Chilumba, Nyanja ndi Kuwongolera Tsogolo

Kuwala Kokongola kwa Okutobala
Gawo 3: Chilumba, Nyanja ndi Kuwongolera Tsogolo

ndi Mark J. Spalding

Monga ndidalemba kale, kugwa ndi nthawi yotanganidwa yamisonkhano ndi misonkhano ina. Paulendo wamasabata asanu ndi limodzi, ndinali ndi mwayi wokhala masiku angapo ku Block Island, Rhode Island, ndikuyang'ana famu yamphepo yomwe ikuchitika, ndikuphunzira zambiri za kuyesetsa kuteteza zomangamanga monga Malo Otumizira Zinyalala, pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho Sandy ndi mphepo yamkuntho. -kuyambitsa kukokoloka, ndikusangalala ndi madera osiyanasiyana pachilumbachi omwe atetezedwa ku chitukuko ndikupereka maulendo osangalatsa. 

Block Island inakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo ndi Azungu mu 1661. Mkati mwa zaka 60, nkhalango zake zambiri zinali zitadulidwa kuti amange ndi mafuta. Miyala yambiri yozungulira yozungulirayi inkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makoma amiyala—omwe amatetezedwa masiku ano. Malo otseguka anapatsa malo otseguka omwe amasungiramo zamoyo zina monga lark. Chilumbachi chinalibe doko lachilengedwe loteteza mabwato akuluakulu, koma chinali ndi nsomba zam'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso nkhono zambiri. Kutsatira kumangidwa kwa doko lamadzi (Old Harbor) chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, Block Island idaphuka ngati malo achilimwe, ndikudzitamandira mahotela akale am'mphepete mwamadzi. Chilumbachi chidakali malo otchuka kwambiri a chilimwe, ndipo amapereka alendo kukwera maulendo, kusodza, kukwera mafunde, kukwera njinga, ndi kupaka nyanja, pakati pa zokopa zake. 950 peresenti ya chilumbachi ndi yotetezedwa ku chitukuko, ndipo malo ambiri achilengedwe ndi otseguka kwa anthu. Chiwerengero cha anthu chaka chonse tsopano ndi anthu pafupifupi XNUMX.

Zikomo kwa alendo athu, Bungwe la Ocean View Foundation Kim Gaffett ndi Rhode Island Natural History Survey Kira Stillwell, ndidatha kuphunzira zambiri zazinthu zapadera za pachilumbachi. Masiku ano minda yayamba kuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi owundana kwambiri, akusintha kusakanikirana kwa mbalame zomwe zimakhalapo komanso zomwe zimasamuka. Mabulosi ambiri a pachilumbachi omwe amabala zipatso monga winterberry, pokeberry, ndi wax myrtle, akuvutitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya ku Japan yotchedwa knotweed, Black Swallow-wort, ndi mipesa ya mphindi imodzi (yochokera ku East Asia).

M’nyengo yophukira, mbalame zambirimbiri zimene zimasamuka zimayima pa Block Island kuti zipume ndi kuthira mafuta mafuta zisanapitirize ulendo wawo wopita kumadera akutali a kum’mwera. Nthawi zambiri, komwe akupita amakhala kutali ndi mtunda wa mailosi ku Central ndi South America. Kwa zaka XNUMX zapitazi, banja lina lakhala likuchititsa siteshoni yolumikizira pafupi ndi kumpoto kwa Block Island, pafupi ndi Clayhead Bluffs yomwe imapanga malo ochititsa chidwi paulendo wapamadzi kuchokera ku Point Judith. Kumeneko, mbalame zosamuka zimagwidwa muukonde, n’kuchotsedwa pang’onopang’ono pasanathe ola limodzi, kuzipima, kuziyeza, kuzimanga m’zingwe, ndi kumasulidwanso. Katswiri wa ku Block Island komanso katswiri wa gulu la mbalame, Kim Gaffett wakhala zaka zambiri ali pasiteshoni m'chaka ndi kugwa. Mbalame iliyonse imalandira gulu lolinganizidwa kaamba ka ukulu wake ndi kulemera kwake, kugonana kwake kumazindikiridwa, mafuta ake odziŵika, utali wa mapiko ake kuyezedwa kuchokera ku “chigongono,” ndi kulemera kwake. Kim amayang'ananso kuphatikizika kwa chigaza kuti adziwe zaka za mbalame. Wothandizira wake wodzipereka Maggie amalemba mosamala zomwe zili pambalame iliyonse. Mbalame zogwiridwa modekhazo zimamasulidwa.  

Sindinawone momwe ndingathandizire bande, kapena kuyeza, kapena sikelo. Ine ndithudi ndinalibe zinachitikira Kim pa kudziwa mlingo wa mafuta, mwachitsanzo. Koma zinathekadi kuti ndinasangalala kwambiri kukhala munthu amene ndinathandiza ti mbalame tating’ono tating’ono kubwerera m’njira. Nthaŵi zambiri, monga momwe zinalili ndi kamwana kake ka vireo, mbalameyo inkakhala modekha pa chala changa kwa kamphindi, kuyang’ana uku ndi uku, mwinanso kuweruza mphepo yamkunthoyo, isanauluke—kutera m’kati mwa nkhwawa pafupifupi mofulumira kwambiri. maso kutsatira.  

Monga madera ambiri am'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomanga za Block Island zili pachiwopsezo cha kukwera kwa nyanja komanso kukokoloka kwachilengedwe. Monga chilumba, kuthawa si njira, ndipo njira zina ziyenera kupezeka pachilichonse kuyambira pakuwongolera zinyalala, kupanga misewu, mpaka mphamvu. Kim ndi anthu ena ammudzi athandizira kutsogolera ntchito yopititsa patsogolo mphamvu pachilumbachi - ndi famu yoyamba yamphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja yaku US yomwe ikumangidwa kum'mawa kwa chilumbachi.  

Ntchito yomwe Kim ndi gulu lake la odzipereka amachita powerengera mbalame zosamukasamuka, monga ntchito ya Biodiversity Research Institute gulu la raptor litithandiza kumvetsetsa zambiri za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa ma turbines ndi kusamuka kwa mbalame. Madera ambiri apindula ndi zomwe aphunzira kuchokera ku ndondomeko yomwe anthu a ku Block Island akutukuka pamene akuyenda pa chilichonse kuchokera pamene magetsi amachokera kumtunda, mpaka pamene mabwato ogwirira ntchito a famu yamphepo amamangidwira, komwe kudzamangidwe malo opangira magetsi. Anzathu ku Island Institute ku Maine ndi ena mwa omwe adagawana nawo, ndikuthandizira kudziwitsa, ndondomekoyi.

The Ocean Foundation inakhazikitsidwa, mwa zina, kuti athandize mipata ya mlatho pakusungidwa kwa nyanja-kuchokera ku chidziwitso kupita ku zachuma kupita ku mphamvu zaumunthu-ndipo nthawi ya ku Block Island inatikumbutsa kuti ubale wathu ndi nyanja umayambira pamtunda kwambiri. Kuyimirira ndikuyang'ana ku Atlantic, kapena kumwera kwa Montauk, kapena kubwereranso kumphepete mwa nyanja ya Rhode Island ndikudziwa kuti muli pamalo apadera kwambiri. Kwa ine, ndikudziwa kuti ndili ndi mwayi wodabwitsa komanso wothokoza kwambiri kuti ndaphunzira zambiri m'nthawi yochepa pachilumba chokongola chotere. 

Chithunzi 1: Block Island, Chithunzi 2: Mark J. Spalding akuthandiza ndi kutulutsa mbalame zam'deralo