Carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ

Carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ bụ carbon dioxide nke oké osimiri na gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri weghaara. A na-echekwa carbon a n'ụdị biomass na sedimenti sitere na mangroves, mmiri mmiri na ala ahịhịa juru. Carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ bụ usoro kachasị dị irè, ma a na-eleghara ya anya, maka ịchịkọta carbon na nchekwa ogologo oge. N'otu aka ahụ, itinye ego na carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-enye ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi bara uru nke na-enye aka n'ikike ndị mmadụ ibelata na ime mgbanwe na mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe.

N'ebe a, anyị achịkọtala ụfọdụ akụrụngwa kachasị mma na isiokwu a.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ ozi

Ego Carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ - oke osimiri kwekọrọ na REDD maka nhazi carbon na steeti ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. (Flyer)
Nke a bụ nchịkọta bara uru na nchịkọta nke akụkọ UNEP na GRID-Arendal, gụnyere ọrụ dị oke egwu nke oké osimiri na-arụ na ihu igwe anyị na usoro ndị ọzọ iji tinye ya na atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe.   

Carbon Blue: Map Akụkọ sitere na GRID-Arendal.
Akwụkwọ akụkọ mmekọrịta na sayensị nke carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na ndụmọdụ amụma maka nchebe ya na GRID-Arendal.

AGEDI. 2014. Ịrụ Ọrụ Carbon Blue - Ntuziaka mmalite. AGEDI/EAD. AGEDI biputere ya. Emepụtara ya bụ GRID-Arendal, Ụlọ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ na UNEP, Norway.
Akụkọ a bụ ntụle nke sayensị, amụma na njikwa Blue Carbon na mmekorita ya na mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi nke United Nations. A na-enyocha mmetụta ego na ụlọ ọrụ nke na-acha anụnụ anụnụ yana ikike maka ọrụ. Nke a gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe na Australia, Thailand, Abu Dhabi, Kenya na Madagascar.

Pidgeon, E., Herr, D., Fonseca, L. (2011). Ibelata carbon carbon na-ebuwanye ibu na nchekwa Carbon site na Seagrasses, Tidal Marshes, Mangroves - Ntụnye sitere na otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ mba ụwa na Carbon Blue Coast.
Na-akọwapụta mkpa ọ dị 1) mbọ nyocha nke mba na nke mba dị iche iche nke ikuku carbon dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, 2) kwalite usoro njikwa mpaghara na mpaghara dabere na ihe ọmụma ugbu a banyere ikuku sitere na gburugburu ebe obibi mebiri emebi na 3) nkwalite mba ụwa maka usoro ikuku carbon dị n'ụsọ osimiri. Mpempe akwụkwọ ozi a dị nkenke na-akpọ oku ka emee ngwa ngwa maka nchekwa nke ahihia oke osimiri, oke mmiri na ala ahịhịa. 

Weghachite Estuaries America: Carbon Blue Coast: Ohere ọhụrụ maka Nchekwa osimiri
Edemede a na-ekpuchi mkpa carbon-acha anụnụ anụnụ na sayensị dị n'azụ nchekwa na nhazi nke gas griin haus. Weghachite America's Estuaries na-enyocha amụma, agụmakwụkwọ, paịlị na ndị mmekọ ha na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite carbon-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

Mwepụta akụkọ, nkwupụta na nkọwa amụma

Njikọ ihu igwe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. 2010. Ngwọta Carbon Blue maka mgbanwe ihu igwe - Okwu meghere nye ndị nnọchiteanya nke COP16 site na Njikọ ihu igwe Blue.
Nkwupụta a na-enye ihe ndị bụ isi nke carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, gụnyere uru ya dị oke egwu na nnukwu ihe egwu ya. Njikọ ihu igwe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-atụ aro COP16 ka ọ mee ihe na iweghachi na ichekwa gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a dị mkpa n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi iri ise na ise bịanyere aka na ya site na mba iri na itoolu na-anọchite anya Njikọ ihu igwe Blue.

