Lionfish: nā mea hōʻeuʻeu nani o ka Caribbean a me East Coast

Na Laura Sesana

Ua hōʻike muaʻia kēiaʻatikala CDN

E aʻo ana ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Calvert Marine ma Solomons, Maryland i ka poʻe hele hale hōʻikeʻike e pili ana i ka Lionfish weliweli e hoʻoweliweli ana i nā wai Caribbean a me nā ʻōnaehana kai. He nani a he ʻokoʻa ka iʻa Lionfish, akā ma ke ʻano he ʻano invasive ʻaʻole maoli i ka Atlantika, hiki i ko lākou hoʻonui wikiwiki ʻana ke kumu i nā pilikia nui a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Me nā ʻala ʻawaʻawa lōʻihi a me nā hiʻohiʻona flamboyant, ʻo ka Lionfish ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a loaʻa iā ia nā mea pā nui o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā spine ʻawaʻawa e hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi i ka liona iʻa. ʻO nā lālā o ka genus Pterois, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i 10 mau ʻano iʻa liona.

ʻO ka iʻa Lionfish ka ʻōiwi o ka Pākīpika Hema a me Indian Oceans e ulu ana ma waena o ʻelua a 15 ʻīniha ka lōʻihi. He poʻe ʻaihue lākou i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpae, nā pāpaʻi a me nā mea ola liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, e noho ana i nā wai kokoke i nā koʻa, nā pā pōhaku a me nā loko. He awelika ke ola o Lionfish ma waena o ʻelima a me 15 mau makahiki a hiki ke hana hou i kēlā me kēia mahina ma hope o ko lākou makahiki mua. ʻOiai he ʻeha loa ka ʻona iʻa iʻa, pilikia ka hanu ʻana, nausea a me ka luaʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke make i ke kanaka. ʻO kā lākou kaona Loaʻa i ka hui pū ʻana o ka protein, kahi neuromuscular toxin a me acetylcholine, kahi neurotransmitter.

ʻAʻole maoli i ka Moana ʻAkelanika, ʻelua mau ʻano iʻa liona—ʻo ka iʻa liona ʻulaʻula a me ka iʻa liona maʻamau-ua ulu aʻe ma ka Caribbean a ma ke kahakai hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hiki i kēia manawa ke manaʻo ʻia he ʻano invasive. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe noiʻi ua komo mua ka iʻa liona i ka wai mai ke kahakai o Florida i ka makahiki 1980. Ua luku ʻo Hurricane Andrew, i ka makahiki 1992, i kahi aquarium ma Biscayne Bay, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ʻeono iʻa liona i ka wai ākea. Ua ʻike ʻia ka iʻa Lionfish a hiki i North Carolina a hiki i ka hema a hiki i Venezuela, a ke ʻike ʻia nei ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ko lākou ākea. Me he mea lā ke pāʻani nei paha ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau.

He liʻiliʻi loa ka Lionfish i nā mea ʻaihue kūlohelohe, kekahi o nā kumu nui i lilo ai lākou i pilikia nui ma kekahi mau wahi o ka East Coast a me ka Caribbean. Manaʻo nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike Moana o Calvert e aʻo aku i nā malihini e pili ana i kēia mea hoʻomake e hoʻoweliweli i nā iʻa e noho ana i loko o ko kākou mau wai mahana, a me ke ʻano o ke kōkua ʻana o kēlā mau wai mehana i ka Lionfish e ulu aʻe.

"Ke hoʻomau hou nei mākou i kā mākou leka e hoʻokomo i nā hopena a me nā hopena kūpono o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻoweliweli alakaʻi i ka hoʻomau o ka wā e hiki mai ana o kā mākou kaiaola honua," wehewehe ʻo David Moyer, Curator o Estuarine Biology ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kai o Calvert ma Solomons, MD.

“Ke hoʻouka nei ʻo Lionfish i ka Moana ʻAkelanika Komohana. I ke kauwela, hele lākou a hiki i ka ʻākau a hiki i New York, ʻike maopopo ʻia i ka lawe ʻia ʻana ma waena o ka noho kai moana o Maryland. Ke lawe mai nei ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana o ke kai i ko mākou ʻāina, a ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻilikai i loko o nā pāpaʻu kahakai o Maryland, e piʻi aʻe ana ka hiki ke hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia ka iʻa i loko o ko mākou mau wai," i kākau ai ʻo Moyer ma kahi leka uila.

