Pambuyo pa Mkuntho: Kodi Chotsatira?

Wolemba Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti

Ocean Foundation Mtundu wabuloguyi udawonekera koyamba pa National Geographic's Mawonedwe a Ocean 

Sabata ina yaposachedwa, ndinapita kumpoto kuchokera ku Washington ndili ndi mantha. Linali tsiku lokongola la October ulendo wanga womaliza wopita ku Long Beach, New York, kudutsa Staten Island ndi kupitirira m’mphepete mwa Rockaways. Kenako, ndinasangalala kuona anzathu a m’gulu la Surfrider International omwe ankasonkhana pamsonkhano wawo wapachaka. Hotelo yathu ndi wochereza wathu wachisomo, Allegria, anatsegukira m’bwalo lokwererapo ndipo tinawona mazana a anthu akuthamanga, kuyenda, ndi kukwera panjinga zawo, akusangalala ndi nyanja.

Pamene msonkhano wapadziko lonse udatha, oimira mutu wa East Coast a Surfrider adasonkhana pamsonkhano wawo wapachaka kumapeto kwa sabata. Mosafunikira kunena, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku New York ndi New Jersey adayimiridwa bwino. Tonse tinasangalala ndi nthawi yodutsana kuti tidziwane ndikugawana zinthu zofanana. Ndipo, monga ndidanenera, nyengo inali yokongola ndipo mafunde anali atakwera.

Mphepo yamkuntho yotchedwa Superstorm Sandy italowa ndikuchoka patangopita milungu iwiri, anasiya gombe lomwe linawonongeka kwambiri ndipo linagwedeza anthu kwambiri. Tidayang'ana mwamantha pamene malipoti amabwera - nyumba ya mtsogoleri wa Surfrider iyi idawonongedwa (pakati pa ambiri), malo olandirira alendo ku Allegria odzaza ndi madzi ndi mchenga, ndipo mayendedwe okondedwa a Long Beach, monga ena ambiri, anali osokonekera.

Njira yonse ya kumpoto paulendo wanga waposachedwapa, panali umboni wa mphamvu za mkuntho, Sandy ndi zomwe zinatsatira nyengo yozizira iyi-mitengo yotsika, mizere ya matumba apulasitiki ogwidwa m'mitengo pamwamba pa msewu, ndi zizindikiro zosapeŵeka za m'mphepete mwa msewu zomwe zimapereka chithandizo ndi kuchepetsa nkhungu, kubwezeretsanso, inshuwaransi, ndi zina zofunika pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho. Ndinali paulendo wopita ku msonkhano womwe unachitikira ndi The Ocean Foundation ndi Surfrider Foundation yomwe inkafuna kusonkhanitsa akatswiri a federal ndi ena, atsogoleri a m'deralo, ndi ogwira ntchito ku Surfrider kuti akambirane momwe mitu ya Surfrider ingagwiritsire ntchito kuthandizira kuyesetsa kuthetsa mphepo yamkuntho. tsopano ndi m'tsogolomu m'njira zomwe zimalemekeza gombe ndi madera omwe amadalira chuma cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, zachuma, ndi zachilengedwe. Pafupifupi anthu khumi ndi awiri adadzipereka kumapeto kwa sabata kuti achite nawo msonkhanowu ndikubwereranso kukadziwitsa anzawo.

Tinasonkhananso ku Allegria, tinamva nkhani zoopsa komanso nkhani zochira.

Ndipo tinaphunzira limodzi.

▪ Kusambira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic monganso kum'mwera kwa California kapena Hawaii, komwe ndi gawo lazachuma komanso chikhalidwe.
▪ Maseŵera osambira m'derali ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri m'derali. Duke Kahanamoku wosambira wotchuka wa Olympic ndi mpainiya wosambira anadutsa pa hoteloyi mu 1918 pachiwonetsero cha mafunde osambira chomwe bungwe la Red Cross linakonza polandira kunyumba asilikali ankhondo a pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse.
▪ Mphepo yamkuntho ya Sandy inasankha opambana ndi olephera—m’madera ena anatsekeredwa ndi milulu yachilengedwe ndipo m’madera ena analephera.
▪ Ku Sandy, anthu ena anataya nyumba zawo, ambiri anataya zipinda zawo zosanjikizana, ndipo nyumba zambiri n’zovuta kukhalamo, patatha pafupifupi theka la chaka.
▪ Kuno ku Long Beach, anthu amaganiza kuti “sizidzakhalanso chimodzimodzi: Mchenga, gombe, chilichonse n’chosiyana ndipo sichingasinthidwenso mmene chinalili.”
▪ Oimira chigawo cha ku Jersey shore ananena kuti “Tinakhala akatswiri ong’amba khoma louma, kukokera pansi, ndi kukonza nkhungu.” Koma tsopano nkhungu yadutsa mulingo wamba waukatswiri.
▪ Pambuyo pa Sandy, matauni ena anatenga mchenga wa m’misewu yawo, naubwezanso pagombe. Ena adatenga nthawi kuyesa mchengawo, kusefa zinyalala mumchenga, ndipo, nthawi zina, amatsuka mchengawo kaye chifukwa zambiri zinali zoipitsidwa ndi zinyalala, petulo ndi mankhwala ena.
▪ Masefa a ku Long Beach amasefa tsiku lililonse ndi magalimoto akuluakulu akumapita mbali ina ndi mchenga wauve ndipo mbali inayo ndi mchenga woyera—phokosoli linali ngati nyimbo yolira ku misonkhano yathu.

