Kusintha kwa Makhalidwe kwa Nyanja

Wolemba Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti

Tikudziwa kuti tikufuna kukonza ubale wa anthu ndi nyanja. Tikufuna kutsogolera dziko lomwe timalemekeza kudalira kwathu panyanja ndikuwonetsa kufunika kwake m'njira zonse zomwe timachitira ndi nyanja - kukhala pafupi naye, kuyenda pa iye, kusuntha katundu wathu, ndikudya chakudya komwe timakhala. kuzifuna. Tiyenera kuphunzira kulemekeza zosowa zake ndikutaya nthano yomwe idakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali kuti nyanja ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuti anthu sangakhudze machitidwe ake padziko lonse lapansi.

Banki Yadziko Lonse posachedwapa yatulutsa lipoti lamasamba a 238, "Mind, Society, and Behavior", lomwe ndi kafukufuku wokwanira masauzande ambiri ochokera kumayiko opitilira 80, akuyang'ana gawo lamalingaliro ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu popanga zisankho ndikusintha kwakhalidwe. Lipoti latsopano la Banki Yadziko Lonse limeneli likutsimikizira kuti anthu amaganiza mwachisawawa, kuganiza mwachiyanjano, ndi kuganiza pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za m’maganizo (chidziŵitso cha m’mbuyomo, makhalidwe abwino, ndi zokumana nazo zimene amaonera chosankha chilichonse). Izi ndi zolukana, ndi kumanga pa wina ndi mzake; iwo sali ma silo. Tiyenera kuthana nawo onse nthawi imodzi.

Tikayang'ana pa kasungidwe ka nyanja ndi kuyang'anira nyanja, pali machitidwe atsiku ndi tsiku omwe timafuna kuti anthu azitengera kuti atifikitse komwe tikufuna kupita. Pali ndondomeko zomwe timakhulupirira kuti zingathandize anthu ndi nyanja ngati atatengera. Lipotili likupereka mfundo zochititsa chidwi za mmene anthu amaganizira ndi kuchita zomwe zingadziŵitse ntchito yathu yonse—zambiri za lipotili zikutsimikizira kuti takhala tikugwira ntchito, pamlingo wina, pa malingaliro olakwika ndi malingaliro olakwika. Ndimagawana nawo mfundo zazikuluzikuluzi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, apa pali a kugwirizana ku chidule cha masamba 23 komanso ku lipoti lokha.

Choyamba, ndi mmene timaganizira. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kuganiza "mwachangu, wodziwikiratu, wopanda mphamvu, komanso wogwirizana" motsutsana ndi "wochedwa, dala, wolimbikira, wosasintha, komanso wowunikira." Anthu ambiri amakhala ongoganiza chabe osati ongoganiza mwadala (ngakhale amaganiza kuti adachita dala). Zosankha zathu zimachokera pa zomwe zimabwera m'maganizo (kapena kupereka pokhudzana ndi thumba la tchipisi ta mbatata). Choncho, tiyenera "kupanga ndondomeko zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zosavuta kuti anthu asankhe makhalidwe omwe akugwirizana ndi zomwe akufuna komanso zomwe amakonda."

Chachiwiri, ndi momwe timagwirira ntchito ngati gawo la gulu la anthu. Anthu ndi nyama zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe amakonda, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ndiko kunena kuti anthu ambiri amasamala za zomwe ozungulira iwo akuchita komanso momwe amalowera m'magulu awo. Motero, amatengera khalidwe la ena mwachisawawa.

Tsoka ilo, monga taphunzirira kuchokera ku lipotili, "Opanga malamulo nthawi zambiri amapeputsa gawo la chikhalidwe cha kusintha kwa khalidwe." Mwachitsanzo, chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha zachuma chimanena kuti anthu nthawi zonse amasankha mwanzeru komanso mokomera iwo eni (zomwe zingatanthauze malingaliro anthawi yochepa komanso a nthawi yayitali). Lipotili likutsimikizira kuti chiphunzitsochi ndi chabodza, zomwe mwina sizikudabwitsani. M'malo mwake, imatsimikizira kulephera kwa mfundo zozikidwa pa chikhulupiliro chakuti kupanga zisankho zanzeru kudzakhala kopambana nthawi zonse.

