Pau ka manaolana. Nalo ka Vaquita

Na Mark J. Spalding, Peresidena

Hoʻomaka hou ka lā Groundhog

I kēia hopena pule, ua lohe au ua pilikia ka Vaquita Porpoise, i loko o ka pilikia, a me ka makemake nui e pale koke. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo like i hiki ke hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka waena o 1980 i koʻu hoʻomaka ʻana e hana ma Baja Kaleponi.

ʻAe, no ka aneane 30 makahiki, ua ʻike mākou i ke kūlana o ka Vaquita. Ua ʻike mākou i nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ke ola ʻana o ka Vaquita. ʻOiai ma ka pae ʻaelike honua, ua ʻike mākou i ka mea e pono ai ke hana e pale aku i ka pau ʻana.

No nā makahiki he nui, ua noʻonoʻo nui ka US Marine Mammal Commission i ka Vaquita ʻo ia ka mea maʻi maʻi moana e hiki mai ana e pau, a hoʻolaʻa i ka manawa, ka ikehu a me nā kumuwaiwai no ke kākoʻo ʻana i kona mālama ʻana a me ka pale. He leo nui ma ia komisina ʻo ia kona poʻo, ʻo Tim Ragen, ka mea i hoʻomaha loa. I ka makahiki 2007, ʻo wau ka mea kōkua no ka North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation's North American Conservation Action Plan for the Vaquita, kahi i ʻae ai nā aupuni ʻekolu o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau e hana e hoʻoponopono koke i nā mea hoʻoweliweli. I ka makahiki 2009, ua kākoʻo nui mākou i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni palapala na Chris Johnson i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "ʻO ka manawa hope loa no ka Desert Porpoise."  Aia i loko o kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni ke kiʻi wikiō mua loa o kēia holoholona paʻakikī.

Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka Vaquita e ulu mālie nei ma o nā iwi a me nā kupapaʻu i nā makahiki 1950. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia kona ʻano ʻano waho a hiki i ka makahiki 1980 i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Vaquita i ka ʻupena o ka lawaiʻa. ʻO ka poʻe lawaiʻa ma hope o ka iʻa finfish, ka ʻōpae, a ʻo ka mea i hala aku nei, ʻo Totoaba i make. ʻO ka Vaquita ʻaʻole ia he porpoise nui, ma lalo o 4 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi, a he kamaʻāina ʻo ia ma ke kahawai ʻākau o Kaleponi, kona wahi noho wale nō. ʻO ka iʻa Totoaba he iʻa kai, ʻokoʻa i ke Kaiwa o Kaleponi, nona nā ʻōpū e ʻimi ʻia e hoʻokō i ka koi ma ka mākeke ʻAsia ʻoiai ke kānāwai ʻole o ke kālepa. Ua hoʻomaka kēia koi ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kahi iʻa like loa ma Kina ma muli o ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana.

ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka mākeke mua no nā lawaiʻa ʻōpae ʻākau o Kaleponi. ʻO ka ʻōpae, e like me ka iʻa ʻili a me ka Totoaba e pōloli nei, hopu ʻia me ka ʻupena. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ka Vaquita kekahi o nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia, ʻo ka "bycatch," i hopu ʻia me ka mea hana. Hiki i ka Vaquita ke hopu i ka pectoral fin a ʻōwili e puka i waho—e lilo wale i mea hihia. He mea hōʻoluʻolu liʻiliʻi ka ʻike ʻana ua make koke lākou i ka haʻalulu ma mua o ka lohi a me ka asphyxiation ʻeha.

He wahi puʻuhonua liʻiliʻi ko ka Vaquita ma ke awāwa luna o ke Kai o Cortez. ʻOi aku ka nui o kona wahi noho a ʻo kona wahi noho holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole naʻe, hui pū me nā ʻōpae nui, nā iʻa a me nā lawaiʻa Totoaba. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōpae a me Totoaba, ʻaʻole hoʻi ʻo Vaquita ke heluhelu i ka palapala ʻāina a ʻike paha i kahi e waiho ai nā mea hoʻoweliweli. Akā hiki i nā kānaka a pono.