Ịkwụ ụgwọ maka Carbon Blue: Enwere ike ichekwa ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri egwu. Brian C. Murray, W. Aaron Jenkins, Samantha Sifleet, Linwood Pendleton, na Alexis Baldera. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Mahadum Duke
Edemede a na-enyocha oke, ọnọdụ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ mfu na ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ osimiri yana nchekwa carbon na gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ahụ. N'iburu n'uche ihe ndị ahụ, a na-enyocha mmetụta ego yana ego a ga-enweta site na nchekwa carbon blue n'okpuru nyocha nke ntụgharị nke mangrove gaa n'ugbo shrimp na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia.

Ndị enyi Pew. San Feliu De Guixols Nkwupụta Carbon Ocean
Ndị otu Pew iri abụọ na itoolu nọ na nchekwa na ndị ndụmọdụ mmiri, ọnụ sitere na mba iri na abụọ bịanyere aka na ndụmọdụ nye ndị na-eme amụma ka (1) Gụnye nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri na mweghachi na atụmatụ maka mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe. (2) Nchọpụta ezubere iche maka ego iji kwalite nghọta anyị gbasara ntinye aka na gburugburu oke osimiri na nke mepere emepe na okirikiri carbon yana iwepụ carbon nke ọma na ikuku.

United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). Oke osimiri ahụike nwere igodo ọhụrụ iji lụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ
Akuko a na-adụ ọdụ na ahihia mmiri na mmiri nnu bụ ụzọ kachasị dị irè maka nchekwa na ijide carbon. A chọrọ ihe ngwa ngwa iji weghachi ikuku carbon ebe ọ bụ na a na-efunahụ ha n'ogo ugboro asaa karịa afọ 50 gara aga.

Ụbọchị Osimiri Cancun: Ihe dị mkpa na ndụ, dị mkpa maka ihu igwe na ogbako nke iri na isii nke ndị otu na United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Disemba 4, 2010
Nkwupụta a bụ nchịkọta nke ihe akaebe sayensị na-eto eto na ihu igwe na oke osimiri; oké osimiri na ụsọ oké osimiri okirikiri carbon; mgbanwe ihu igwe na ụdị mmiri dị iche iche; mmegharị nke osimiri; ego mgbanwe ihu igwe maka ọnụ ahịa na ọnụ ọgụgụ agwaetiti; na agbakwunyere atụmatụ. O mechiri site na atụmatụ ime ihe nwere isi ise maka UNFCCC COP 16 wee gaa n'ihu.

Reports

Ihe ngosi Florida Roundtable na Oke Acidification: Akụkọ Nzukọ. Ụlọ nyocha Mote Marine, Sarasota, FL Septemba 2, 2015
Na Septemba 2015, Ocean Conservancy na Mote Marine Laboratory jikọtara ọnụ iji kwadoo okirikiri na oke acidification na Florida nke e mere iji mee ka mkparịta ụka ọha na eze gbasaa gbasara OA na Florida. Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke Seagrass na-arụ nnukwu ọrụ na Florida na akụkọ ahụ na-atụ aro nchebe na mweghachi nke ahịhịa ahịhịa maka 1) ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi 2) dịka akụkụ nke pọtụfoliyo nke ihe omume na-eme ka mpaghara ahụ belata mmetụta nke acidification oké osimiri.

Akụkọ CDP 2015 v.1.3; Septemba 2015. Ịtinye ọnụ ahịa n'ihe ize ndụ: Ọnụ ahịa carbon na ụwa ụlọ ọrụ
Akụkọ a na-enyocha ihe karịrị otu puku ụlọ ọrụ n'ụwa niile na-ebipụta ọnụ ahịa ha na ikuku carbon ma ọ bụ na-eme atụmatụ ime n'ime afọ abụọ na-abịa.

Chan, F., et al. 2016. The West Coast Ocean Acidification na Hypoxia Science Panel: Isi Nchọpụta, Aro, na Omume. Ụlọ ọrụ California Ocean Science Trust.
Otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mmadụ 20 na-adọ aka ná ntị na mmụba nke ikuku carbon dioxide zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị n'Ebe Ugwu America West Coast na-eme ngwa ngwa. West Coast OA na Hypoxia Panel na-atụ aro ka ị nyocha ụzọ ndị gụnyere iji ahịhịa ahịhịa wepụ carbon dioxide site na mmiri mmiri dị ka ihe ngwọta bụ isi nye OA n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ. Chọta akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe a.

