ʻO kekahi mea pohihihi ma ka hohonu o ka moana: ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kai

Na: Carla O. García Zendejas

Ke lele nei au ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 39,000 ft. ʻoiai e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hohonu o ka moana, ʻo kēlā mau wahi pōʻeleʻele i ʻike mua ʻia e kekahi o mākou i nā palapala kiʻi kakaʻikahi a nani hoʻi i hoʻolauna iā mākou iā Jacques Cousteau a me nā mea kupanaha a me nā ola kai a mākou i aʻo ai e aloha a mālama. a puni ka honua. Ua pōmaikaʻi kekahi o mākou i ka ʻoliʻoli ʻana i ka hohonu o ka moana, ke nānā pono aku i nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, ʻoiai ua hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kula ʻike iʻa a me nā puʻu maʻa.

ʻO kekahi o nā wahi noho e hoʻomau ʻia nei e kahaha i nā mea ola o ka moana, ʻo ia nā mea i hana ʻia e nā pele wela mai nā pūnāwai lua pele kahi e noho ai ke ola ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma waena o nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pūnāwai lua pele a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea puhi paka, ʻo ia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā mauna sulfurous i hana ʻia mai nā pele i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā waihona mineral nui. ʻO ka nui o nā metala kaumaha e like me ke gula, ke kālā a me ke keleawe e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma kēia mau mauna i hana ʻia ma muli o ka hopena o ka wai wela i ka moana hau. ʻO kēia mau hohonu, he malihini i nā ʻano he nui ka manaʻo hou o nā ʻoihana mining a puni ka honua.

ʻAʻole like nā hana mining hou i ka manaʻo o ka hapa nui o mākou e pili ana i ka ʻoihana. Ua hala loa nā lā e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻeli gula me ke koʻi koʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mines kaulana a puni ka honua ua pau i ka ʻai i hiki ke loaʻa ma kēia ala. I kēia mau lā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapa nui o nā metala koʻikoʻi e noho nei ma ka lepo. No laila, ʻo ke ʻano o ka unuhi ʻana i ke gula, a i ʻole ke kālā, he hana kemika ia i hana ʻia ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o nā tona o ka lepo a me nā pōhaku e pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a laila e waiho ʻia i kahi holoi kemika nona ka mea nui he cyanide a me nā miliona mau galani wai hou e loaʻa ai hoʻokahi. ʻauneke gula, ʻike ʻia kēia ma ka cyanide leaching. ʻO ka hopena o kēia kaʻina hana he sludge ʻona i loaʻa i ka arsenic, mercury, cadmium a me ke alakaʻi i waena o nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo tailings. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kēia mau huelo mai nā puʻu ma kahi kokoke i nā mines e pōʻino ai ka lepo a me ka wai lepo ma lalo o ka ʻili.

No laila, pehea ka unuhi ʻana o kēia ʻeli ʻana i ka hohonu o ke kai, ka moena o ke kai, pehea ka hopena o ka wehe ʻana i nā tona pōhaku a me ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā mauna o nā minerala e noho ana ma ka papakū o ka moana e pili ana i ke ola moana, a i ʻole nā ​​wahi noho a puni a i ka ʻili o ka moana. ? He aha ke ʻano o ka leaching cyanide ma ke kai? He aha ka hopena me nā huelo mai nā mina? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nō ke kula ma kēia mau nīnau a me nā nīnau ʻē aʻe he nui, ʻoiai ma ka mana. No ka mea, inā mākou e nānā wale i nā hana eli i lawe mai i nā kaiāulu mai Cajamarca (Peru), Peñoles (Mexico) a i Nevada (USA) maopopo ka moʻolelo. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka emi ʻana o ka wai, ka haumia metala kaumaha a me nā hopena olakino e hele pū me ia he wahi maʻamau i ka hapa nui o nā kūlanakauhale eli. ʻO nā hualoaʻa i ʻike wale ʻia ʻo nā moonscapes i hana ʻia me nā lua nui a hiki i hoʻokahi mile ka hohonu a ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau mile ka laulā. ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi kānalua i manaʻo ʻia e nā ʻoihana mining e ʻoki mau ʻia e nā hopena waiwai huna a me nā kumukūʻai no ke kaiapuni. Ke hoʻolaha nei nā kaiāulu a puni ka honua i ko lākou kūʻē ʻana i nā papahana eli ma mua a me ka wā e hiki mai ana no nā makahiki; ua hoʻopiʻi ka hoʻokolokolo i nā kānāwai, nā ʻae a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo ma ka ʻāina a me ka honua me nā pae like ʻole o ka kūleʻa.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻia kekahi o ia kūʻē e pili ana i kekahi o nā papahana eli kai mua ma Papua New Guinea, ʻo Nautilus Minerals Inc. ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi hui Kanada i ʻae ʻia he 20 makahiki e unuhi i ka ʻeleʻele i ʻōlelo ʻia aia nā kiʻekiʻe o ke gula a me ke keleawe 30 mile mai ke kapakai malalo o ke Kai Bisimaka. Ma kēia hihia ke hana nei mākou i ka palapala ʻae kūloko me kahi lāhui e pane ai i nā hopena kūpono o kēia papahana koʻu. Akā, he aha ka mea e hiki mai ana me nā koi mining i mālama ʻia ma nā wai honua? ʻO wai ka mea e kuleana a kuleana no nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hopena?

