Ma'adinan Zurfafan Teku Ba za su iya Goyan bayan Canjin Kore ba: Sashe na 1

Kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai su ne tura ma'adinai mai zurfi (DSM) kamar yadda ya cancanta zuwa canjin kore. Suna nufin hako ma'adanai kamar cobalt, jan ƙarfe, nickel, da manganese, suna jayayya cewa ana buƙatar waɗannan ma'adanai don magance sauyin yanayi da kuma canzawa zuwa ƙarancin tattalin arzikin carbon. 

A hakikanin gaskiya, wannan labari yana ƙoƙari ya gamsar da mu cewa lalacewar da ba za ta iya jurewa ba ga nau'in halittu masu zurfi na teku mai zurfi shine mummunar mummunar hanya a kan hanyar da za ta lalata. Abin hawa lantarki (EV), baturi, da masana'antun lantarki; gwamnatoci; da wasu sun mai da hankali kan canjin makamashi suna ƙara rashin yarda. A maimakon haka, ta hanyar kirkire-kirkire da kawancen kirkire-kirkire, suna samar da ingantacciyar hanya: Ci gaba na baya-bayan nan a cikin sabbin abubuwa na batir yana nuna motsi daga hako ma'adinan teku masu zurfi, da kuma bunkasa tattalin arzikin madauwari da zai durkusar da dogaro da duniya kan hakar ma'adinai. 

Waɗannan ci gaban suna faruwa ne tare da haɓakar fahimtar cewa ba za a iya gina ingantaccen makamashi mai dorewa a farashin ƙaddamar da masana'antar hakowa ba, a shirye don lalata yanayin yanayin duniya mafi ƙarancin fahimta ( zurfin teku) tare da katse mahimman ayyukan da take bayarwa. Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP FI) ta fito rahoton 2022 - wanda aka yi niyya ga masu sauraro a fannin kuɗi, kamar bankuna, masu inshora, da masu saka hannun jari - akan kuɗi, nazarin halittu, da sauran haɗarin hakar ma'adinai mai zurfi a cikin teku. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa "babu wata hanyar da za a iya gani ta yadda za a iya kallon kuɗaɗen ayyukan hakar ma'adinai mai zurfi a cikin teku kamar yadda aka tsara. Ka'idojin Kuɗi na Tattalin Arziki Mai Dorewa.” Ko da Kamfanin Metals (TMC), ɗaya daga cikin masu goyon bayan DSM, ya yarda cewa sabbin fasahohin na iya buƙatar ma'adanai mai zurfi na teku, kuma farashin DSM na iya zama. kasa tabbatar da ayyukan kasuwanci. 

Tare da sanya idanu kan tattalin arziƙin kore a nan gaba, sabbin fasahohin fasaha na buɗe hanya don samun ci gaba mai dorewa ba tare da zurfin ma'adinan teku ko haɗarin da ke tattare da DSM ba. Mun hada jerin sashe uku na shafin yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizo, wanda ke nuna irin ci gaban da aka samu a masana'antu daban-daban.

Ƙirƙirar baturi yana wuce buƙatun ma'adanai masu zurfi na teku

Fasahar batir tana haɓakawa kuma tana canza kasuwa, tare da sabbin abubuwa waɗanda bukatar babu ko kadan nickel ko cobalt: biyu daga cikin ma'adinan za su zama masu hakar ma'adinai za su yi ƙoƙarin samo asali daga gaɓar teku. Rage dogaro da buƙatun waɗannan ma'adanai yana ba da hanyar gujewa DSM, iyakance ma'adinai na ƙasa, da dakatar da matsalolin ma'adinai na geopolitical. 

Kamfanoni sun riga sun saka hannun jari a madadin batura na nickel- da cobalt na gargajiya, suna alƙawarin sabbin hanyoyin samun kyakkyawan sakamako.

Misali, Clarios, shugaban duniya a fasahar batir, ya haɗe tare da Natron Energy Inc. don samar da batir sodium-ion da yawa. Batirin Sodium-ion, sanannen madadin batir lithium-ion, ba ya ƙunshi ma'adanai kamar cobalt, nickel, ko jan karfe. 

Masu kera EV kuma suna amfani da sabbin fasahohi don rage buƙatunsu na ma'adanai masu zurfin teku.

Tesla a halin yanzu yana amfani batirin lithium iron phosphate (LFP). a duk Model Y da Model 3, babu buƙatar nickel ko cobalt. Hakazalika, kamfanin kera motoci na biyu a duniya, BYD, ya sanar da shirin don matsawa zuwa baturan LFP kuma nesa da nickel-, cobalt-, da manganese (NCM) tushen batura. SAIC Motors ya samar da na farko high-karshen hydrogen cell tushen EVs a cikin 2020, kuma a cikin Yuni 2022, kamfanin na Burtaniya Tevva ya ƙaddamar da na farko hydrogen cell powered motan lantarki. 

Daga masu kera batir zuwa masu samar da EV, kamfanoni suna yin yunƙuri don rage dogaron da ake gani akan ma'adanai, gami da waɗanda ke cikin teku mai zurfi. A lokacin da masu hakar ma'adinai za su iya dawo da kayan daga zurfin - wanda suka yarda ba zai yiwu ta hanyar fasaha ko tattalin arziki ba – ƙila ba za mu buƙaci kowanne daga cikinsu ba. Duk da haka, rage cin waɗannan ma'adanai wani yanki ne kawai na wuyar warwarewa.