Ndinadabwitsidwa kumva kuti palibe boma kapena bungwe lodziyimira pawokha lomwe latulutsa lipoti limodzi lokwanira pazokhudza Sandy, posachedwa komanso nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale mkati mwa maiko, kuzama kwa chidziwitso chokhudza mapulani a kuchira ndi zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa zikuwoneka kuti zimachokera ku nkhani zabodza kusiyana ndi ndondomeko yowonjezera, yophatikizana yomwe imakhudza zosowa za anthu. Gulu lathu laling'ono la odzipereka ochokera m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza membala wathu wa TOF Board of Advisors Hooper Brooks, sanalembe dongosololi kumapeto kwa sabata, ngakhale atalolera bwanji.

Ndiye, n'chifukwa chiyani tinali kumeneko ku Long Beach? Ndi kufulumira kwa mkuntho ndi kuyankha kumbuyo kwawo, Surfrider Chaputala ikufuna kukonzanso odzipereka awo odzipereka kuti ayeretse magombe, kampeni ya Rise Above Plastics, komanso, kupereka malingaliro pagulu pazotsatira zakuchira pambuyo pa Sandy. Ndipo, tidayenera kuganizira zomwe tingaphunzire pa zomwe takumana nazo ndi Sandy?

Cholinga cha msonkhano wathu chinali kuphatikiza ukatswiri wa akatswiri athu a alendo, The Ocean Foundation, ndi ogwira ntchito ku Surfrider ochokera ku California ndi Florida ndi ukatswiri komanso zokumana nazo za ogwira nawo ntchito am'deralo ndi odzipereka kuti apange mfundo zomwe zingathandize kukonza ntchito zamtsogolo. NY/NJ Coast. Mfundozi zidzakhalanso ndi mtengo wokulirapo popanga yankho lamtsogolo ku masoka osapeŵeka a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Ngocho twalivwishile kuwaha chikuma havyuma natulinangula kuvyuma vyakushipilitu, kaha twatela kukavangiza jishimbi jenyi. Maziko a mfundo zimenezi anagogomezera kufunika kwa Kubwezeretsa, Kumanganso, ndi Kulingaliranso.

Anali ndi cholinga chofuna kuthana ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri: Zosowa Zachilengedwe (kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe za m'mphepete mwa nyanja); Zosowa Zachikhalidwe (kukonza zowonongeka kwa malo akale ndi kumanganso zinthu zosangalatsa monga misewu, mapaki, misewu, ndi magombe); ndi Kukonza Zachuma (kuvomereza kutayika kwa ndalama kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe zathanzi ndi zosangalatsa zina, kuwonongeka kwa malo ogwirira ntchito m'madzi, ndi kufunikira komanganso kumangidwanso kwa malo ogulitsa ndi malo okhalamo kuti athandize chuma cha m'deralo).

Akamaliza, mfundozi ziwonanso magawo osiyanasiyana othana ndi chimphepo chamkuntho komanso momwe kuganiza za iwo tsopano kungawongolere zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyi kuti zikhale zolimba mtsogolo:

Gawo 1. Pulumuka namondwe-kuyang'anira, kukonzekera, ndi kusamuka (masiku)

Gawo 2.  Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi (masiku/masabata)- chibadwa ndi kugwira ntchito mwachangu kuti zinthu zibwerere m'mbuyo momwe zinalili, ngakhale zitakhala zosemphana ndi masitepe 3 ndi 4 m'kupita kwanthawi - ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa machitidwe kuti athandizire anthu ndikuchepetsa kuvulaza (monga zimbudzi kapena gasi). kuphulika kwa mapaipi)

Gawo 3.  Kuchira (milungu/miyezi) - apa ntchito zoyambira zikubwerera mwakale ngati kuli kotheka, mchenga ndi zinyalala zachotsedwa m'malo ndipo kuyeretsa kumapitilirabe, mapulani okonza zida zazikulu akuchitika, ndipo mabizinesi ndi nyumba zitha kukhalamonso.