2008. Uru akụ na ụba nke Coral Reefs, Mangroves, na Seagrasses: Nchịkọta zuru ụwa ọnụ. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.

Akwụkwọ nta a na-achịkọta nsonaazụ dị iche iche nke ọmụmụ nyocha akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe okpomọkụ na oke osimiri na gburugburu ụwa. Mgbe e bipụtara ya n'afọ 2008, akwụkwọ a ka na-enye nduzi bara uru maka uru nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, karịsịa n'ihe gbasara ikike ịnweta carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.

Crooks, S., Rybczyk, J., O'Connell, K., Devier, DL, Poppe, K., Emmett-Mattox, S. 2014. Ntụle ohere ohere nke Coastal Blue Carbon maka Snohomish Estuary: Uru ihu igwe nke mweghachi ụlọ akwụkwọ . Akuko sitere na Environmental Science Associates, Mahadum Western Washington, EarthCorps, na Weghachite Estuaries America. Febụwarị 2014. 
Akụkọ a bụ nzaghachi maka oke mmiri na-ebelata ngwa ngwa site na mmetụta mmadụ. Edepụtara ihe omume iji mee ka ndị na-eme iwu mara ọkwa nke ikuku GHG na mwepụ nke metụtara njikwa nke ala dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'okpuru ọnọdụ mgbanwe ihu igwe; ma chọpụta mkpa ozi maka nyocha sayensị n'ọdịnihu iji kwalite ọnụọgụ GHG na njikwa ala mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

Emmett-Mattox, S., Crooks, S. Coastal Blue Carbon dị ka ihe mkpali maka Nchekwa osimiri, mweghachi na njikwa: Nlebanya maka nhọrọ nghọta.
Akwụkwọ a ga-enyere aka duzie ndị na-ahụ maka ụsọ oké osimiri na ndị na-ahụ maka ala n'ịghọta ụzọ ichekwa na iweghachi carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere ike isi nyere aka nweta ebumnuche njikwa osimiri. Ọ gụnyere ntụle aka nke ihe ndị dị mkpa n'ime mkpebi a wee kọwapụta usoro na-esote maka ịmepụta atụmatụ carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.

Gordon, D., Murray, B., Pendleton, L., Victor, B. 2011. Nhọrọ ego maka ohere Carbon Blue na nkuzi sitere na Ahụmahụ REDD+. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions Report. Mahadum Duke.

Akụkọ a na-enyocha nhọrọ dị ugbu a yana enwere ike maka ịkwụ ụgwọ mbelata carbon dị ka isi iyi nke ego carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ọ na-enyocha n'ụzọ doro anya ego nke REDD+ (Mbelata ihe ọkụkụ sitere na igbutu ọhịa na mbibi ọhịa) dị ka ihe nlereanya ma ọ bụ isi iyi nke isi na-ewepụta ego ego carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Akụkọ a na-enyere ndị na-eme ihe aka aka nyochaa oghere ego na ego carbon na kpọmkwem akụrụngwa na mmemme ndị ahụ ga-enye uru carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. 

Herr, D., Pidgeon, E., Laffoley, D. (eds.) (2012) Blue Carbon Policy Framework 2.0: Dabere na mkparịta ụka nke International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group. IUCN na Conservation International.
Ntụleghachi sitere na International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group Working Group mere na Julaị 2011. Akwụkwọ a na-enye aka maka ndị chọrọ ịkọwa nkọwa zuru oke na nke sara mbara nke carbon blue na ikike ya na ọrụ ya na amụma.

Herr, D., E. Trines, J. Howard, M. Silvius na E. Pidgeon (2014). Debe ya ka ọ dị ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nnu. Ntuziaka mmeghe maka ịkwado mmemme na ọrụ carbon carbon wetland. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, CI na WI. iv + 46 pp.
Ala mmiri mmiri bụ isi ihe na-ebelata carbon na enwere ọtụtụ usoro ego ihu igwe iji lebara isiokwu ahụ anya. Enwere ike ịkwado ọrụ carbon carbon Wetland site na ahịa carbon nke afọ ofufo ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ ego nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche.

