Njira Yatsopano Yopita ku Nyanja

Olemba: Mark J. Spalding
Dzina Lofalitsidwa: The Environmental Magazine. Nkhani ya March/April 2011.
Tsiku Lofalitsidwa: Lachiwiri, March 1, 2011

Pa Julayi 19, 2010, Purezidenti Obama adapereka Lamulo Loyang'anira lomwe lidalankhula za kufunika kokhala ndi ulamuliro wophatikizika wapanyanja, ndipo limazindikiritsa "makonzedwe apanyanja am'madzi" (MSP) ngati njira yayikulu yopitira kumeneko. Lamuloli lidachokera ku malingaliro awiri a Interagency Task Force - ndipo kuyambira chilengezochi, mafakitale ambiri okhudzana ndi zam'madzi ndi mabungwe azachilengedwe adathamangira kumenya MSP ngati chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano yosamalira nyanja. 

Ndithudi zolinga zawo n’zowona: Zochita za anthu zawononga kwambiri nyanja zapadziko lapansi. Pali mavuto ambiri amene akufunika kuthetsedwa: kusodza mopambanitsa, kuwononga malo okhala, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, ndiponso kuchuluka kwa poizoni m’zinyama kungotchulapo zochepa chabe. Mofanana ndi mfundo zambiri zokhudza kasamalidwe ka zinthu, dongosolo lathu lolamulira panyanja silinasweka koma linagawika, linamangidwa pang'onopang'ono m'mabungwe 20, kuphatikizapo National Marine Fisheries Service, US Fish & Wildlife Service, US Environmental Protection Agency ndi akale. Minerals Management Service (yogawika m'mabungwe awiri kuyambira pomwe mafuta a BP adatayika ku Gulf of Mexico). Chimene chikusoweka ndi dongosolo lomveka bwino, dongosolo lophatikizika lopanga zisankho, masomphenya ogwirizana a ubale wathu ndi nyanja zam'nyanja tsopano komanso mtsogolo. 

Komabe, kuyimbira MSP yankho la matope osanjikizawa kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri momwe zimathetsera. MSP ndi chida chomwe chimapanga mapu a momwe timagwiritsira ntchito nyanja; kuyesa kupyolera mu mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe kuti awone momwe nyanja ikugwiritsidwira ntchito komanso malo okhala ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi iliyonse. Chiyembekezo cha MSP ndikusonkhanitsa ogwiritsa ntchito nyanja - kupewa mikangano ndikusunga zachilengedwe. Koma MSP si njira yaulamuliro. Sizimadzikhazikitsa yokha njira yodziwira ntchito yomwe imayika patsogolo zosowa za zamoyo za m'nyanja, kuphatikizapo njira zotetezeka zosamukira, chakudya, malo osungira ana kapena kusintha kusintha kwa nyanja, kutentha kapena chemistry. Sizimapanga ndondomeko ya nyanja yamchere kapena kuthetsa zotsutsana ndi mabungwe omwe amatsutsana nawo komanso zotsutsana ndi malamulo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi. Monga nyundo, MSP ndi chida chabe, ndipo chinsinsi chakugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito. 

Kuwonongeka kwamafuta a Deepwater Horizon ku Gulf of Mexico mchaka cha 2010 kuyenera kukhala koyambira pakuvomereza kuopsa kobwera chifukwa cha kusasamalira bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mopanda malire kwa nyanja yathu. Ngakhale zinali zowopsa kwambiri kuwona kuphulika koyambirira komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta akuchulukirachulukira, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti zomwe tili nazo pa Deepwater ndizomwe tidakhala nazo posachedwa kugwa kwamigodi ku West Virginia, komanso kwakukulu, ndi kulephera kwa ma levees ku New Orleans mu 2005: kulephera kukakamiza ndi kukhazikitsa zofunikira zosamalira ndi chitetezo pansi pa malamulo omwe alipo. Tili kale ndi malamulo abwino m’mabuku—sitimawatsatira. Ngakhale ndondomeko ya MSP ipanga mayankho anzeru ndi ndondomeko, zingapindule bwanji ngati sitizitsatira mwatsatanetsatane komanso mwanzeru? 

Mamapu a MSP azigwira ntchito pokhapokha atasunga zachilengedwe; wonetsani njira zachilengedwe (monga kusamuka ndi kubereka) ndikuzipereka patsogolo; kukonzekera kusuntha kwa mitundu ya m'nyanja m'madzi ofunda; phatikizani nawo mbali panjira yowonekera posankha momwe angayendetsere bwino nyanja; ndikukhazikitsa chifuniro cha ndale kuti tikhazikitse malamulo ndi malamulo athu oyendetsera nyanja. Payokha, kukonzekera kwapanyanja sikungapulumutse nsomba imodzi, whale kapena dolphin. Lingalirolo linadzozedwa chifukwa likuwoneka ngati kuchitapo kanthu ndipo likuwoneka kuti likuthetsa mikangano pakati pa ntchito zaumunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa aliyense kumva bwino, malinga ngati sitifunsa anansi athu okhala m'nyanja zomwe amaganiza. 

Mapu ndi mapu. Ndi masewera abwino owonera, koma sangalowe m'malo mwakuchitapo kanthu. Amakhalanso pachiwopsezo chachikulu choletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zovulaza ngati mabwenzi ovomerezeka a zamoyo zam'nyanja. Njira yokhayo yokhazikika komanso yokhala ndi njira zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito chida chilichonse chomwe titha kupanga, chidzatithandiza kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la m'nyanja ndikusintha momwe timayendetsera ntchito za anthu komanso ubale wathu ndi nyanja. 

MARK J. SPALDING ndi pulezidenti wa The Ocean Foundation ku Washington, DC

Onani Nkhani