Cownose Ray o ka Chesapeake Bay

Mea kākau: Maggie Bass, me ke kākoʻo mai Beryl Dann

ʻO Margaret Bass kahi mea nui biology ma Eckerd College a he ʻāpana ia o ka TOF intern community.

ʻElua haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua piha ka Chesapeake Bay i ke ola ma kahi ʻano mea hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo i kēia lā. Ua kākoʻo a hoʻomau i ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā ʻano kaiāulu kai-ʻoiai ua hoʻopau nā hana kanaka mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a hiki i ka ulu ʻana. ʻAʻole wau he lawaiʻa. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu ka makaʻu o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i kahi kumu waiwai ʻole. He leʻaleʻa maoli ka lawaiʻa ʻana iaʻu. Ma muli o koʻu kūlana, ke hoka nei au i koʻu hele ʻana mai mai ka lawaiʻa ʻana mai me ka iʻa ʻole e palai. Me ka pili ʻana o ke ola, hiki iaʻu ke noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o ka holomua o kēlā me kēia huakaʻi lawaiʻa i mea nui i ka lawaiʻa. ʻO nā mea a pau e keʻakeʻa ana i ka lawe ʻana mai o ka lawaiʻa i kahi iʻa maikaʻi, iā ia, he mea pilikino ia. Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu e inaina nui ai ka lawaiʻa ʻoyster a i ʻole ka pāpaʻi uliuli i nā kukuna bipi, ʻoiai ma hope o koʻu lohe ʻana ʻaʻole maoli nā kukuna bipi, ke ulu aʻe nei ka nui o nā kukuna ma Chesapeake, a ke hoʻopau nei nā kukuna i ka nui o ka pāpaʻi uliuli a me ka ʻoster. . ʻAʻole pono ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēlā mau mea - ʻo ka cownose ray he mea ʻino kūpono.

He nani nā kukuna Cownose. He daimana ko lākou kino, me ka huelo lahilahi lōʻihi a me nā peʻa ʻiʻo lahilahi e puka mai ana e like me nā ʻēheu. Ke neʻe nei, me he mea lā e lele ana lākou ma ka wai. ʻO ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele ma luna e hiki ai iā lākou ke peʻe ma lalo o ka muliwai lepo mai nā mea ʻaihue ma luna a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao keʻokeʻo e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka camouflage e hui pū ana me ka lani ʻālohilohi mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mea ʻaihue ma lalo. He paʻakikī ko lākou mau helehelena a paʻakikī ke kiʻi. ʻO ko lākou mau poʻo, he ʻano ʻano huinaha iki me ka ʻīkoi ma waenakonu o ka ihu a me ka waha ma lalo o ke poʻo. He mau niho ʻūhā ko lākou, ʻaʻole nā ​​niho ʻoi e like me ko lākou ʻohana manō, no ka ʻai ʻana i nā pāpaʻi palupalu-ʻo kā lākou kumu meaʻai punahele.

Hele nā ​​kukuna Cownose i ka ʻāina ʻo Chesapeake Bay i ka hopena o ke kauwela a neʻe i lalo i Florida i ka hopena o ke kauwela. He mau mea hoihoi loa lākou a ua ʻike au iā lākou e ʻimi ana a puni kā mākou uapo ma ko mākou home ʻohana ma ke kūkulu hema ʻo Maryland. ʻO ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou mai kā mākou waiwai, hoʻoweliweli mau lākou iaʻu. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka wai ʻeleʻele o ka muliwai ʻo Patuxent a me ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou e neʻe me ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka nani a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana iā lākou i kumu i kēia hopohopo. Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa ua ʻelemakule wau a ʻike hou aku au iā lākou, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoweliweli hou iaʻu. Manaʻo wau he nani maoli lākou. Akā ʻo ka mea pōʻino, hoʻouka ʻia nā kukuna cownose.

Nui nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka cownose ray. Hōʻike ka pāpaho kūloko a me ka lawaiʻa i nā kukuna pipi he mea ʻino a luku, a i kekahi manawa hoʻolaha nā luna lawaiʻa kūloko i ka lawaiʻa a me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā kukuna cownose no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano mea i makemake nui ʻia e like me ka ʻoo a me ka ʻili. ʻO ka ʻikepili e kākoʻo i kēia ʻano o ka haʻawina cownose i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Science ma 2007 e Ransom A. Myers o ke Kulanui ʻo Dalhousie a me nā hoa hana i kapa ʻia, "Cascading Effect of the loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean". Ua hoʻoholo ka haʻawina ʻo ka emi ʻana o nā manō i alakaʻi i ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ray cownose. I loko o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Myers i kahi hihia hoʻokahi o kahi moena scallop ma North Carolina i ʻohi ʻia e nā kukuna cownose. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ka haʻawina ʻaʻole maopopo i kāna mau mea kākau inā a me ka nui o nā kukuna cownose i ʻai maoli i nā scallops a me nā huahana iʻa i kūʻai ʻia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe a me nā kau ʻē aʻe, akā ua nalowale kēlā kikoʻī. Manaʻo ka poʻe lawaiʻa ʻo Chesapeake Bay e koi ana nā kukuna cownose e hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻoysters a me nā pāpaʻi uliuli, a ma muli o ka hopena, kākoʻo i ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka "hoʻomalu" o nā kukuna. ʻAʻole loa ka mana o nā kukuna cownose? ʻAʻole nui ka noiʻi i hana ʻia e pili ana i ka nui o nā kukuna pipi i loaʻa i ka Chesapeake Bay ma mua, hiki ke kākoʻo i kēia manawa, a i ʻole ke kumu o kēia mau hana lawaiʻa koʻikoʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. Aia nō naʻe nā hōʻike e noho mau ana nā kukuna pipi ma ke kai ʻo Chesapeake. Ke hoʻopiʻi nei ka poʻe i ka kūleʻa ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōhiʻa a me nā pāpaʻi polū ma nā kukuna cownose, ma muli wale nō o nā ʻōlelo a Myers e pili ana i nā kukuna e hopu ana i nā scallops ma kahi hoʻokahi i kāna noiʻi 2007.

