Chikumbutso cha 3rd cha BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Wolemba Cynthia Sarthou, Executive Director, Gulf Restoration Network ndi
Bethany Kraft, Mtsogoleri, Gulf Restoration Program, Ocean Conservancy

Tsoka lakuwonongeka kwamafuta a BP Deepwater Horizon lakhudza kwambiri magawo ena a chilengedwe cha Gulf pamodzi ndi zachuma komanso madera amderalo. Kuwonongeka kumeneku, komabe, kunachitika motsutsana ndi zovuta zomwe zakhala zaka makumi ambiri kuyambira kutayika ndi kuwonongeka kwa madambo ndi zisumbu zotchinga m'mphepete mwa nyanja mpaka kupanga "magawo akufa" ku Northern Gulf mpaka kusodza mochulukira ndi kusodza kotayika, osatchulanso kuwonongeka kuchokera mphepo yamkuntho yoopsa komanso yowonjezereka. Tsoka la BP lidayambitsa kuyitanidwa kwa dziko kuti achitepo kanthu kuti apitirire kupitilira zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha kuphulikako ndikuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwanthawi yayitali komwe dera lakumana nalo.

Barataria Bay, LA

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto ambiri omwe akukumana nawo m'derali, chilengedwe cha Gulf chikupitirizabe kukhala malo ochuluka kwambiri, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati injini yachuma m'dziko lonselo. GDP ya mayiko 5 a Gulf kuphatikiza ingakhale chuma chachisanu ndi chiwiri padziko lonse lapansi, kubwera pa $ 7 thililiyoni pachaka. Zoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimagwidwa m'madera otsika 2.3 zimachokera ku Gulf. Derali ndi malo opangira mphamvu komanso nkhokwe zamtundu uliwonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dziko lonse lili ndi gawo pakubwezeretsa derali.

Pamene tikudutsa chikumbutso cha zaka zitatu cha kuphulika kumene kunapha amuna a 11, BP idakalipobe kuti ikwaniritse cholinga chake chobwezeretsa chilengedwe cha Gulf ku thanzi labwino. Pamene tikugwira ntchito kuti tibwezeretsedwe kwathunthu, tiyenera kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwanthawi yayitali m'magawo atatu ofunika: madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, madzi a buluu ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kulumikizana kwa zinthu za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyanja za Gulf, kuphatikizidwa ndi mfundo yoti zovuta zachilengedwe zimalumikizidwa ndi zochitika zapamtunda ndi zam'nyanja, zimayendetsa njira yoyendetsera bwino zachilengedwe komanso malo oyenera kukonzanso.

Kufotokozera mwachidule zotsatira za tsoka la mafuta a BP

Elmer's Island, LA

Tsoka la BP ndiye chipongwe chachikulu pazachuma za Gulf. Mamiliyoni a magaloni amafuta ndi otaya mafuta adatayidwa ku Gulf panthawi ya tsokalo. Malo opitirira maekala chikwi chimodzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja anali oipitsidwa. Masiku ano, mafuta akupitirizabe kusungunuka pamtunda wa maekala mazana ambiri kuchokera ku Louisiana mpaka ku Florida.

Zomwe zilipo zasayansi zikuwonetsa kuti Gulf yakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tsokali. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira Novembala 2010 mpaka pa Marichi 24, 2013, akamba 669, makamaka ma dolphin, akhala akusokonekera - 104 kuyambira Januware 1, 2013. Kuyambira Novembala 2010 mpaka Febuluwale 2011, akamba 1146, 609 mwa iwo omwe adafa, osokonekera kawiri- mitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa Red Snapper, nsomba yofunika kwambiri yosangalatsa komanso yamalonda, imakhala ndi zotupa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, Gulf killifish (aka cocahoe minnow) ili ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphuno ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yakubala, ndipo ma corals amadzi akuya amawonongeka kapena kufa - zonse zimagwirizana ndi kutsika. kuwonetseredwa kwapoizoni.

Pambuyo pa ngoziyi, mamembala a gulu la NGO la Gulf, omwe akuimira mabungwe oposa 50 asodzi, ammudzi ndi oteteza zachilengedwe, adasonkhana kuti apange mgwirizano wosagwirizana wotchedwa "Gulf Future." Coalition idakhazikitsa Masabata Bay Mfundo za Gulf Recovery, ndi the Gulf Future Unified Action Plan for Healthy Gulf. Mfundo zonse ziwiri ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito zimayang'ana mbali zinayi za: (4) kubwezeretsanso nyanja; (1) kubwezeretsa panyanja; (2) kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu ndi kulimba mtima; ndi (3) zaumoyo wa anthu. Zodetsa nkhawa zamagulu a Gulf Future zikuphatikizapo:

• Kupanda kuwonekera posankha ntchito zobwezeretsa ndi mabungwe a State ndi Federal;
• Kukakamizidwa ndi zofuna za boma ndi zakomweko kuti awononge ndalama za RESTORE Act pa "chitukuko chachuma chachikhalidwe" (misewu, malo amisonkhano, ndi zina zotero;
• Kulephera kwa mabungwe kuti agwire ntchito ndi madera kuti apange ntchito za m'deralo kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa; ndi,
• Zochita zosakwanira kuti zitsimikizire, kupyolera mu malamulo kapena malamulo, kuti tsoka lofananalo silidzachitika m'tsogolomu.

Magulu a Gulf Future amazindikira kuti mabiliyoni a madola omwe amalipira chindapusa cha BP chomwe chikubwera kuderali kudzera mu RESTORE Act ndi mwayi umodzi wokha womanga Gulf yamphamvu komanso yolimba kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo.

Kulembera maphunziro amtsogolo

Kudutsa mu Julayi 2012, RESTORE ACT imapanga thumba la trust lomwe lidzatsogolere gawo lalikulu la Clean Water Act ndalama zolipiridwa ndi BP ndi maphwando ena omwe ali ndi udindo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kubwezeretsa chilengedwe cha Gulf. Aka kanali koyamba kuti ndalama zochuluka chonchi ziperekedwe pofuna kukonzanso chilengedwe cha ku Gulf, koma ntchitoyi ili kutali.

Ngakhale kuthetsa ndi Transocean kudzatsogolera ndalama zoyamba ku thumba lachikhulupiliro kuti libwezeretsedwe, kuyesa kwa BP kudakali ku New Orleans, popanda mapeto. Pokhapokha komanso mpaka BP itavomereza udindo wonse, chuma chathu ndi anthu omwe amadalira sadzatha kuchira. Zili kwa ife tonse kukhala akhama ndi kupitirizabe kuyesetsa kubwezeretsa chuma cha dziko.

Nkhani yotsatira: Kodi Timanyalanyaza Sayansi Yofunika Kwambiri Yokhudza Gulf Spill?