Ulendo Woweta Nsomba Wopita ku China

ndi Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti wa The Ocean Foundation

Kuyang'ana pawindo la hotelo ku Hong Kong Harbor kumapereka malingaliro omwe amatenga zaka zambiri zamalonda ndi mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera ku zinyalala zodziwika bwino zaku China zokhala ndi matanga omenyedwa kwathunthu mpaka zaposachedwa kwambiri m'sitima zazikulu, kusakhalitsa komanso kufikira kwapadziko lonse motsogozedwa ndi njira zamalonda zam'nyanja zimayimiridwa kwathunthu. Posachedwapa, ndinali ku Hong Kong ku Msonkhano wa 10th International Sustainable Seafood Summit, wochitidwa ndi SeaWeb. Pambuyo pa msonkhanowo, gulu laling’ono kwambiri linakwera basi kupita ku China kumtunda kukachita ulendo wokasamalira zamoyo zam’madzi. M'basiyo munali ena mwa anzathu omwe amapereka ndalama, oimira mafakitale a nsomba, komanso atolankhani anayi a ku China, John Sackton wa SeafoodNews.com, Bob Tkacz wa Alaska Journal of Commerce, oimira mabungwe a NGO, ndi Nora Pouillon, wophika wotchuka, wodyeramo zakudya ( Restaurant Nora), komanso woimira anthu odziwika bwino pankhani yazakudya zam'madzi. 

Monga ndinalembera mu positi yanga yoyamba za ulendo wa Hong Kong, China imapanga (ndipo nthawi zambiri, imadya) pafupifupi 30% ya zinthu zapamadzi padziko lapansi. Anthu a ku China ali ndi zochitika zambiri-zamoyo zam'madzi zakhala zikuchitika ku China kwa zaka pafupifupi 4,000. Kuweta nsomba m’madzi kunkachitika makamaka m’mbali mwa mitsinje m’zigwa za madzi osefukira kumene ulimi wa nsomba umakhala limodzi ndi mbewu zamtundu wina zomwe zikanatha kupezerapo mwayi wothira madzi mu nsombazo kuti zichuluke. China ikupita patsogolo pakukula kwa ulimi wam'madzi kuti ikwaniritse zomwe ikukulirakulira, kwinaku ikusunga zina mwachikhalidwe chawo chakunyanja. Ndipo luso lamakono ndilofunika kwambiri powonetsetsa kuti kukulitsa ulimi wa m’madzi kungathe kuchitidwa m’njira zopindulitsa pazachuma, zosamala za chilengedwe, komanso zoyenerana ndi anthu.

Malo athu oima koyamba anali Guangzhou, likulu la chigawo cha Guangdong, komwe kumakhala anthu pafupifupi 7 miliyoni. Kumeneko, tidayendera msika wa Huangsha Live Seafood womwe umadziwika kuti ndi msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wazakudya zam'madzi. Mathanki a nkhanu, magulu a nyama, ndi nyama zina ankalimbirana danga ndi ogula, ogulitsa, onyamula katundu, ndi onyamula katundu—ndipo zikwizikwi za zoziziritsa kukhosi za Styrofoam zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mobwerezabwereza pamene malondawo akusamutsidwa kumsika kupita ku tebulo ndi njinga, galimoto, kapena katundu wina. . Misewu ndi yonyowa ndi madzi otayira m'matanki ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka malo osungira, komanso ndi zakumwa zamitundumitundu zomwe munthu sakonda kukhala nazo. Magwero a nsomba zogwidwa kuthengo ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo zambiri zaulimi wa m'madzi zidachokera ku China kapena ku Asia konse. Nsombazo zimasungidwa zatsopano momwe zingathere ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti zina mwazinthuzi ndi za nyengo - koma ndizomveka kunena kuti mungapeze chilichonse pano, kuphatikizapo zamoyo zomwe simunaziwonepo.