E komo i ka International Seabed Authority, i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea [1] (UNCLOS), ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia kēia ʻoihana honua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻaha kūkā a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana mineral ma ke kai, ka papahele moana a me ka lepo i lalo. wai honua. ʻO ka Legal and Technical Commission (he 25 mau lālā i koho ʻia e ka ʻaha ISA) e loiloi i nā noi no ka ʻimi ʻana a me nā papahana eli, ʻoiai e loiloi a nānā ana i nā hana a me nā hopena o ke kaiapuni, ua ʻae ʻia e ka ʻaha ISA lālā 36. ʻO kekahi mau ʻāina e paʻa nei i nā ʻaelike no nā kuleana kūʻokoʻa no ka ʻimi ʻana, ʻo Kina, Russia, South Korea, Palani, Iapana a me India; ʻO nā wahi i ʻimi ʻia a hiki i ka 150,000 kilomika square ka nui.

Ua lako ʻia ʻo ISA e hoʻoponopono i ka ulu ʻana o ka noi ma ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono a mālama i ka piʻi ʻana o nā papahana? He aha ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kuleana a me ka maopopo o kēia ʻoihana honua i kuleana no ka pale ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā kai o ka honua? Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i ka pōʻino aila BP ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o nā luʻi e kū nei i kahi ʻoihana hoʻoponopono kālā nui i ka wai o ka ʻāina ʻē ma US He aha ka manawa e hana ai kahi ʻoihana liʻiliʻi e like me ISA i kēia mau pilikia a me nā pilikia e hiki mai ana?

ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻo ʻAmelika i ka UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (164 mau lāhui i hōʻoia i ka ʻaha kūkā), aʻo kekahi e manaʻo nei ʻaʻole pono ʻo ʻAmelika e hui i ke kuʻikahi e hoʻomaka i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka moana. ʻO nā hana ʻē aʻe me ka naʻau ʻole. Inā mākou e nīnau a hoʻokūkū paha i ka hoʻokō pono ʻana i ka nānā ʻana a me nā kūlana kaiapuni e pale aku ai i ka pōʻino i ka hohonu o ka moana, pono mākou e lilo i ʻāpana o ke kūkākūkā. Inā ʻaʻole mākou makemake e mālama i ka pae like o ka nānā ʻana ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, nalowale mākou i ka hilinaʻi a me ka makemake maikaʻi. No laila ʻoiai mākou e ʻike nei he ʻoihana pōʻino ka ʻeli kai hohonu, pono mākou e hopohopo iā mākou iho i ka ʻeli kai hohonu no ka mea ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i ka nui o kona hopena.

[1] ʻO ka 30th anniversary o ka UNCLOS ke kumuhana o kahi moʻomanaʻo ʻelua ʻāpana blog na Matthew Cannistraro ma kēia pūnaewele.  

E ʻoluʻolu e nānā i ka DSM Project's Regional Legislative and Regulatory Framework for Deep Sea Minerals Exploration and Exploitation, i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki i hala. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei kēia palapala e nā ʻāina o ka Pākīpika e hoʻokomo i loko o kā lākou mau kānāwai i nā hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono kuleana.

He loio kaiapuni kaulana ʻo Carla García Zendejas mai Tijuana, Mekiko. Loaʻa kona ʻike a me kona kuanaʻike mai kāna hana nui no nā hui honua a me nā hui aupuni e pili ana i ka pilikanaka, ka hoʻokele waiwai a me nā pilikia kaiapuni. I nā makahiki he ʻumikūmālima i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i nā kūleʻa he nui i nā hihia e pili ana i ka ʻenehana ikehu, ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka wai, ka hoʻoponopono kaiapuni a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kānāwai ākea aupuni. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka mana i ka poʻe hana me ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e hakakā i ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni a me nā mea pōʻino hoʻoheheʻe wai kūlohelohe ma ka peninsula ʻo Baja California, ʻAmelika a ma Sepania. Loaʻa iā Carla he Masters in Law mai ke Koleke kānāwai o Wakinekona ma ke Kulanui ʻAmelika. Ke lawelawe nei ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he Luna Papahana Nui no Human Rights & Extractive Industries ma ka Due Process of Law Foundation he hui waiwai ʻole ma Wakinekona, DC.