Ma ka Poalima, i ko makou Eono Makahiki Hale Hana Mamamo Moana Kaleponi Hema, aia kahi papa e kūkākūkā ai i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka Vaquita. ʻO ka laina lalo he pōʻino, a kaumaha. A ʻo ka pane ʻana o ka poʻe i pili e noho huhū a lawa ʻole - a lele i mua o ka ʻepekema, ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau, a me nā loina mālama ʻoiaʻiʻo.

I ka makahiki 1997, ua hopohopo nui mākou no ka liʻiliʻi o ka heluna kanaka o ka Vaquita porpoise a me ka emi ʻana o ka nui. I kēlā manawa, aia he 567 mau kānaka. ʻO ka manawa e hoʻopakele ai i ka Vaquita i kēlā manawa-ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pāpā piha i ka ʻupena gillnet a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ola ola a me nā hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe i hoʻopakele i ka Vaquita a hoʻopaʻa i nā kaiāulu lawaiʻa. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻohe makemake i waena o ke kaiāulu mālama a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻoponopono e "ʻōlelo wale ʻole" a pale i ka noho ʻana o ka porpoise.

Ua hana ikaika ʻo Barbara Taylor, Jay Harlow a me nā luna NOAA ʻē aʻe e hana i ka ʻepekema pili i ko mākou ʻike no ka Vaquita i paʻa a hiki ʻole ke hoʻopiʻi. Ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo lākou i nā aupuni ʻelua e ʻae i kahi moku noiʻi NOAA e hoʻolilo i ka manawa ma ke Kaiwa o luna, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana maka nui e kiʻi a hana i nā helu transect o ka nui o ka holoholona (a i ʻole ka nele). Ua kono ʻia ʻo Barbara Taylor a ua ʻae ʻia e lawelawe ma kahi komisina peresidena Mekiko e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolaʻa o kēlā aupuni no ka Vaquita.

I Iune 2013, ua hoʻopuka ke aupuni Mekiko i ka helu Regulatory Standard 002 nāna i kauoha e hoʻopau i nā ʻupena drift gill mai ka lawaiʻa. E hana ʻia kēia ma kahi o 1/3 i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma kahi o ʻekolu makahiki. ʻAʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kēia a ma hope o ka papa manawa. Eia hou, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka pani piha ʻana i nā lawaiʻa āpau i ka noho ʻana o ka Vaquita i ka hikiwawe.

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, i loko o ka US Marine Mammal Commission i kēia lā a ma waena o kekahi mau alakaʻi mālama mālama ma Mekiko, ua wikiwiki ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā i hana ʻia i 30 mau makahiki i hala aku nei akā ua aneane ʻakaʻaka i kēia lā i kona lawa ʻole. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā kaukani kālā a me nā makahiki he nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e pale aku ai i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka lawaiʻa. E ʻōlelo wale aku ʻo "ʻaʻole" ʻaʻole ia he koho—ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole no ka poʻe ʻilihune ʻo Vaquita. Akā, ʻo ke alakaʻi hou o ka US Marine Mammal Commission e ʻimi nei i kahi "hoʻolālā hoʻoikaika waiwai," ʻo ke ʻano i hōʻoia ʻia ʻaʻole pono e kēlā me kēia noiʻi nui - ʻo ka mea hou loa e ka hōʻike a ka World Bank, "Mind, Society, and Behavior."

ʻOiai inā e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hōʻailona ʻana o "Vaquita safe shrimp" ma o nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻike mākou he mau makahiki ka nui o ia mau hana no ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana a paʻa piha ʻia e nā lawaiʻa, a hiki ke loaʻa i kā lākou hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, he mau mahina ka Vaquita, ʻaʻole makahiki. ʻOiai i ka pau ʻana o kā mākou hoʻolālā 2007, 58% o ka heluna kanaka i nalowale, waiho ʻia he 245 mau kānaka. I kēia lā, helu ʻia ka heluna kanaka ma 97 mau kānaka. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka maoli no ka Vaquita ma kahi o 3 pakeneka wale nō i ka makahiki. A ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i kēia ka helu maʻi o ka emi ʻana, i manaʻo ʻia ma 18.5%, ma muli o nā hana kanaka.

