Nā Kahakai Nalo: He aha ka hana e pili ana i ka nele o ke one honua?

Ke hele nei ʻoe i ke kahakai āu e koho ai i kēia kauwela, e nānā pono i kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke kahakai: ke one. ʻO ke one kekahi mea a mākou e manaʻo ai he nui; uhi ʻia nā kahakai a puni ka honua a ʻo ia ka mea nui o nā wao nahele. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ke one a pau a i ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua, piʻi aʻe ko mākou pono no ke one. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ke one he kumu waiwai palena ʻole. He mea paʻakikī ke kau ʻana i ke kumukūʻai ma kēlā manaʻo o ke one ma waena o kou manamana wāwae a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hale kākela, a ʻaʻole liuliu e pono ai mākou i ka emi ʻana o nā lako one o ka honua.   

ʻO ke one ka waiwai maoli a mākou e hoʻohana nui ai ma hope o ka ea a me ka wai. Aia ma kahi kokoke i nā mea a pau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka hale āu e noho nei i kēia manawa ua hana ʻia me ke kaʻa, ʻo ke one a me ka ʻiliʻili. Hana ʻia nā alanui i ke kaʻa. ʻO ke aniani puka aniani a ʻo kekahi hapa o kāu kelepona i hana ʻia me ke one hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. I ka wā ma mua, he puna wai maʻamau ke one, akā i kēia manawa ua nele i kekahi mau wahi, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā lula.

Ua lilo ke one i mea ʻimi ʻia a puni ka honua. A no laila ua ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi.

No laila, no hea mai kēia one a pehea lā mākou e holo ai? No nā mauna ke one; pau nā mauna i ka makani a me ka ua, e nalowale ana ka nui ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i hemo. I loko o nā kaukani makahiki, ua lawe nā muliwai i kēlā mau ʻāpana i lalo o nā ʻaoʻao mauna a hoʻokumu i nā waihona ma kahi a kokoke paha i kahi e hālāwai ai lākou i ke kai (a i ʻole ka loko) i lilo i mea a mākou e ʻike ai he one a me kahakai.   

Kiʻi Kiʻi: Josh Withers/Unsplash

I kēia manawa, ke hoʻonui nei ko mākou mau kūlanakauhale ma kahi ʻano i ʻike ʻole ʻia a ke hoʻohana nei nā kūlanakauhale i ka sima ma mua o ka wā ma mua. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻo Kina i nā sima i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma mua o ka United States i hoʻohana ai i ke kenekulia 20. Ua lilo ʻo Singapore i mea lawe one nui loa ma ka honua. Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i 130 kilomika square i kona ʻāina ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki. No hea mai ia ʻāina hou? Ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke one i ke kai. He mau ʻano one wale nō i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke kaʻa a ʻaʻole pono nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā hana kanaka. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ke one i ʻike ʻia ma ka Desert Sahara i mea kūkulu hale. ʻO nā wahi maikaʻi loa e loaʻa ai ke one no ke kaʻa, ʻo ia nā kapa o nā muliwai a me nā kahakai. ʻO ke koi ʻana i ke one ke hoʻoneʻe nei mākou i nā kahawai, nā kahakai, nā ululāʻau, a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai e hiki ai i ke one. Ua lawe ʻia ka hewa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kekahi mau wahi.

Ua manaʻo ka United Nations Environment Programme i ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻohana ka honua i kahi kokoke i 30 biliona toni o ke one a me ka ʻiliʻili e hana i ka ʻili.

He one lawa kēlā e kūkulu ai i ka pā he 27 mika ke kiʻekiʻe a he 27 mika ka laulā a puni ka equator! ʻO ke kumukūʻai kālepa o ke one ma kahi o ʻeono mau manawa ma mua o 25 mau makahiki i hala a ma US, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana one ma 24% i nā makahiki 5 i hala. Loaʻa ka hana ʻino ma luna o nā kumuwaiwai one ma nā wahi e like me India, Kenya, Indonesia, Kina, a me Vietnam. Ua laha loa nā mafias a me ka ʻeli ʻana i ke one ma ke kānāwai ma nā ʻāina me ka nāwaliwali o ke aupuni a me ka palaho. Wahi a ka luna hoʻomalu o Vietnam's Department of Construction Materials, hiki i ka ʻāina ke pau i ke one ma ka makahiki 2020. 

Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻeli ʻana i ke one a puni ka honua. ʻO nā mines one he mau dredges nui e huki i ke one mai ke kahakai. I ka hopena, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe e ʻike e luku ana kēia mau mines i nā kahakai a ua hoʻomaka mālie nā mines. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai me kēlā ʻōlelo ʻana, ʻo ke one ka mea ʻoi loa ka mea i ʻeli ʻia ma ka honua. ʻO ke one a me ka ʻiliʻili a hiki i ka 85% o nā mea a pau i ʻeli ʻia ma ka honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. E pani ʻia ke koena one kahakai hope loa ma US i 2020.

