalin Arziki na Afirka 2018. Blue Jay Communication Ltd. London. PDF

Taron wanda ke da hedikwata a birnin Landan ya tattaro kwararu na kasa da kasa da jami'an gwamnati don tsara dabarun bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasashen Afirka daban-daban dangane da ajandar kungiyar tarayyar Afirka ta 2063 da kuma manufofin ci gaba mai dorewa na MDD (SDGs). Batutuwan da aka tattauna sun hada da kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba, da tsaron teku, da harkokin mulki na teku, da makamashi, da kasuwanci, da yawon bude ido, da kirkire-kirkire. Taron ya kare da yin kira da a dauki mataki don aiwatar da ayyuka masu dorewa a aikace.

Hukumar Tarayyar Turai (2018). Rahoton Tattalin Arziki na Shekara-shekara na 2018 akan Tattalin Arzikin Blue na EU. Harkokin Maritime na Tarayyar Turai da Kamun Kifi. An dawo daga: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ 2018-annual-economic-report-on-blue-economy_en.pdf

Rahoton na shekara-shekara ya ba da cikakken bayani game da girma da fa'idar tattalin arzikin shuɗi game da Tarayyar Turai. Manufar rahoton ita ce tantancewa da kuma amfani da karfin teku, teku da tekun Turai don bunkasar tattalin arziki. Rahoton ya hada da tattaunawa kan tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kai tsaye, sassan baya-bayan nan da masu tasowa, nazarin shari'o'i daga kasashe mambobin EU game da ayyukan tattalin arziki blue.

Ina, Francois. (2017 Mayu 28). Yadda Kasashen Afirka za su iya cin gajiyar babbar damar Tekunsu. Tattaunawa. An dawo daga: http://theconversation.com/how-african-countries-can-harness-the-huge-potential-of-their-oceans-77889.

Batun mulki da tsaro sun zama wajibi don tattaunawa kan tattalin arzikin kasashen Afirka da za a yi amfani da su wajen samun ingantacciyar fa'idar tattalin arziki. Laifuka irin su kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba, fashin teku, da fashi da makami, fasa-kwauri, da hijira ba bisa ka'ida ba, ya sa kasashe su kasa gane karfin teku, gabar teku da teku. Dangane da mayar da martani, an ɓullo da tsare-tsare da dama da suka haɗa da ƙarin haɗin gwiwa a kan iyakokin ƙasa da tabbatar da aiwatar da dokokin ƙasa tare da yin daidai da yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan amincin teku.

Kungiyar Bankin Duniya da Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. (2017). Mahimmancin Tattalin Arzikin Buɗaɗɗiyya: Ƙara Fa'idodin Dorewa na Dorewar Amfani da Albarkatun Ruwa don Kananan Tsibiri masu tasowa na Jihohi da Ƙasashe mafi ƙanƙanta na bakin teku. Bankin Duniya na Gine-gine da Ci gaba, Bankin Duniya. An dawo daga:  https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/26843/115545.pdf

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa zuwa ga tattalin arzikin shuɗi wanda duk ya dogara da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa na gida da na ƙasa. An binciko waɗannan ta hanyar bayyani na Bankin Duniya game da direbobin tattalin arziki na Blue Tattalin Arziki a cikin littafinsu kan ƙasashe marasa ci gaba na bakin teku da ƙananan ƙasashe masu tasowa na tsibirai.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. (2016). Tattalin Arzikin Buɗaɗɗen Afirka: Littafin Jagora. Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka. An dawo daga: https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/blue-eco-policy-handbook_eng_1nov.pdf

Kasashe 90 daga cikin hamsin da hudu na Afirka na bakin teku ne ko kuma na tsibirai kuma sama da kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su nahiyar Afirka ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar ruwa lamarin da ya sa nahiyar ta dogara sosai kan teku. Wannan littafin jagorar manufofin yana ɗaukar hanyar ba da shawara don tabbatar da kulawa mai dorewa da kiyaye albarkatun ruwa da na ruwa waɗanda ke yin la'akari da barazanar kamar raunin yanayi, rashin tsaro na teku, da rashin isasshen damar samun albarkatu. Takardar ta gabatar da bincike da dama da ke nuna ayyukan da kasashen Afirka ke yi a halin yanzu don bunkasa tattalin arzikin shudiyya. Har ila yau littafin ya ƙunshi jagorar mataki-mataki don bunƙasa manufofin Tattalin Arziki na Blue, wanda ya haɗa da tsara ajanda, daidaitawa, gina ikon mallakar ƙasa, fifikon sassa, tsara manufofi, aiwatar da manufofi, da sa ido da kimantawa.

Neumann, C. da T. Bryan. (2015). Ta yaya Sabis na Muhalli na Ruwa ke Goyan bayan Manufofin Ci gaba Mai Dorewa? A cikin Tekun da Mu - Yadda lafiyayyen halittun ruwa ke goyan bayan cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Christian Neumann, Lindwood Pendleton, Anne Kaup da Jane Glavan ne suka gyara. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Shafi na 14-27. PDF

Sabis na yanayin muhalli na ruwa yana tallafawa maƙasudin ci gaba mai dorewa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (SDGs) daga abubuwan more rayuwa da matsuguni zuwa kawar da talauci da rage rashin daidaito. Ta hanyar bincike tare da zane-zane masu zane-zane marubutan suna jayayya cewa teku ba ta da makawa wajen samar da bil'adama kuma ya kamata ya zama fifiko yayin da ake aiki da manufofin ci gaba mai dorewa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Alƙawuran ƙasashe da yawa game da SDGs sun zama ƙarfafawa ga Tattalin Arziki na Blue da kuma ci gaba mai dorewa a duniya.

Cicin-Sain, B. (2015 Afrilu). Buri na 14—Kiyaye da Dorewa Amfani da Tekuna, Tekuna da Albarkatun Ruwa don Ci gaba mai dorewa. Tarihin UN, Vol. LI (Na 4). An dawo daga: http://unchronicle.un.org/article/goal-14-conserve-and-sustainably-useoceans-seas-and-marine-resources-sustainable/

Buri na 14 na muradun ci gaba mai dorewa na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UN SDGs) ya bayyana buƙatar kiyaye teku da kuma amfani da albarkatun ruwa mai dorewa. Babban tallafi na kula da teku ya fito ne daga ƙananan ƙasashe masu tasowa na tsibiri da ƙasashe marasa ci gaba waɗanda sakaci na teku ke fama da su. Shirye-shiryen da suka yi magana game da Buri na 14 sun kuma yi aiki don cimma wasu muradun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya bakwai na SDG da suka hada da talauci, samar da abinci, makamashi, bunkasar tattalin arziki, ababen more rayuwa, rage rashin daidaito, birane da matsugunan mutane, ci da noma mai dorewa, sauyin yanayi, bambancin halittu, da hanyoyin aiwatarwa. da haɗin gwiwa.

The Ocean Foundation. (2014). Takaitaccen Tattaunawar Tattaunawar Tattaunawa akan Ci gaban Blue (blog akan teburi a Gidan Sweden). The Ocean Foundation. Samun shiga Yuli 22, 2016. https://oceanfdn.org/summary-from-the-roundtable-discussion-on-blue-growth/

Daidaita jin daɗin ɗan adam da kasuwanci don ƙirƙirar ci gaban maidowa tare da takamaiman bayanai yana da mahimmanci don ci gaba tare da Ci gaban Blue. Wannan takarda ita ce taƙaitaccen tarurruka da tarurruka masu yawa kan yanayin tekun duniya wanda gwamnatin Sweden tare da haɗin gwiwar The Ocean Foundation suka shirya.

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