2017 Boyd N. Lyon Sea Turtle Fund Wolandira

Bungwe la Boyd N. Lyon Sea Turtle Fund linapangidwa pokumbukira Boyd N. Lyon ndipo limapereka maphunziro a pachaka kwa wophunzira wina wa sayansi ya zamoyo zam'madzi amene kafukufuku wake amayang'ana pa akamba am'nyanja. Thumbali linapangidwa ndi mabanja ndi okondedwa awo mogwirizana ndi The Ocean Foundation kuti apereke chithandizo kuzinthu zomwe zimakulitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu za khalidwe la kamba wa m'nyanja, zosowa za malo, kuchuluka, kugawa kwa malo ndi kwakanthawi, chitetezo cha kafukufuku wosambira, pakati pa ena. Boyd anali kugwira ntchito pa digiri ya maphunziro a Biology pa yunivesite ya Central Florida ndi kuchita kafukufuku pa UCF Marine Turtle Research Institute ku Melbourne Beach pamene iye anamwalira momvetsa chisoni akuchita zimene ankakonda kwambiri kuchita, kuyesera kuti agwire akamba m'nyanja zovuta. Ophunzira ambiri amafunsira maphunzirowa chaka chilichonse, koma wolandirayo ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi chenicheni ndi akamba am'nyanja monga Boyd's.

Wolandira chaka chino wa Boyd N. Lyon Sea Turtle Fund Scholarship ndi Juan Manuel Rodriquez-Baron. Juan pakali pano akuchita PhD yake ku University of North Carolina, Wilmington. Dongosolo lomwe a Juan apereka likukhudza kuwunika kwa Bycatch ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi kwa akamba a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya East Pacific atatulutsidwa m'malo odyetserako chakudya kumadera aku Central ndi South America. Werengani dongosolo lake lonse pansipa:

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1. Mbiri ya funso lofufuza 
Kamba wa ku East Pacific (EP) leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) amachokera ku Mexico kupita ku Chile, komwe kuli magombe akuluakulu odyetserako zisa ku Mexico ndi Costa Rica (Santidrián Tomillo et al. 2007; Sarti Martínez et al. 2007) komanso malo odyetserako zakudya m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Central ndi South America (Shillinger et al. 2008, 2011; Bailey et al. 2012). Kamba wa EP leatherback amalembedwa ndi IUCN kuti Ali Pangozi Moopsa, ndipo kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha akazi ogona pamphepete mwa nyanja zazikuluzikulu za zisa zalembedwa.http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/46967807/0). Akuti pakadali pano pali akamba aakazi achikulire a EP osakwana 1000. Kugwidwa mosayembekezeka kwa akamba aakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa EP ndi asodzi omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo odyetserako nyama zamtunduwu ndizodetsa nkhawa kwambiri, chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwakukulu komwe magawo amoyowa amakhala nawo pakusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu (Alfaro-Shigueto et al. 2007, 2011; Wallace et al. al. 2008). Zotsatira za kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi madoko omwe amayendetsedwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku South America zikuwonetsa kuti pakati pa 1000 ndi 2000 EP akamba aatherback amagwidwa m'madera ang'onoang'ono asodzi pachaka, ndipo pafupifupi 30% - 50% ya akamba ogwidwa amafa (NFWF ndi IUCN / SSC Gulu la Akatswiri a Kamba Wam'madzi). NOAA yatchula kamba ka chikopa cha ku Pacific ngati imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya “Species in the Spotlight”, ndipo yasankha kuchepetsa kupha nsomba ngati imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakusamalira zamoyozi. Mu Marichi 2012, Gulu Logwira Ntchito la Katswiri linasonkhanitsidwa kuti lipange Regional Action Plan kuti liyimitse ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kamba wa EP leatherback. Regional Action Plan ikugogomezera kufunikira kozindikira madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chambiri, ndipo imalimbikitsa makamaka kukulitsa kuwunika kwa akamba am'madzi am'madzi kuti aphatikizepo Panama ndi Colombia. Komanso, bungwe la Regional Action Plan limavomereza kuti kufa chifukwa cha kusodza kwapamadzi kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu ku EP leatherback turtle recovery, ndipo likunena kuti kumvetsetsa bwino za ziwopsezo za kufa pambuyo pa kuphatikizika ndikofunikira kuti kuunikeni bwino kwa zotsatira zenizeni za kusodza kwa nsomba. mtundu uwu.

2. Zolinga 
2.1. Kudziwitsa za zombo zomwe zikulumikizana ndi leatherbacks komanso nyengo ndi madera omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri pazolumikizana; Komanso, kuchita zokambirana ndi asodzi kuti agawane zotsatira za kafukufuku, kulimbikitsa njira zabwino zogwirira ndi kumasula akamba ogwidwa, ndi kulimbikitsa maubwenzi ogwirizana kuti atsogolere maphunziro amtsogolo.

