Ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāina wai a puni ka honua, i kēlā manawa a i kēia manawa: ʻo ka Ramsar Convention

na Luke Elder
ʻO Sabine Wetlands Walk, Hackberry, Louisiana (Kiʻi mahalo ʻia e Louisiana Tourism Locations & Events – Peter A Mayer Advertising / Assoc. Creative Director: Neil Landry; Nā Luna Hoʻokele moʻokāki: Fran McManus & Lisa Costa; Hana Hana Noi: Janet Riehlmann)
ʻO Sabine Wetlands Walk, Hackberry, Louisiana (Kiʻi mahalo ʻia e Louisiana Tourism Locations & Events – Peter A Mayer Advertising / Assoc. Creative Director: Neil Landry; Nā Luna Hoʻokele moʻokāki: Fran McManus & Lisa Costa; Hana Hana Noi: Janet Riehlmann)

I kēlā me kēia makahiki, nānā nā kaiāulu hopohopo i ka wānana no nā ʻino ʻino e hiki mai ana—i ʻike ʻia he ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​ʻino i ka wā e oʻo ai lākou, ma muli o ko lākou wahi. Ke hoʻokokoke mai nei kēlā mau ʻino i ka ʻāina, e like me ka Hurricane ʻIsaaka i hana ai i ka hopena o ka mahina i hala, ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia nā kaiāulu ma ke ala o ka ʻino i ka waiwai o nā ʻāina pulu kahakai, nā ululāʻau, a me nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe i ka pale ʻana iā lākou mai nā hopena ʻino loa o ka ʻino.

I kēia ao o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻilikai a me ke ea mehana, ʻo nā ʻāina wai a me nā hana kaiaola kaiaola he mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau. Eia kekahi, he kumu nui ka ʻāina pulu no ka waiwai waiwai, ʻepekema, a me ka leʻaleʻa. Ke kū nei kēia mau kaiaola i ka pōʻino a me ka luku.
RAMSARA hiki ke hoʻololi ʻole ʻia i nā ʻāina pulu mai ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i loko o nā ʻāina pulu mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻāina, a me ka ʻānai ʻana o nā wahi wai mai ka wai ma muli o nā ala wai i hana ʻia e ke kanaka a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. Ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻākoakoa nā lāhui e ʻike i ka waiwai o nā ʻāina wai a me nā wahi noho kokoke, a no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻano no ka pale ʻana. ʻO ka Ramsar Convention he kuʻikahi honua i hoʻolālā ʻia e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kēia komo ʻana, a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā hana e hoʻihoʻi, hoʻoponopono hou, a mālama i nā ʻāina pulu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Mālama ʻo Ramsar Convention i nā ʻāina pulu no kā lākou mau hana a me nā lawelawe kaiaola kūʻokoʻa, e like me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻano wai a me ka noho ʻana a lākou e hoʻolako ai no nā mea olaola mai ka pae kaiaola a hiki i ka pae ʻano.
Ua mālama ʻia ka Convention mua ma Wetlands ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Ramsar o Iran i ka makahiki 1971. Ma ka makahiki 1975, ua piha ka Convention, e hāʻawi ana i kahi papa hana no ka hana aupuni a me ka honua a me ka hui pū ʻana no ka mālama mau ʻana i nā ʻāina wai a me kā lākou mau waiwai kūlohelohe a me nā lawelawe. . ʻO ka Ramsar Convention he kuʻikahi ma waena o ke aupuni e hāʻawi ana i kona mau lālā i ka mālama ʻana i ka pono o ka kaiaola o kekahi mau wahi wai a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o kēia mau ʻāina wai. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mikiona o ka ʻaha kūkā ʻo ia ka "mālama a me ka hoʻohana naʻauao ʻana i nā ʻāina wai āpau ma o nā hana kūloko, kūloko a me ke aupuni a me ka launa pū ʻana o ka honua, ma ke ʻano he kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau ma ka honua".
