2/3 o ʻAʻohe mea: Ka mea a mākou i ʻike maoli ai e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻīlio moana

Na: Jacob Zadik, Communications Intern, The Ocean Foundation

Hōʻike nā mammals moana i kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa a kupaianaha ma ka ili o kēia honua. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ko lākou mau ʻano i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻo lākou ka poʻe holo mua ma nā ʻano koʻikoʻi a hoʻonui. ʻO ke koholā uliuli ka holoholona nui loa i ola ma ka honua. ʻO ka sperm whale ka nui o ka lolo o kekahi holoholona. ʻO ka ʻO ka bottlenose dolphin ka hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, kipaku ʻana i ka ʻelepani hoʻomanaʻo mua. He mau laʻana wale nō kēia.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma muli o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, hiki ke noʻonoʻo, a me ka pilina endothermic iā mākou, ua mau nā mammals moana i ka piko o kā mākou ʻimi hoʻomalu. ʻO nā kānāwai i hoʻoholo ʻia i ka makahiki 1934 no ka pāpā ʻana i ka hopu ʻana i nā koholā ʻākau, ʻo ia ke kānāwai mua e kūʻē i ka hopu ʻana i nā koholā a me kekahi o nā kānāwai mālama mālama mua. I ka hala ʻana o nā makahiki, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lawaiʻa koholā a me ka bludgeoning a me ka pepehi ʻana i nā mammals moana ʻē aʻe e alakaʻi ai i ka Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) i ka makahiki 1972. i ʻike i nā kūleʻa nui i nā makahiki. A, i ka makahiki 1994, ua hoʻololi nui ʻia ka MMPA no ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana i nā pilikia hou e pili ana i nā mammals moana. ʻO ka mea holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka pahuhopu o kēia mau kānāwai e hōʻoia i ka hāʻule ʻole o ka heluna kanaka i lalo o ko lākou pae heluna kanaka hoʻomau.

Ua ʻike ʻia kēlā mau kānāwai i nā kūleʻa kupaianaha i nā makahiki a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mammals moana i aʻo ʻia e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. ʻOi aku kēia ma mua o ka hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia no nā hui holoholona ʻē aʻe he nui, a ke hoʻāla nei kēia i ka nīnau no ke aha mākou e hoʻomau ai i ka mālama nui ʻana i kēia mau mea nui ma ke ʻano mālama? ʻO wau iho, ʻo ka herpetologist ma ka puʻuwai, he mea paʻakikī kēia iaʻu. No kēlā me kēia mea momona e haʻi ʻia e kekahi, hiki iaʻu ke pane aku me 10 amphibians a i ʻole nā ​​mea kolo. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ka pane like no nā iʻa, nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, nā arthropods, a me nā mea kanu e kokoke ana i ka pau. No laila, ʻo ka nīnau no ke aha nā mammals moana? ʻAʻohe hui holoholona ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā kānāwai koʻikoʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ko lākou heluna kanaka.

ʻO ka pane, ʻo nā mammals moana ma ke ʻano he hui hui kekahi o nā hōʻailona nui loa o ke olakino o nā kaiaola kai. ʻO ka maʻamau he predator kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole predator kiʻekiʻe ma ko lākou mau kaiapuni. ʻIke ʻia lākou e pāʻani i ke ʻano o kahi kumu meaʻai nui no nā mea ʻaihue nui a i ʻole liʻiliʻi benthic scavengers ke make lākou. Noho lākou ma kahi ākea o nā wahi noho, mai ke kai pola a hiki i nā ʻāʻu kai. No laila, he hōʻike pololei ko lākou olakino i ka maikaʻi o kā mākou mau hana mālama. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, he hōʻike ia o ke kumu hoʻohaʻahaʻa e kā mākou hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka haumia, a me nā hana lawaiʻa. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka manatee he hōʻailona ia o ka pau ʻana o ka noho ʻana o ka mauʻu kai costal. E noʻonoʻo i ke kūlana o ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻano mammals moana he hui o nā māka ma ka palapala hōʻike mālama kai inā makemake ʻoe.

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mammals moana i noiʻi ʻia e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, aia kekahi pilikia me kēia, a ua hiki i ka hapa nui o ʻoukou ke ʻohi i ka pilikia mai kaʻu koho pono ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 2/3 o nā ʻano mammalian kai i aʻo ʻole ʻia, a ʻike ʻole ʻia ko lākou heluna kanaka i kēia manawa (inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e manaʻoʻiʻo iaʻu, e hele i ka Papa inoa Ulaula IUCN). He pilikia nui kēia no ka mea 1) me ka ʻike ʻole i ko lākou heluna kanaka, a me kona mau loli, hāʻule lākou ma ke ʻano he kāleka hōʻike kūpono, a 2) no ka mea, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o nā mammals moana i aʻo ʻia he hopena pololei ia o nā hana noiʻi e unuhi i ka hoʻokele mālama mālama maikaʻi.

Pono e hoʻoikaika koke ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka nele o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hapa nui o nā mammals moana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he mammal "marine" (me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana e noho ana ia i loko o kahi wai hou), ʻo ka moʻolelo hou o ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze Dolphin kahi laʻana hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wā i lohi ai nā hana noiʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua pau i ka makahiki 2006, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka heluna kanaka o ka iʻa ma mua o ka makahiki 1986, a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hoʻoikaika nui e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka ma mua o nā makahiki 90. Me ka hiki ʻole o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Kina i ka hapa nui o nā iʻa, ua lohi loa kēia mau hana hoʻōla. ʻOiai he moʻolelo kaumaha, ʻaʻole ia he moʻolelo; e hōʻike ana iā mākou i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomaopopo koke ʻana i nā heluna mammalian moana āpau.

ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa o kēia lā i ka nui o nā heluna mammalian moana ʻo ia ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa e ulu mau nei - ka lawaia upena ʻo ia ka mea pōʻino loa. Nā papahana nānā moana (he kuleana maikaʻi loa ma waho o ka hana kulanui) hōʻiliʻili mea nui ʻikepili hopu ʻia. Mai ka makahiki 1990 a hiki i ka makahiki 2011 ua hoʻoholo ʻia he 82% o nā ʻano ʻano Odontoceti, a i ʻole nā ​​koholā niho niho (orca, nā kohola nuku, nā iʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), i hoʻomaka mua i ka lawaiʻa gillnet. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka lawaiʻa a ʻo ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia wale nō ka hopena o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā mammals moana i kēia ʻano piʻi. He mea maʻalahi ke ʻike pehea e hiki ai i ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i nā patters neʻe ʻana o nā mammals moana a me nā ʻano hana male ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele lawaiʻa maikaʻi.

No laila, ke hoʻopau nei au me kēia: inā paha ʻoe hoihoi i nā kohola baleen nunui, a i ʻole ka hoihoi hou aku tʻo ia ka hana male ʻana o nā ʻōpala, hōʻike ʻia ke olakino o kahi kaiaola kai e ka ʻōlinolino o nā mammals moana. He kahua aʻo nui ia, a nui nā noiʻi pono e waiho ʻia e aʻo. Eia naʻe, hiki ke hana maikaʻi ʻia ia mau hana me ke kākoʻo piha o ke kaiāulu honua.