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2.2. yeretsani kuyerekezera kwa kufa kwa kamba wa leatherback chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa usodzi, ndikulemba zolemba za akamba a leatherback ku East Pacific komwe amadyerako chakudya kuti awone malo omwe atha kukhala komwe asodzi angakumane nawo.
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2.3. Gwirizanani ndi zoyeserera za m'chigawo chonse (LaudOPO, NFWF) ndi NOAA kuti muzindikire akamba amtundu wa leatherback muusodzi ku Central ndi South America ndikudziwitsani zomwe oyang'anira akusankha paza zolinga zochepetsera ziwopsezo.
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3. Njira
3.1. Gawo loyamba (lili mkati) Tidachita kafukufuku wofananira ndi anthu ogwidwa ndi nsomba pamadoko atatu ku Colombia (Buenaventura, Tumaco, ndi Bahía Solano) ndi madoko asanu ndi awiri ku Panama (Vacamonte, Pedregal, Remedios, Muelle Fiscal, Coquira, Juan Diaz ndi Mutis). Kusankhidwa kwa madoko oyang'anira kafukufuku kudatengera zomwe boma lidanena zokhudza zombo zazikulu za usodzi zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'madzi aku Colombia ndi Panamani. Kuphatikiza apo, zambiri zomwe zombo zapamadzi zikulumikizana ndi zikopa komanso zoyambira zolumikizirana (kudzera mayunitsi a GPS operekedwa kwa asodzi omwe akufuna kutenga nawo gawo). Deta iyi itithandiza kuwunika ma zombo kuti tigwire nawo ntchito kuti tipeze zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuyanjana. Pochita zokambirana zapadziko lonse mu June wa 2017, tikupempha kuti tipereke maphunziro ndi zida zolimbikitsira nsomba zomwe zidzawonjezere mwayi wopulumuka pambuyo pa kumasulidwa kwa akamba ogwidwa ndi nsomba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi pelagic m'mayiko onsewa.
3.2. Gawo lachiwiri Titumiza ma satellite transmitters ndikuchita kafukufuku waumoyo ndi akamba aatherback omwe agwidwa ku Colombian ndi Panamanian usodzi wamaline/gillnet. Tidzagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi asayansi aboma ochokera ku Colombian ndi Panamanian National Fisheries Service (AUNAP ndi ARAP) ndi asodzi omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chopha nsomba, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi kafukufuku wotengera madoko. Kuwunika zaumoyo ndi zolumikizira zotumizira zidzachitika, malinga ndi ndondomeko zofalitsidwa (Harris et al. 2011; Casey et al. 2014), ndi akamba aatherback omwe agwidwa panthawi ya ntchito yopha nsomba. Zitsanzo zamagazi zidzawunikidwa pazosintha zinazake pachombocho ndi chowunikira chowunikira, ndipo gawo laling'ono lamagazi lidzawumitsidwa kuti liwunikenso pambuyo pake. Ma tag a PAT adzakonzedwa kuti atuluke pamalo olumikizidwa ndi carapacial pansi pazifukwa zomwe zikuwonetsa kufa (ie kuya> 1200m kapena kuya kosalekeza kwa maola 24) kapena pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Tidzagwiritsa ntchito njira yachitsanzo yoyenera deta yosonkhanitsidwa kuti tifananize mawonekedwe a thupi la opulumuka, imfa, ndi akamba athanzi omwe amagwidwa panyanja kuti afufuze zasayansi. Mayendedwe akadzatulutsidwa adzawunikidwa ndipo mayendedwe a malo ndi kwakanthawi pakugwiritsa ntchito malo azifufuzidwa. 6. Zotsatira zoyembekezeka, momwe zotsatirazo zidzafalitsidwire Tidzagwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku ndi ziwerengero za boma za kukula ndi khama la zombo zausodzi kuti tiyerekeze kuchuluka kwa zochitika za akamba a leatherback zomwe zimachitika chaka chilichonse m'masodzi ang'onoang'ono ndi mafakitale. Kuyerekeza kupha akamba am'mbuyo pakati pa usodzi kudzatithandiza kuzindikira ziwopsezo zoyambilira ndi mwayi wochepetsera nsomba zam'derali. Kuphatikizika kwa chidziwitso chamthupi ndi zomwe zachitika pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kudzakulitsa luso lathu loyesa kufa chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa usodzi. Kutsata satellite kwa akamba a chikopa omwe adatulutsidwa kudzathandiziranso cholinga cha Regional Action Plan chozindikiritsa momwe malo amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kuthekera kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono kwaakamba aatherback ndi ntchito zausodzi ku East Pacific.