Malo athu oimapo kachiwiri anali Zhapo Bay pafupi ndi Maoming. Tinakwera ma taxi akale kupita ku mafamu oyandama a khola oyendetsedwa ndi Yangjiang Cage Culture Association. Padokopo panali zolembera mazana asanu. Pagulu lililonse panali nyumba yaing’ono imene mlimi wa nsomba ankakhala ndipo chakudya chinali kusungidwa. Magulu ambiri analinso ndi galu wamkulu wolondera yemwe ankalondera tinjira tating'ono pakati pa zolembera. Omwe akutilandira adatiwonetsa imodzi mwa maopaleshoniwo ndipo adayankha mafunso pakupanga kwawo ng'oma yofiira, croaker yachikasu, pompano ndi gulu. Anatulutsanso ukonde wapamwamba ndikuviika mkati ndi kutipatsa pompano yamoyo pa chakudya chathu chamadzulo, atanyamula mosamala mu thumba la pulasitiki la buluu ndi madzi mkati mwa bokosi la Styrofoam. Tinanyamuka kupita nayo ku lesitilanti ya madzulo amenewo ndipo tinaikonza pamodzi ndi zakudya zina zabwinozake kuti tidye.

Malo athu oima kachitatu anali ku likulu la Guolian Zhanjiang Gulu kuti tiwonetsere makampani, nkhomaliro, ndi kuyendera malo ake opangira zinthu komanso ma lab owongolera khalidwe. Tidayenderanso malo osungiramo nsomba za Guolian komanso maiwe okulirapo. Tingonena kuti malowa anali bizinesi yaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, wamafakitale, yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kupanga msika wapadziko lonse lapansi, wodzaza ndi makonda ake a ana, ophatikizika a shrimp hatchery, maiwe, kupanga chakudya, kukonza, kafukufuku wasayansi ndi ochita nawo malonda. Tinayenera kuvala zophimba zonse, zipewa ndi zophimba nkhope, kudutsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndikutsuka tisanawone malo opangirako. Mkati mwake munali chibwano chimodzi chomwe sichinali chaukadaulo wapamwamba. Bwalo la mpira lalikulu lomwe lili ndi mizere m'mizere ya azimayi ovala masuti a hazmat, atakhala pa timiyendo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadula mitu, kusenda ndi kuchotsa shrimp. Gawo ili silinali laukadaulo wapamwamba, tinauzidwa, chifukwa palibe makina omwe angachite ntchitoyi mwachangu kapenanso
Mphotho ya Guolian (kuphatikiza njira zabwino kwambiri zochokera ku Aquaculture Certification Council) ndi amodzi mwa malo awiri okha omwe amaweta nsomba zoyera ku Pacific (prawn) ku China ndipo ndi bizinesi yokhayo yaku China yomwe imatumiza kunja (mitundu isanu ya shrimp zokulira pafamu). product) kupita ku USA. Nthawi ina mukakhala pansi pa malo odyera ku Darden (monga Red Lobster kapena Olive Garden) ndikuyitanitsa shrimp scampi, mwina imachokera ku Guolian, komwe idakulira, kukonzedwa, ndikuphika.

Paulendo wopita kumunda tinawona kuti pali njira zothetsera vuto lakukula pakukwaniritsa zosowa zama protein ndi msika. Zigawo za ntchitozi ziyenera kugwirizanitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zitheka: Kusankha mitundu yoyenera, luso lamakono ndi malo a chilengedwe; kuzindikira zosowa za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha m'deralo (chakudya ndi ntchito), ndikutsimikizira phindu lachuma. Kukwaniritsa zosowa za mphamvu, madzi, ndi zoyendera ziyeneranso kuwonetsa popanga zisankho za momwe ntchitoyi ingagwiritsire ntchito kuthandizira chitetezo cha chakudya ndikulimbikitsa thanzi lazachuma.

Ku The Ocean Foundation, takhala tikuyang'ana njira zomwe ukadaulo womwe ukubwera wopangidwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana komanso zokonda zamalonda zitha kutumizidwa kuti zipereke phindu lokhazikika, lokhazikika lazachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zimachepetsanso kukakamizidwa kwa zamoyo zakuthengo. Ku New Orleans East, ntchito yausodzi yakomweko imagwira 80% ya anthu ammudzi. Mphepo yamkuntho Katrina, kutayika kwa mafuta a BP, ndi zinthu zina zachititsa chidwi chamitundu yambiri kuti apange nsomba, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi nkhuku zomwe zimafuna malo odyera am'deralo, kupereka chitetezo chachuma, ndikuzindikira njira zomwe madzi ndi zosowa zamagetsi zingayendetsedwe. kupewa kuvulazidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Ku Baltimore, pulojekiti yofananira ili mu gawo lofufuza. Koma tidzasunga nkhani zimenezo positi ina.