Hana wili ʻana ma waho

Ua manaʻoʻiʻo nui koʻu kupuna wahine i ka ʻōlelo kahiko, "Mai hoʻokomo i kāu mau hua a pau i loko o ka hīnaʻi hoʻokahi." Ua ʻike ʻo ia ʻo ka hilinaʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi akamai a i ʻole hoʻokahi ʻoihana a i ʻole hoʻokahi kumu o ka loaʻa kālā he hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe. Ua ʻike pū ʻo ia ʻaʻole like ke kūʻokoʻa me ke aupuni. E ʻike ʻo ia ʻaʻole pono ka poʻe ʻAmelika e halihali i ke kaumaha o ka poʻe e ʻimi nei e kūʻai aku i kā mākou hua lehulehu no ka uku pilikino. Nānā wau i ka palapala ʻāina mai ka Bureau of Ocean Energy Management a pono wau e nīnau iaʻu iho—he aha kāna e ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i nā hua i loko o kēia hīnaʻi?

"Ua hoʻokuʻu aku ka mea kūʻai aila nui loa o ka honua i nā hydrocarbons ma mua o ka makahiki 2017 a ʻaʻole hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka lohi. Kapa ʻoe iā ia - ʻaila ʻaila, ʻaila, diesel, propane a me nā kinoea kūlohelohe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia - ua hoʻouna ʻia nā mea a pau i waho ma kahi wikiwiki.

ʻO Laura Blewitt, Bloomberg News

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā hui ikehu a pau e ʻimi nei i ka loaʻa kālā mai nā kumuwaiwai aupuni no ka poʻe o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā hanauna hou o ʻAmelika. ʻAʻole naʻe ke kuleana o ka poʻe ʻAmelika e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa kālā o kēlā mau hui, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻemi i ko lākou pilikia, ʻaʻole hoʻi e lawe i ke kaumaha o ka uku ʻana i nā pōʻino e hiki mai ana i nā holoholona hihiu o ʻAmelika, nā muliwai, nā ululāʻau, nā kahakai, nā koʻa, nā kūlanakauhale, mahiʻai, ʻoihana a kanaka paha. ʻO ia ke kuleana o ko mākou mau ʻelele aupuni ma nā lālā hoʻokō, hoʻokolokolo, a me ka ʻahaʻōlelo, aia lākou ma laila e pani i ka pono o ka poʻe ʻAmelika. ʻO kā lākou kuleana e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pōʻino i nā waiwai o ka lehulehu i nā pōmaikaʻi i ka poʻe ʻAmelika, ko mākou waiwai aupuni, a me nā hanauna e hiki mai ana e hilinaʻi pū iā lākou.

Nā Wahi Hana ʻaila a me nā kinoea hou ma ko kākou moana:

Ma ka lā 4 o Ianuali, ua hoʻokuʻu ka 'Oihana o Energy's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management i kahi papahana ʻelima makahiki hou no ka hana ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka Outer Continental Shelf ma nā kai o ʻAmelika no ka pane ʻana i ke kauoha a ka Pelekikena i ka lā ʻApelila i hala. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻolālā e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka makani o waho a ʻo ka hapa nui e nānā i ka wehe ʻana i nā wahi hou no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu waiwai aila a me nā kinoea. E like me kāu e ʻike ai mai ka palapala ʻāina, ʻaʻohe wahi o ko mākou kahakai i ʻike ʻole ʻia mai ka pilikia (koe wale ʻo Florida, ma hope o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo).

ʻO nā wahi ma ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika a me ke kahawai hikina o Mexico aia i loko o ka papahana hou, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 miliona mau ʻeka ma ka Arctic a me ka hapa nui o ka East Seaboard. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahi i manaʻo ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika, ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole maopopo ka ʻino, ka manawa, a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe i ka hana ikehu, ʻaʻohe mea liʻiliʻi e kākoʻo i nā hana wili, a me ka hiki He mea maikaʻi loa ia no ka pōʻino i ka heluna kanaka o nā mammals moana, nā iʻa, nā manu kai a me nā mea ola kai ʻē aʻe. Nui nō hoʻi ka pōʻino i ke ola o nā miliona o ʻAmelika, ʻoi aku ka poʻe e hana nei i ka mākaʻikaʻi, ka lawaiʻa, ka nānā ʻana i ke koholā, a me ka lawaiʻa.  

ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka ʻimi ʻana:

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pū ea seismic e pahū ana i loko o nā kai moana ma 250 decibels no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻaila a me ke kinoea ua hoʻololi i ko kākou moana. Ua ʻike mākou ua pilikia nā koholā, nā iʻa, a me nā mea momona ʻē aʻe o ka moana, e like me nā iʻa a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ke hoʻouka ʻia lākou e ka hana seismic. Pono nā ʻoihana e hana nei i kēia mau hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ke Marine Mammal Protection Act (a mākou i wehewehe ai ma kahi blog i kau ʻia 1/12/18). Pono ka Fish and Wildlife Service a me ka National Marine Fisheries Service e nānā i nā noi a nānā i ka pōʻino o ka hoʻāʻo seismic. Inā ʻae ʻia, hoʻomaopopo kēlā mau ʻae e hana ʻino nā hui a hoʻonoho i kahi pae i ʻae ʻia o ka "insidental take," he huaʻōlelo ʻo ia ka wehewehe ʻana i ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā holoholona e hōʻeha ʻia a pepehi ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mālama aila a me ke kinoea. Aia kekahi poʻe e nīnau nei i ke kumu e hoʻohana mau ʻia ai nā ʻano hana ʻino, nui, pololei ʻole no ka ʻimi ʻaila a me ke kinoea i loko o nā kai moana ke hiki mai ka ʻenehana palapala palapala. ʻOiaʻiʻo, eia kahi kahi e hiki ai i nā hui ke hana i nā pōʻino liʻiliʻi i nā kaiāulu ʻAmelika a me nā kumuwaiwai moana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā.

"Ke hilinaʻi nei kēia mau ʻoihana koʻikoʻi i ka wai maʻemaʻe o Maine, a hiki i kahi kahe liʻiliʻi ke hoʻopōʻino i ke kaiaola ma ke Kaiwaʻi o Maine, me nā ʻuala ula a me nā heluna ula o nā mākua i loko," i kākau ai ʻo Collins lāua ʻo King. “Eia hou, ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻimi hoʻāʻo seismic ma waho o ke kahakai i kekahi mau hihia e hoʻopau i nā ʻano neʻe o nā iʻa a me nā mammals kai. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino i loaʻa e ka ʻimi ʻaila a me ke kinoea a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma nā kahakai ʻo Maine ma mua o nā pono kūpono.

ʻO Portland Press Herald, 9 Jan 2018

ʻOihana a me ka pilikia:

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e hoʻomaka ka wili ʻana ma nā wahi āpau ma waho o ke Kaiwa o Mexico i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Aia nā kaʻina hana e hoʻokumu ʻia a me nā noi e loiloi ʻia. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaila ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika he waiwai nui i ka ʻoihana—ʻaʻohe ʻupena paipu, ʻōnaehana awa, a i ʻole ka hiki ke pane i ka pilikia. ʻAʻole maopopo ia e kākoʻo nā kumukūʻai aila i ka nui o nā lilo no ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mana hou, a ʻaʻole hoʻi he hana kūpono ia i hāʻawi ʻia i ka pilikia o nā mea hoʻopukapuka. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka hoʻokipa ʻole ʻia ʻana o ka papahana ʻelima makahiki hou e nā lima ākea, ʻoiai he mau makahiki ka lōʻihi o ka wili ʻana maoli, inā loaʻa ia. 

Hawaiian American ua hōʻike ʻia he nui ke kūʻē ʻana o ka ʻāina i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā hana aila a me nā hana kinoea ma nā kai kahakai: “ʻO nā mea kūʻē i nā kiaʻāina o New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kaleponi, Oregon a me Wakinekona; ʻoi aku ma mua o 150 mau kūlanakauhale kahakai; a me kahi hui o nā ʻoihana ʻoi aku ma mua o 41,000 a me 500,000 ʻohana lawaiʻa.¹ Ua hui pū kēia mau alakaʻi kaiaulu a mokuʻāina e kūʻē i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka Pelekikena Obama a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia. Ua hoʻi mai ka manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua, a ʻaʻole i loli ka pae pilikia. ʻO nā kaiāulu kahakai e hilinaʻi nei i nā hana hoʻokele waiwai like ʻole e hilinaʻi nei i ka ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole pilikia kā lākou hoʻopukapuka mai ka hopena mau o nā hana ikehu ʻenehana a i ʻole mai ka hiki maoli ʻana o nā leaks, nā kahe, a me ka hemahema o ka ʻoihana.