Hoʻouku ʻili

ʻO ka huki ʻana i ke one, i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka wai, kahi ala ʻē aʻe e neʻe ai ke one mai kekahi wahi a i kekahi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia one no ka "ʻai hou i kahakai," kahi e hoʻopiha ai i ke one i nalowale ma kahi wahi mai ka neʻe ʻana o ke kahakai, ka ʻaʻe, a i ʻole nā ​​​​punahele ʻē aʻe o ka avulsion. He mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka ʻai hou ʻana i kahakai ma nā wahi he nui ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai e hele pū me ia a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he hoʻoponopono manawa. No ka laʻana, ʻo Bathtub Beach ma Martin County, Florida i loaʻa i ka nui o ka hānai hou ʻana. I nā makahiki ʻelua i hala iho nei, ʻoi aku ma mua o $6 miliona i hoʻolilo ʻia no ka hānai hou ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā dunes ma Bathtub Beach wale nō. Hōʻike nā kiʻi mai ke kahakai i kekahi manawa e nalowale ana ke one hou mai ke kahakai i loko o 24 mau hola (e nānā i lalo). 

Aia kekahi mea e hoʻoponopono ai i kēia hemahema one? I kēia manawa, hilinaʻi nui ka ʻaha kanaka i ke one e hoʻōki wale i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i ke one kekahi pane. No ka laʻana, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hale wili kahiko i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia a pani ʻia paha, hiki iā ʻoe ke wāwahi i ka pāpaʻi paʻa a hoʻohana iā ia e hana i ka ʻāpana "hou". ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā hemahema o ka hana ʻana i kēia: hiki ke pipiʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakai i hoʻohana mua ʻia e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke one hou. Hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka Asphalt a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he koho no kekahi mau noi. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea hoʻololi ʻē aʻe no ke one e pili ana i nā hale kūkulu me ka lāʻau a me ka mauʻu, akā ʻaʻole paha e lilo ia i mea kaulana loa ma mua o ke kaʻa. 

Kiʻi Kiʻi: Bogomil Mihaylo/Unsplash

I ka makahiki 2014, ua hana hou ʻo Beretania i ka 28% o kāna mau mea kūkulu hale, a i ka makahiki 2025, hoʻolālā ka EU e hana hou i ka 75% o nā mea hale aniani, pono e kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koi no ke one ʻoihana. Hoʻolālā ʻo Singapore e hoʻohana i kahi ʻōnaehana o nā dykes a me nā pumps no kāna hana hoʻihoʻi hou aʻe i ʻole ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ke one. Ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe noiʻi a me nā ʻenekinia i nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, a me ka manaʻolana i kēia manawa, ʻo ka hana hou ʻana i ka nui o kā mākou huahana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke one e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke koi no ke one. 

Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili ʻana i ke one, ka mining, a me ka dredging me nā hopena kūlohelohe maikaʻi ʻole. No ka laʻana, ma Kenya, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke one me nā koʻa ʻāʻī. Ma India, ua hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke one i nā koʻokoʻo e pili ana i ka make. Ma Indonesia, ua nalowale nā ​​mokupuni mai ka nui o ka ʻeli ʻana i ke one.

ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ke one mai kahi wahi hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke kahakai, luku i kahi kaiaola, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā maʻi, a hoʻolilo i kahi wahi i ʻoi aku ka palupalu i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ma nā wahi e like me Sri Lanka, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka noiʻi ma muli o ka ʻeli ʻana i ke one i hana ʻia ma mua o ke kai eʻe o 2004, ʻoi aku ka ʻino o nā nalu ma mua o ka mea inā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ke one. Ma Dubai, hana ʻia ka dredging i nā ʻino one ma lalo o ka wai, ka mea e pepehi ai i nā mea ola, luku i nā koʻa koʻa, hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka holo ʻana o ka wai, a hiki ke hoʻopau i nā holoholona e like me ka iʻa mai ka pani ʻana i kā lākou gills. 

ʻAʻohe manaʻo e hoʻopau ka ʻimi one o ko kākou honua i ka pipi anu, akā ʻaʻole pono e hoʻōki. Pono mākou e aʻo pehea e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka unuhi a me ka hoʻihoʻi. Pono e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā kūlana kūkulu e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o kahi hale, a ʻo ka nui o nā mea kūkulu hale e hiki ke hana hou ʻia. E hoʻomau ka nalo ʻana o ke one i ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a me ko mākou mau kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka pilikia ka hana mua. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu aʻe e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o nā huahana one, hana hou, a me ka noiʻi ʻana i nā huahana ʻē aʻe e hiki ke pani i kahi o ke one. ʻAʻole naʻe mākou e hakakā nei i ke kaua pio, akā pono mākou e hoʻololi i kā mākou hana. 

kumu

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