Howard, J., Hoyt, S., Isensee, K., Pidgeon, E., Telszewski, M. (eds.) (2014). Carbon Blue Coastal: Ụzọ a ga-esi enyocha ebuka carbon na ihe ndị na-epupụta n'ime mangroves, mmiri mmiri nnu na mmiri, na ahịhịa ahịhịa. Conservation International, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission nke UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature. Arlington, Virginia, Njikota Obodo Amerika.
Akuko a na-enyocha usoro maka inyocha oke carbon na ihe na-ekupụta n'ime mangroves, mmiri mmiri nnu na mmiri ahịhịa. Na-ekpuchi otu esi amata ikuku carbon dioxide, njikwa data na nkewa.

Kollmuss, Anja; Zink; Helge; Ma ọ bụ Polycarp. Maachị 2008. Ime uche nke ahịa Carbon afọ ofufo: Ntụnyere ụkpụrụ nkwụghachi nke carbon.
Akuko a na-enyocha ahịa mbelata carbon, gụnyere azụmahịa yana ahịa afọ ofufo megidere nnabata. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na ntule nke isi ihe nke ụkpụrụ nkwụghachi.

Laffoley, D. A. & Grimsditch, G. (eds). 2009. Nlekọta nke ikuku carbon ikuku mmiri. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 53 pp
Akwụkwọ a na-enye nkọwapụta nke ọma ma dị mfe maka ikuku carbon dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. E bipụtara ya dị ka ihe enyemaka ọ bụghị nanị iji kọwaa uru nke gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, kamakwa iji gosi mkpa ọ dị maka njikwa dị irè na nke kwesịrị ekwesị iji dobe carbon ahụ na-agbaze n'ime ala.

Laffoley, D., Baxter, JM, Thevenon, F. na Oliver, J. (ndị ndezi). 2014. Ihe dị mkpa na njikwa nke ụlọ ahịa Carbon eke na-emeghe n'oké osimiri. Akụkọ zuru oke. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 124 pp.Akwụkwọ a bipụtara 5 afọ mgbe e mesịrị site otu ìgwè dị ka Ọmụmụ IUCN, Nlekọta nke ikuku carbon dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-agabiga gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ma na-eleba anya uru nke carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na oké osimiri.

Lutz SJ, Martin AH. 2014. Carbon Azụ: Ịchọgharị Ọrụ Carbon Vertebrate Mmiri. GRID-Arendal, Arendal, Norway bipụtara.
Akuko a gosiputara usoro ndu asatọ nke vertebrates mmiri nke na-enyere aka ijide carbon ikuku ma weta ihe nwere ike imegide acidification nke oke osimiri. E bipụtara ya na nzaghachi oku nke United Nations maka ngwọta ọhụrụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Murray, B., Pendleton L., Jenkins, W. na Sifleet, S. 2011. Ụgwọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ maka ihe mkpali akụ na ụba Carbon Blue maka ichekwa ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri egwu. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions Report.
Akuko a bu n'obi ijikọ uru ego nke carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na mkpali akụ na ụba siri ike zuru oke iji belata ọnụego mfu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugbu a. Ọ chọpụtara na n'ihi na gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-echekwa nnukwu carbon ma na-atụ egwu mmepe nke oke osimiri, ha nwere ike bụrụ ebumnuche kacha mma maka inye ego carbon - yiri REDD +.

Nellemann, C., Corcoran, E., Duarte, CM, Valdés, L., De Young, C., Fonseca, L., Grimsditch, G. (Eds). 2009. Carbon Blue. Ntụle nzaghachi ngwa ngwa. Mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi nke United Nations, GRID-Arendal, www.grida.no
Akuko nyocha nzaghachi ngwa ngwa ọhụrụ ewepụtara 14 October 2009 na Diversitas Conference, Cape Town Conference Center, South Africa. Ndị ọkachamara na GRID-Arendal na UNEP jikọtara ya na UN Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) na UNESCO International Oceanographic Commissions na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, akụkọ ahụ gosipụtara ọrụ dị oke egwu nke oke osimiri na gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'oké osimiri n'ịkwado ihu igwe anyị na inye aka. Ndị na-eme amụma iji megharịa atụmatụ oke osimiri n'ime atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mba na nke mba ụwa. Chọta ụdị akwụkwọ e-akwụkwọ mmekọrịta ebe a.