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (ʻAʻole hōʻike ka palapala ʻāina i nā wahi ma Alaska, e like me ka Cook Inlet)

Ma 2017, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pōʻino kūlohelohe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ko mākou ʻāina ma mua o $307 biliona kālā. I ka manawa e pono ai kākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pōʻino i ko kākou kaiāulu kahakai ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana a me ke kūpaʻa i mua o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻilikai a me nā ʻino ʻoi aku ka ikaika. E uku mākou a pau i kekahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā poho pohō i nā mea hale a me nā ʻoihana i hoʻopilikia ʻia, a me ko lākou mau kaiāulu. E lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻihoʻi ʻia e like me ka nui o nā piliona e pono ai ke kahe e kākoʻo i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ko mākou mau kaiāulu ma Virgin Islands, ma Puerto Rico, ma Kaleponi, ma Texas, a ma Florida. A ʻaʻole ia e helu i nā kālā e kahe mau ana e hoʻāʻo e hoʻoponopono i ka pōʻino nui mai nā hanana i hala e like me ka ʻaila ʻaila BP, ʻoiai ʻehiku mau makahiki ma hope e loaʻa ana ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā kumu waiwai o ke Kaiwa o Mexico.  

Mai ka makahiki 1950, ua aneane pālua ʻia ka heluna kanaka o ʻAmelika ma kahi o 325 miliona mau kānaka, a ua piʻi ka heluna kanaka o ka honua mai 2.2 biliona a ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 biliona kānaka. ʻOi aku ma mua o ʻelua hapakolu o nā ʻAmelika e noho ana ma nā mokuʻāina kahakai. No laila ua piʻi nui ko mākou kuleana i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana - pono mākou e hōʻoia i ka nānā ʻana i ka hōʻoia ʻana i kā mākou hoʻohana e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino, ka ʻōpala a me ka pilikia. Aia paha ma kahi e pilikia nui ai ka poʻe i kēia manawa ke waiho ʻia no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana me ka ʻenehana hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo wale i kēia lā. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa manuahi a hiki ke loaʻa no ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa—ka makani, ka lā, a me nā nalu—hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka pilikia iā mākou a me nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i kā mākou mau pono me ka hoʻolālā naʻauao ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana a mālama ʻana, ʻo ia kekahi hoʻolālā e hoʻonui i ke ʻano o ka ʻuhane noʻonoʻo i ko mākou hoʻoilina.

Ke hana nei mākou i ka ikehu hou aʻe i kēia lā ma mua o kā mākou i loaʻa ai—me ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea. Pono mākou e nīnau iā mākou iho i ke kumu e pono ai mākou e hoʻolaha i nā hana koʻikoʻi nui e unuhi i nā kumuwaiwai ikehu e lawe ʻia aku i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e waiho wale ana i ka pōʻino no mākou. Ke hoʻokō nei mākou i ko mākou mau pono ikehu me nā ʻano kumu like ʻole a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ʻole e hoʻopau i kā mākou hoʻoilina waiwai.

ʻAʻole kēia ka manawa e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia a me ka pōʻino i nā kai moana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka manawa kēia e pāpālua ai no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka manawa kēia e hoʻolilo i kā mākou hoʻoilina i ka pōmaikaʻi. ʻO ka manawa kēia e hoʻokomo i nā koho ikehu e hāʻawi i nā mea e pono ai mākou me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pilikia i ke ola o nā miliona o ʻAmelika. ʻO kēia ka manawa e hoʻomalu ai i ko kākou mau kai moana, nā kaiāulu kai, a me nā mea hihiu e kapa nei i ka moana home.  

¹ Ua wehe ʻo Trump i nā wai nui i ka ʻau kai moana, na Brittany Patterson, Zack Coleman, Climate Wire. 5 Ianuali 2018

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-opens-vast-waters-to-offshore-drilling/

ʻO Collins a me King i nā Feds e mālama i ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea hoʻoheheʻe mai ke kahakai ʻo Maine, na Kevin Miller, Portland Press Herald, 9 Ianuali 2018 http://www.pressherald.com/2018/01/08/collins-and-king-to-feds-keep-oil-and-gas-drilling-away-from-maines-coastline/?utm_source=Headlines&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Daily&utm_source=Press+Herald+Newsletters&utm_campaign=a792e0cfc9-PPH_Daily_Headlines_Email&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b674c9be4b-a792e0cfc9-199565341

Ke lawe aku nei ʻo ʻAmelika i ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea ma kahi wikiwiki, Laura Blewitt, Bloomberg News, 12 Dec 2017 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-12/u-s-fuels-the-world-as-shale-boom-powers-record-oil-exports

Ua wehe ʻo Trump i nā wai nui i ka ʻau kai moana, na Brittany Patterson, Zack Coleman, Climate Wire. ʻAmelika ʻepekema 5 Ianuali 2018   
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-opens-vast-waters-to-offshore-drilling/