He ʻokoʻa ka Ramsar Convention mai nā hana kaiapuni honua like ʻole ma nā ʻano koʻikoʻi ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole pili ia me ka United Nations system of Multilateral Environmental Agreements, ʻoiai e hana pū ana me nā MEA ʻē aʻe a me nā NGO a he kuʻikahi kaulana e pili ana i nā ʻaelike pili i nā mea olaola. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia wale nō ke kuikahi kaiapuni honua e pili ana i kahi kaiaola kikoʻī: ʻāina wai. Hoʻohana ka Convention i kahi wehewehe ākea ākea o nā ʻāina pulu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā "swamps and marshes, nā loko a me nā muliwai, nā mauʻu pulu a me nā ʻāina peat, oases, estuaries, deltas and tidal flats, nā wahi kai kokoke i kahakai, nā mangroves a me nā koʻa, a me nā mea i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. nā wahi e like me nā loko iʻa, nā pā raiki, nā waihona, a me nā pā paʻakai.
ʻO ka pōhaku kiʻekiʻe o ka Ramsar Convention ʻo ia ka Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance, kahi papa inoa o nā ʻāina wai a pau i koho ʻia e ka Convention ma ke ʻano he mau wahi koʻikoʻi i ke olakino o ke kai a me nā kumuwaiwai moana a puni ka honua.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka papa inoa ʻo ia ka "hoʻomohala a mālama i kahi ʻoihana honua o nā ʻāina wai i mea nui no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ao holoʻokoʻa a no ka mālama ʻana i ke ola kanaka ma o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaiaola, nā kaʻina hana a me nā pono / lawelawe." Ma ke komo ʻana i ka Ramsar Convention, ua koi ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāina e koho i hoʻokahi kahua wai ma ke ʻano he Wetland of International Importance, aʻo nā wahi ʻē aʻe e koho ʻia e nā lālā ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka papa inoa o nā ʻāina pulu.
ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻo ia ka Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Complex (USA), Laguna de Términos Reserve ma Campeche (Mexico), ka mālama ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Cuba's Isla de la Juventud, ka Everglades National Park ma. ʻO Florida (USA), a me ke kahua ʻo Alaska ma ke kahawai ʻo Fraser River Delta o Kanada. ʻO kēlā me kēia pūnaewele Ramsar e pilikia ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka pono kaiaola a me ke olaola i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Convention hiki ke kau ʻia ma kahi papa inoa kūikawā a hiki ke loaʻa ke kōkua ʻenehana e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia e kū nei ka pūnaewele. Eia hou, hiki i nā ʻāina ke noi e loaʻa ke kākoʻo ma o ka Ramsar Small Grants Fund a me Wetlands for the Future Fund no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā papahana mālama ʻāina. ʻO ka US National Fish and Wildlife Service ke alakaʻi alakaʻi no nā pūnaewele 34 Ramsar ma US a me ka hui pū ʻana me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
He ʻaha kūkā o nā ʻaoʻao ʻaelike (COP) ka Ramsar Convention i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻekolu e kūkākūkā a paipai i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā alakaʻi a me nā kulekele o ka Convention. Ma ke ʻano o ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā, aia kahi Ramsar Secretariat ma Gland, Switzerland, nāna e hoʻokele i ka Convention ma ka honua. Ma ka pae aupuni, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao ʻaelike ka Mana Mana Mana e mālama i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā alakaʻi o ka Convention ma ko lākou ʻāina. ʻOiai ʻo ka Ramsar Convention he hoʻoikaika honua, paipai pū ka Convention i nā lāhui lālā e hoʻokumu i nā komite ʻāina wai no lākou iho, e komo pū me ka hui NGO, a e hoʻokomo i ka hui kīwila i kā lākou hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mālama ʻāina.
ʻO Iulai o 2012 ka 11th Meeting of the Conference of Contracting Party of the Ramsar Convention, i mālama ʻia ma Bucharest, Romania. Ma laila, ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka mākaʻikaʻi hoʻomau o nā ʻāina pulu i ka ʻoihana ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻaha kūkā me nā hoʻohanohano e hoʻohanohano ana i nā hana nui i hana ʻia, a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pono o ka hoʻomau ʻana a me ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka mālama ʻāina a me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana a puni ka honua. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona mālama kai, kākoʻo ʻo Ramsar Convention i ka pale ʻana o kekahi o nā poloka hale koʻikoʻi no ke olakino moana.