Gawo 4.  Kupirira (miyezi/zaka): Apa ndipamene msonkhanowu udakhudza kwambiri atsogoleri ammudzi ndi anthu ena ochita zisankho kuti akhazikitse njira zothanirana ndi mvula yamkuntho yomwe sikukonzekera Gawo 1-3 kokha, komanso kuganizira za thanzi la mtsogolo komanso kuchepetsa kusatetezeka.

▪ Kumanganso kuti mukhale olimba mtima - malamulo amakono amapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulingalira za mphepo yamkuntho yamtsogolo pamene mukumanganso, ndipo nkofunika kuti anthu aziyesetsa kuganizira zinthu monga kukweza nyumba, kukonzanso malo otetezedwa achilengedwe, ndi kumanga misewu m'njira zomwe sizingawonongeke.
▪ Samukani kuti mukhale olimba mtima - tiyenera kuvomereza kuti m'malo ena sipangakhale njira yomanganso ndi mphamvu ndi chitetezo m'malingaliro - m'malo amenewo, kutsogolo kwa chitukuko cha anthu kuyenera kukhala zotchingira zachilengedwe zomwe timapanganso, kusunga magulu a anthu kumbuyo kwawo.

Palibe amene akuganiza kuti zikhala zophweka, ndipo, pambuyo pa tsiku lathunthu, logwira ntchito, maziko oyambirira analipo. Njira zotsatirazi zidadziwika ndikupatsidwa masiku oyenerera. Anthu odziperekawo anabalalika ulendo wautali wopita ku Delaware, New Jersey, ndi madera ena a m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndipo ndidawonapo zina mwazomwe zidawonongeka komanso zoyeserera kuchokera kwa Sandy. Monga momwe zinalili ndi Katrina ndi mkuntho wina wa 2005 ku Gulf ndi Florida, monganso ndi matsunami a 2004 ndi 2011, umboni wa mphamvu yaikulu ya nyanja yomwe ikutsanulidwira pamtunda ikuwoneka yochuluka (onani Storm Surge Database).

Ndili wamng’ono, nyanja yomwe inafa kalekale pafupi ndi tauni yakwathu ya Corcoran, California, inayamba kudzaza ndipo inaopseza kuti idzasefukira m’tauniyo. Chiwongoladzanja chachikulu chinamangidwa ndi dothi pogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto osweka ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange dongosolo la msonkho. Levy inagwira. Kuno ku Long Beach, sanachite zimenezo. Ndipo mwina sizinagwire ntchito.

Pamene mapiri aatali kumapeto kwa tawuni pafupi ndi mbiri yakale ya Lido Towers atagonjetsedwa ndi Sandy, mchenga wokwana mamita atatu unasiyidwa kudutsa dera limenelo, kutali kwambiri ndi gombe. Kumene milu ya miluyo sinalephereke, nyumba za m’mbuyo mwawo zinawonongeka pang’ono, ngati zinalipo. Choncho zinthu zachilengedwe zinachita zonse zomwe zingatheke ndipo anthu ayenera kuchitanso chimodzimodzi.

Pamene ndinali kuchoka ku msonkhanowo, ndinakumbutsidwa kuti pali zambiri zoti zichitidwe, osati pa kagulu kakang’ono kameneka kokha, koma pa mtunda wamakilomita masauzande ambiri a m’mphepete mwa nyanja amene ali m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya dziko lapansi. Mphepo zazikuluzi zimasiya chizindikiro m'maiko ndi mayiko - kaya ndi Katrina ku Gulf, kapena Irene yomwe idasefukira kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa US mu 2011, kapena Isaac wa 2012 yemwe adabweretsa mafuta ochokera ku BP kubwerera ku magombe a Gulf, madambo. ndi malo opherako nsomba, kapena, Superstorm Sandy, yomwe idasamutsa anthu masauzande ambiri kuchokera ku Jamaica kupita ku New England. Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu ambiri amakhala pamtunda wa makilomita 50 kuchokera kugombe. Kukonzekera zochitika zazikuluzikuluzi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa m'makonzedwe am'deralo, chigawo, dziko, ngakhale mayiko. Tonsefe tingathe ndipo tiyenera kutenga nawo mbali.