Pidgeon E. Carbon sequestration site na ebe obibi mmiri dị n'ụsọ osimiri: sọks dị mkpa na-efu efu. Na: Laffoley DdA, Grimsditch G., ndị ndezi. Nlekọta nke ikuku carbon dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN; 2009. peeji 47–51 .
Akụkọ a bụ akụkụ nke n'elu Laffoley, et al. IUCN 2009 mbipụta. Ọ na-enye nhụsianya mkpa ọ dị n'oké osimiri carbon sinks ma na-agụnye eserese na-enye aka na-atụnyere ụdị dị iche iche nke ikuku carbon siks na mmiri. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama dị n'etiti mmiri mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ebe obibi terrestrial bụ ikike nke ebe obibi mmiri na-eme ka carbon sequestration ogologo oge.

Akwụkwọ edemede

Ezcurra, P., Ezcurra, E., Garcillán, P., Costa, M., na Aburto-Oropeza, O. 2016. "Ụdị ala dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na nchịkọta nke mangrove peat na-abawanye carbon sequestration na nchekwa" Usoro nke National Academy of Sciences nke United States of America.
Ọmụmụ ihe a na-achọpụta na mangroves dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Mexico, na-erughị 1% nke mbara ala, ma na-echekwa ihe dịka 28% nke ngụkọta n'okpuru ala ọdọ mmiri carbon nke mpaghara dum. N'agbanyeghị na ha pere mpe, mangroves na sedimenti organic ha na-anọchi anya enweghị oke n'ichepụta carbon zuru ụwa ọnụ yana nchekwa carbon.

Fourqurean, J. et al 2012. Seagrass gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ngwaahịa carbon zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ọdịdị Geoscience 5, 505–509.
Ọmụmụ ihe a na-ekwusi ike na ahịhịa ahịhịa, ugbu a bụ otu n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị egwu n'ụwa, bụ ihe ngwọta dị oke mkpa maka mgbanwe ihu igwe site na ikike nchekwa carbon ya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.

Greiner JT, McGlathery KJ, Gunnell J, McKee BA (2013) Mweghachi nke Seagrass na-eme ka nhazi nke "Carbon Blue" na mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. PLoS ONE 8 (8): e72469. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072469
Nke a bụ otu n'ime ọmụmụ ihe mbụ iji nye ihe akaebe doro anya maka ikike mweghachi ebe obibi ahịhịa dị n'oké osimiri iji welie ikuku carbon na mpaghara oke osimiri. Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-akụ ahịhịa ahịhịa n'ezie ma mụọ uto ya na nhazi ya n'ime ogologo oge.

Martin, S., et al. Echiche ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi maka Oceanic Eastern Tropical Pacific: Azụ Azụ Azụmahịa, Nchekwa Carbon, Azụ Atụrụ Ntụrụndụ, na ụdị dị iche iche.
N'ihu. Mar. Sci., 27 April 2016
Mbipụta na carbon azụ na ụkpụrụ oke osimiri ndị ọzọ nke na-eme atụmatụ uru mbupụ carbon na oke osimiri miri emi maka oke osimiri Eastern Tropical Pacific ga-abụ ijeri $ 12.9 kwa afọ, n'agbanyeghị geophysical na nke ndu nke carbon na nchekwa carbon na ọnụ ọgụgụ anụmanụ mmiri.

McNeil, Mpụtara nke oke osimiri CO2 sink maka akaụntụ carbon mba. Nhazi Carbon na njikwa, 2006. I:5, doi:10.1186/1750-0680-I-5
N'okpuru nkwekọrịta United Nations na iwu nke oke osimiri (1982), obodo ọ bụla na-ekere òkè na-ejigide ikike akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ iche n'ime mpaghara oké osimiri na-agbatị 200 nm site n'ụsọ oké osimiri ya, nke a maara dị ka Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Akuko a na-enyocha na ekwughị EEZ n'ime Protocol Kyoto iji lebara nchekwa na nnabata CO2 anthropogenic anya.