Ke piʻi koke nei ka nui o ka iʻa liona ma kēia mau wahi. ʻO ka Nā Kikowaena Lahui no ka ʻEpekema Kai Moana (NCCOS) ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā iʻa liona ma kekahi mau kai. Ma kekahi mau wahi wela, aia ma kahi o 1,000 liona i'a no ka eka.

ʻAʻole maopopo ka poʻe noiʻi i ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa liona i ka heluna iʻa maoli a me ka lawaiʻa kalepa. Ua ʻike nō naʻe lākou, hiki i nā ʻano ʻāina ʻē ke loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i nā kaiaola maoli a me nā ʻoihana lawaiʻa kūloko. Ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa liona i ka ʻiʻo a me ka hui pū, ʻelua mau ʻano mea kūʻai nui.

Wahi a ka National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), hiki i ka lionfish ke hoʻopōʻino nui i nā kaiāulu ma o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke koena o kekahi mau kaiaola. Ma ke ʻano he poʻe predators kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka liona iʻa ke hoʻemi i ka helu o nā mea pio a hoʻokūkū me nā ʻāʻī ʻāʻī maoli, a laila lawe i kā lākou kuleana.

Hōʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa liona ma kekahi mau wahi e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ke ola o nā ʻano iʻa ʻaʻa maoli ma 80 pakeneka, e like me ka US Federal Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force (ANS).

Ma nā wahi i pilikia ai ka nui o nā i'a liona, ua ho'okō 'ia kekahi mau hana ho'omalu mai ka ho'oikaika 'ana i ka 'ai (palekana ke 'ai i ka i'a i'a inā ho'omākaukau pono 'ia) a hiki i ke kāko'o 'ana i nā ho'okūkū lawai'a a me ka 'ae 'ana i ka po'e lu'u e pepehi i ka i'a liona ma nā kapu kai. Paipai ʻia ka poʻe luʻu a me ka lawaiʻa e hōʻike i ka ʻike ʻana i ka iʻa liona, a paipai ʻia nā mea luʻu e wehe i ka iʻa inā hiki.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole paha e hoʻopau loa ʻia ka iʻa liona mai kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka heluna kanaka, e like me ka NOAA, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai a paʻakikī paha nā hana hoʻomalu. Ua wānana ʻo NOAA e piʻi aʻe ka nui o ka iʻa liona ma ka ʻAkelanika.

Manaʻo nā mea noiʻi e nānā i ka heluna o ka iʻa liona, e hana hou i ka noiʻi, hoʻonaʻauao i ka lehulehu, a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā lula e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻano iʻa ʻaʻole maoli ma ke ʻano he ala e hoʻolohi ai i ka laha ʻana o ka iʻa liona a me nā ʻano mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.

Nui nā mea noiʻi a me nā keʻena e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻonaʻauao. "Aneane pili mau nā pilikia ʻano invasive me nā hana kanaka," wahi a David Moyer. "ʻOiai ua hāʻawi nui ke kanaka i ka hāʻawi hou ʻana i nā ʻano mea ola āpau a puni ka honua, ʻaʻole i pau ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka kaiaola a hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano invasive i kēlā me kēia lā."

I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻonaʻauao i ka lehulehu ma ka wahi DC, a mahalo i nā hāʻawi manawaleʻa i ka Estuarine Biology Department, Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kai o Calvert E hōʻike ana ʻo Solomons, MD i kahi aquarium liona iʻa i kā lākou ʻāpana Eco-Invaders ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka Estuarium.

"ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mea hoʻoweliweli kaiaola o kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana i ko mākou ʻāina e aʻo i kā mākou mau malihini e pili ana i ka hoʻolauna ʻia ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻano invasive," wahi a Moyer ma ka leka uila e pili ana i nā hana hou e hiki mai ana i ka hōʻikeʻike Eco-Invaders. "Ma muli o kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe e ʻike i ka hopena o kā lākou mau hana a me nā koho i ko lākou kaiapuni. Hiki i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia ʻike ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hoʻolauna makemake ʻole e hiki mai ana.

He mea kākau ʻo Laura Sesana a he loio DC, MD. E hahai iā ia ma Facebook, Twitter @lasesana, a me Google+.