ʻO kahi ʻōlelo hopena hoʻoponopono Mekiko i hoʻopuka ʻia ma Dekemaba 23, 2014 e hōʻike ana i ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa gillnet ma ka ʻāina no ʻelua makahiki wale nō, ka uku piha no ka loaʻa kālā i nalowale i ka poʻe lawaiʻa, ka hoʻokō kaiāulu, a me ka manaʻolana e piʻi aʻe ka helu o Vaquita. i loko o 24 mahina. ʻO kēia ʻōlelo he hana hoʻolālā aupuni i wehe ʻia no ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu, a no laila, ʻaʻohe o mākou manaʻo e ʻae paha ke aupuni Mekiko iā ia a ʻaʻole paha.

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hiki i ka waiwai o ka lawaiʻa Totoaba ke kānāwai ke hoʻopau i kekahi papahana, ʻoiai nā mea nāwaliwali ma ka papaʻaina. Aia nā hōʻike hōʻoia ke komo nei na kaa laau lapaau Mekiko i ka lawaia Totoaba no ka lawe ana aku i na i'a i Kina. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka “crack cocaine of fish” no ka mea, ke kuai aku nei na puu o Totoaba i $8500 no ke kilo; a ke hele nei ka i'a no $10,000-$20,000 pakahi ma Kina.

ʻOiai inā ʻae ʻia, ʻaʻole maopopo ka lawa ʻana o ka pani ʻana. I mea e hoʻokō pono ai, pono e hoʻokō nui a koʻikoʻi. Ma muli o ke komo ʻana o nā cartels, pono paha e hoʻokō ʻia e ka Navy Mekiko. A, pono i ka Navy Mekiko ka makemake e pāpā a hao i nā waʻa a me nā mea lawaiʻa, mai nā lawaiʻa i aloha ʻia e kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka waiwai nui o kēlā me kēia iʻa, e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka palekana a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā mea hoʻokō āpau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole paha e hoʻokipa ke aupuni Mekiko i ke kōkua hoʻokō i waho.

A ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka US e like me ka hewa i ke kālepa hewa. Ua pāpā mākou i nā Totoaba (a i ʻole ko lākou mau ʻūhā) ma ka palena ʻo US-Mexico a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Kaleponi e ʻike ai ʻo LAX a i ʻole nā ​​mokulele nui ʻē aʻe he mau wahi transshipment. Pono e hana ʻia e hōʻoia ʻaʻole pili ke aupuni Kina i ka lawe ʻana mai i kēia huahana i ʻohi ʻia me ke kānāwai ʻole. ʻO kēia keʻano o ka laweʻana i kēia pilikia i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kūkākūkā kālepa me Kina a me ka hoʻoholoʻana i kahi o nā puka i loko o kaʻupena e paheʻe ai ke kālepa.

Pono mākou e hana i kēia mau ʻanuʻu me ka nānā ʻole i ka Vaquita a me kona pau ʻana - ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Totoaba i pōʻino i ka liʻiliʻi loa, a ma ka inoa o ka moʻomeheu o ka pale ʻana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kālepa kūʻokoʻa i nā holoholona hihiu, nā kānaka, a me nā waiwai. Ke ʻae aku nei au ua ʻeha koʻu naʻau i kā mākou hui ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā mea a mākou i ʻike ai e pili ana i nā pono o kēia mammal kai kūʻokoʻa i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka wā i loaʻa ai iā mākou ka manawa kūpono a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka politika.

Pīhoihoi au i ka pili ʻana o kekahi i ka manaʻo e hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻolālā "Vaquita-safe shrimp" me 97 mau kānaka i koe. Pīhoihoi au i ka hiki i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi ʻano i kahi kokoke i ka pau ʻana me ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻike āpau ma ko mākou mau lima, a ka laʻana hou o ka Baiji dolphin e alakaʻi iā mākou. Makemake au e manaʻolana e loaʻa i nā ʻohana lawaiʻa ʻilihune ke kōkua e pono ai lākou e pani i ka loaʻa kālā mai ka lawaiʻa ʻōpae a me ka lawaiʻa. Manaʻolana wau e huki mākou i nā wahi āpau e pani i ka lawaiʻa gillnet a hoʻokō i nā kaʻa. Makemake au e manaʻoʻiʻo hiki iā mākou.

Na Barb Taylor kiʻi nui