Pendleton L, Donato DC, Murray BC, Crooks S, Jenkins WA, et al. 2012. Na-eme atụmatụ nhịahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ''Blue Carbon'' sitere na ngbanwe na mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi ahịhịa ahịhịa. PLoS ONE 7 (9): e43542. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043542
Ọmụmụ ihe a na-abịaru nso nleba anya nke carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ site na "uru furu efu", na-ekwu maka mmetụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-eme ka ọ bụrụ atụmatụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke a na-ewepụta kwa afọ n'ihi mbibi nke ebe obibi.

Rehdanza, Katrin; Jung, Martina; Tola, Richard SJ; na Wetzelf, Patrick. Osimiri Carbon Sinks na amụma ihu igwe mba ụwa. 
A gwaghị mmiri mmiri dị n'oké osimiri na Protocol Kyoto n'agbanyeghị na a chọpụtabeghị ya na nke a na-ejighị n'aka dị ka mmiri mmiri nke ụwa n'oge mkparịta ụka. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-eji ihe atụ nke ahịa mba ụwa maka ikuku carbon dioxide iji nyochaa onye ga-enweta ma ọ bụ tụfuo site na ikwe ka ikuku carbon dị n'oké osimiri.

Sabine, CL et al. 2004. The oké osimiri sink maka anthropogenic CO2. Sayensị 305: 367-371
Ọmụmụ ihe a na-enyocha oke osimiri na-enweta carbon dioxide anthropogenic kemgbe mgbanwe mgbanwe mmepụta ihe, wee kwubie na oke osimiri bụ ikuku carbon kacha ukwuu n'ụwa. Ọ na-ewepu 20-35% ikuku ikuku carbon.

Spalding, MJ (2015). Nsogbu maka ọdọ mmiri Sherman - yana oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ. The Environmental Forum. 32 (2), 38-43 .
Edemede a na-eme ka ịdị njọ nke OA pụta ìhè, mmetụta ọ na-enwe na webụ nri na isi mmalite protein mmadụ, yana eziokwu na ọ bụ nsogbu dị ugbu a na nke a na-ahụ anya. Onye edemede ahụ, Mark Spalding, kwụsịrị na ndepụta nke obere usoro ndị a ga-eme iji nyere aka ịlụso OA ọgụ - gụnyere nhọrọ iji gbanyụọ ikuku carbon n'oké osimiri n'ụdị carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.

Camp, E. et al. (2016, Eprel 21). Ihe ndina Mangrove na Seagrass na-enye ọrụ biochemical dị iche iche maka Coral nke Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eyi egwu. Oke na Sayensị Marine. Ewepụtara na https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2016.00052/full.
Ọmụmụ ihe a na-enyocha ma ọ bụrụ na ahịhịa ahịhịa na mangroves nwere ike ime dị ka mgbanaka nwere ike ibu amụma mgbanwe ihu igwe site na ịnọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ kemịkalụ dị mma ma na-enyocha ma ọ bụrụ na arụ ọrụ metabolic nke coral dị mkpa na-ewu mmiri na-adịgide.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ

The Ocean Foundation (2021). "Ịkwalite ihe ngwọta dabere na okike iji kwalite nkwụsi ike ihu igwe na Puerto Rico." Okwu pụrụ iche nke magazin Eco na-ebili n'oké osimiri.
Ọrụ Initiative Blue Resilience Initiative nke Ocean Foundation na Jobos Bay gụnyere imepe atụmatụ mweghachi nke ahịhịa ahịhịa na mangrove pilot maka Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (JBNERR).

Luchessa, Scott (2010) Dị Njikere, Tọọ, Dechapụ, Gaa!: Iji Okike Wetland, Mweghachi, na Nchekwa maka Mmepe Carbon Offsets.
Ala mmiri nwere ike ịbụ isi mmalite na imi nke ikuku griin haus, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-enyocha ndabere sayensị maka ihe a yana atụmatụ mba ụwa, mba na mpaghara iji gboo uru ala mmiri.