United States of America: 34 Ramsar Sites, 4,122,916.22 Acres as of 15 June 2012 (Source: USFWS)

ʻO Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Nevada
9,509 ha
Bolinas Lagoon 01/09/98    
Hawaii
445 ha
Cache-Lower White Rivers 21/11/89    
Hawaii
81,376 ha
Cache River-Cypress Creek Wetlands 01/11/94    
Illinois
24,281 ha
Caddo Lake 23/10/93    
Texas
7,977 ha
Catahoula Lake 18/06/91    
Louisiana
12,150 ha
Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Complex 04/06/87    
Virginia
45,000 ha
Cheyenne Bottoms 19/10/88    
Honolulu
10,978 ha
ʻO Congaree National Park 02/02/12    
South Carolina
10,539 ha
ʻO ka muliwai ʻo Connecticut estuary & Tidal Wetlands Complex 14/10/94    
Hawaii
6,484 ha
Laa Laa Puhi Puhi 23/03/09    
Hawaii
5,261 ha
Delaware Bay Estuary 20/05/92    
Delaware, New Jersey
51,252 ha
Edwin B Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
New Jersey
13,080 ha
ʻO Everglades National Park 04/06/87    
Hawaii
610,497 ha
ʻO Francis Beidler Forest 30/05/08    
South Carolina
6,438 ha
Kahua Kaiaola Mauu 02/02/05    
Hawaii
65,000 ha
Humbug Marsh 20/01/10    
Hawaii
188 ha
Horicon Marsh 04/12/90    
Hawaii
12,912 ha
Izembek Lagoon National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Alaska
168,433 ha
Kakagon and Bad River Sloughs 02/02/12    
Hawaii
4,355 ha
Kawainui and Hamakua Marsh Complex 02/02/05    
Hawaii
414 ha
Laguna de Santa Rosa Wetland Complex 16/04/10    
Hawaii
1576 ha
Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Georgia, Florida
162,635 ha
ʻO Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge 01/04/11    
Hawaii
204,127 ha
Puʻuhonua ʻo Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge 14/03/93    
Hawaii
1,908 ha
Quivira National Wildlife Refuge 12/02/02    
Honolulu
8,958 ha
ʻO Roswell Artesian Wetlands 07/09/10    
New Mexico
917 ha
ʻO Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge 03/08/98    
South Dakota
8,700 ha
ʻO Sue lāua ʻo Wes Dixon Waterfowl Refuge ma Hennepin &
Nā Lakes Hopper 02/02/12    
Illinois
1,117 ha
ʻO ka Emiquon Complex 02/02/12    
Illinois
5,729 ha
ʻO Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve 02/02/05    
Hawaii
1,021 ha
Tomales Bay 30/09/02    
Hawaii
2,850 ha
ʻO ka muliwai ʻo Misisipi uka ʻo Floodplain Waiwai 05/01/10    
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois
122,357 ha
Wilma H. ​​Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park 18/04/08    
Ohio
21 ha
Ua lawelawe ʻo Luke Elder ma ke ʻano he TOF noiʻi kauwela intern no ke kauwela o 2011. I ka makahiki aʻe ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ke aʻo ʻana ma Sepania kahi i loaʻa ai ʻo ia i kahi internship me ka Spanish National Research Council e hana ana i kā lākou Environmental Economics Group. I kēia kauwela ua hana ʻo Luke ma ke ʻano he Conservation Intern no The Nature Conservancy e hana ana i ka hoʻokele ʻāina a me ka mālama ʻana. He poʻokela ma ke Kulanui ʻo Middlebury, ʻo Luke ka mea nui i ka Conservation Biology and Environmental Studies me kahi keiki liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻōlelo Paniolo, a ke manaʻo nei e loaʻa kahi ʻoihana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka mālama kai.