Ua ʻike au i ka hopu ʻana a me ka pepehi ʻana i nā kukuna pipi ma ka muliwai ʻo Patuxent. Aia nā kānaka ma ka muliwai ma nā waʻa liʻiliʻi me nā harpoons a i ʻole nā ​​pū a i ʻole nā ​​lou a me ke aho. Ua ʻike au iā lākou e huki ana i nā kukuna a hahau iā lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko lākou mau waʻa a hiki i ka haʻalele ʻana o ke ola iā lākou. Huhū iaʻu. Ua manaʻo wau he kuleana koʻu e pale i kēlā mau kukuna. Ua nīnau au i koʻu makuahine i kekahi manawa, "he kānāwai ʻole kēlā?" a ua weliweli a kaumaha au i kona haʻi ʻana mai iaʻu ʻaʻole.

ʻO wau kekahi o kēlā poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo he mea nui ka hiki ke ulu a ʻohi i kaʻu meaʻai ponoʻī. A ʻoiaʻiʻo inā e hopu ana nā kānaka i hoʻokahi kukuna a ʻelua paha no ka ʻaina ahiahi, a laila ʻaʻole au e pilikia. Ua hopu a ʻai au i kaʻu iʻa ponoʻī a me kaʻu iʻa mai kā mākou waiwai, a ma ka hana ʻana i kēia, loaʻa iaʻu ka ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna o nā iʻa a me nā pūpū. Manaʻo wau i ka nui o kaʻu ʻohi ʻana no ka mea makemake wau e hoʻomau i ka ʻohi ʻana mai nā wai a puni koʻu waiwai. Akā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ka luku ʻana i nā kukuna cownose.

Hiki ke hoʻopau loa ʻia nā kukuna cownose. ʻOi aku kēia luku ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i ka meaʻai ma ka papaʻaina no kahi ʻohana. Aia ka inaina ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o nā kukuna cownose i loko o ke koʻa—ka inaina i hānai ʻia e ka makaʻu. ʻO ka makaʻu i ka nalowale ʻana o ʻelua mau meaʻai kaulana loa o ka Chesapeake Bay: nā pāpaʻi uliuli a me nā ʻoy. ʻO ka makaʻu o ka lawaiʻa i ka wā lohi a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ke kālā e loaʻa ai, a ʻaʻole loa. ʻAʻole naʻe mākou ʻike maoli inā he mea ʻino ka kukuna - ʻaʻole like, no ka laʻana, ka iʻa polū polū, ʻai nui a ʻai i nā mea āpau mai ka pāpaʻi a i ka iʻa ʻōpio.

Malia paha ua hiki i ka manawa no ka hoʻoponopono hoʻomalu. Pono e hooki i ka luku ana i na kukuna bipi, a pono e hana pono i ka imi pono, i hiki ai ke hana pono i ka lawaia. Hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā kukuna cownose e like me ke kau inoa ʻana o nā manō. Hiki ke nānā ʻia ke ʻano hana a me ka hānai ʻana o nā kukuna cownose a hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻikepili hou aʻe. Inā he nui ke kākoʻo ʻepekema e hōʻike ana e koi ana nā kukuna pipi i nā ʻōhiʻa a me nā waihona pāpaʻi uliuli, a laila e hoʻouna ʻia kēia i kahi leka e pili ana ke olakino a me ka hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻole o ka Bay i kēia kaomi ʻana i nā kukuna bipi, a ma ke ʻano o kēia kaomi ʻana i nā pāpaʻi uliuli a nā ʻoʻo. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻihoʻi i ke koena o ka Chesapeake Bay ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka luku ʻana i nā ʻano mea ulu.

Loaʻa nā kiʻi: 1) NASA 2) Robert Fisher/VASG

ʻŌlelo a ka Lunahooponopono: Ma ka lā 15 o Pepeluali, 2016, he haʻawina ua paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Hōʻike Pūnaewele, kahi hui o nā kānaka ʻepekema i alakaʻi ʻia e Florida State University's Dean Grubbs e helu ana i ka haʻawina i ʻōlelo nui ʻia i ka makahiki 2007 (“Cascading Effect of the loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean”) i ʻike i ka nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o nā manō nui i alakaʻi i kahi pahū. i ka heluna kanaka o na kukuna, a ua ai i na bivalves, clams a me ka scallops ma ka East Coast.