Mahadum steeti San Francisco (2011, Ọktoba 13). Achọpụtara ọrụ mgbanwe Plankton na nchekwa ikuku carbon dị omimi. Sayensị kwa ụbọchị. eweghachite October 14, 2011, site na http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111013162934.htm
Mgbanwe nke ihu igwe na-ebute site na isi mmalite nitrogen na ọkwa carbon dioxide dị n'ime mmiri mmiri nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ọnụ iji mee ka Emilinia huxleyi (plankton) bụrụ ihe na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke nchekwa carbon n'ime ikuku carbon kacha ukwuu n'ụwa, oke osimiri. Mgbanwe na nnukwu ikuku carbon a yana ọkwa carbon dioxide nke ikuku ikuku nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ihu igwe n'ọdịnihu na ihu igwe nke ụwa n'ọdịnihu. 

Wilmers, Christopher C; Estes, James A; Edwards, Matiu; Laidre, Kristin L; na Konar, Brenda. Okpokoro trophic ọ na-emetụta nchekwa na mgbanwe nke carbon ikuku? Nyocha nke oké osimiri otters na kelp ọhịa. Front Ecol Environ 2012; doi:10.1890/110176
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chịkọtara data site na afọ 40 gara aga iji tụọ mmetụta na-apụtaghị ìhè nke ndị otter oké osimiri na mmepụta carbon na ohere nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi na North America. Ha kwubiri na ndị otter mmiri na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na ihe ndị dị na okirikiri carbon nke nwere ike imetụta ọnụego nke ikuku carbon.

Nnụnụ, Winfred. "Arụmọrụ Wetland Africa: mmeri maka ihu igwe na ndị mmadụ?" Yale Environment 360. Np, 3 Nov. 2016.
Na Senegal na mba ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe, ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche na-etinye ego na mmemme iji weghachi ọhịa mangrove na ala mmiri ndị ọzọ na-emebi carbon. Mana ndị nkatọ na-ekwu na atụmatụ ndị a ekwesịghị ilekwasị anya n'ebumnobi ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na-emebi ihe ndị bi n'ime obodo.

n'ihu

Weghachite Estuaries America: Carbon Blue Coast: Ohere ọhụrụ maka nchekwa ala mmiri
Ngosipụta Powerpoint nke na-enyocha mkpa carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na sayensị dị n'azụ nchekwa, sequestration na gas griin haus. Weghachite America's Estuaries na-enyocha amụma, agụmakwụkwọ, akụkụ na ndị mmekọ ha na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite carbon-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

Poop, Mkpọrọgwụ na Ọnwụ: Akụkọ nke Carbon Blue
Ngosipụta nke Mark Spalding, Onye isi oche nke The Ocean Foundation nyere, nke na-akọwa carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, ụdị nchekwa nchekwa osimiri, usoro ịgba ígwè na ọnọdụ nke amụma gbasara okwu ahụ. Pịa njikọ dị n'elu maka ụdị PDF ma ọ bụ lelee nke dị n'okpuru.

Ihe Ị Pụrụ Ime

jiri anyị SeaGrass tolite Carbon Calculator iji gbakọọ ikuku carbon gị wee nye onyinye iji mebie mmetụta gị na carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ! The Ocean Foundation mepụtara ihe mgbako iji nyere onye ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ aka gbakọọ ikuku CO2 ya kwa afọ ka, n'aka nke ya, chọpụta ego carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ dị mkpa iji mebie ha (acres nke ahịhịa mmiri ka eweghachite ma ọ bụ ihe nhata). Enwere ike iji ego enwetara site na usoro kredit carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ iji kwado mbọ mweghachi, nke n'aka nke ya na-ewepụtakwu kredit. Mmemme ndị dị otú ahụ na-enye ohere maka mmeri abụọ: ịmepụta ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke usoro ihe omume CO2 na-emepụta ihe na, nke abụọ, mweghachi nke ahịhịa ahịhịa nke na-etolite akụkụ dị mkpa nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ma na-achọ mgbake.

LAghachi azụ nyocha