Motero, mwachitsanzo, “zolimbikitsa pazachuma siziri kwenikweni kapena njira yokhayo yolimbikitsira anthu. Kufuna kutchuka ndi kuzindikirika ndi anthu kumatanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri, zolimbikitsa zamagulu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi kapena ngakhale m'malo molimbikitsa zachuma kudzutsa makhalidwe omwe akufuna." Mwachiwonekere, ndondomeko iliyonse yomwe timapanga kapena zolinga zomwe tikufuna kukwaniritsa ziyenera kutsata zomwe timakonda komanso kukwaniritsa masomphenya omwe timagawana nawo ngati tikufuna kuchita bwino.

M'malo mwake, anthu ambiri amakonda kukonda zinthu zopanda chilungamo, chilungamo komanso kuyanjana ndipo amakhala ndi mzimu wogwirizana. Timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo timachita mogwirizana. Monga momwe lipotilo likusonyezera, “Nthaŵi zambiri timafuna kuchita zimene ena amafuna kwa ife.”

Timadziwa kuti “timachita zinthu ngati anthu a magulu, zabwino ndi zoipa. Kodi “timatengera bwanji zizolowezi za anthu za kuyanjana ndi kuchita zinthu monga anthu a magulu kuti abweretse kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu” pofuna kuthetsa chizoloŵezi chowononga chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi?

Malinga ndi lipotilo, anthu sapanga zosankha mwa kutengera mfundo zimene anazipanga okha, koma pa zitsanzo za maganizo zimene zili muubongo wawo, zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimawumbidwa ndi maunansi a zachuma, zipembedzo, ndi kudziwika kwa magulu a anthu. Poyang'anizana ndi kuwerengera kovutirapo, anthu amatanthauzira zatsopano m'njira yogwirizana ndi chidaliro chawo m'malingaliro awo akale.

Anthu oteteza zachilengedwe akhala akukhulupirira kuti ngati tingopereka zowona za kuwopseza thanzi la m'nyanja kapena kuchepa kwa zamoyo, ndiye kuti anthu mwachibadwa asintha machitidwe awo chifukwa amakonda nyanja ndipo ndichoyenera kuchita. Komabe, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti si momwe anthu amayankhira pazomwe adakumana nazo. M'malo mwake, zomwe tikusowa ndi kulowererapo kuti tisinthe chitsanzo cha maganizo, ndipo motero, chikhulupiriro cha zomwe zingatheke m'tsogolomu.

Chovuta chathu n’chakuti chibadwa cha anthu chimangoganizira za masiku ano, osati zam’tsogolo. Mofananamo, ifenso timakonda kwambiri mfundo zochokera m'madera athu. Kukhulupirika kwathu kungayambitse kukondera kotsimikizira, komwe ndi chizolowezi cha anthu kutanthauzira ndi kusefa zambiri m'njira yomwe imathandizira malingaliro awo kapena malingaliro awo. Anthu amakonda kunyalanyaza kapena kuyamikira zomwe zaperekedwa motheka, kuphatikizapo kulosera kwa mvula ya nyengo ndi zina zokhudzana ndi nyengo. Osati zokhazo, komanso timakonda kupewa kuchitapo kanthu pamaso pa zosadziwika. Zizoloŵezi zachibadwa za anthu zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa mapangano a chigawo, mayiko awiri, ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana okonzekera tsogolo losintha.

Ndiye tingachite chiyani? Kumenya anthu pamutu ndi deta ndi zoneneratu za komwe nyanja idzakhala mu 2100, ndi momwe chemistry yake idzakhala mu 2050 ndi mitundu yanji yomwe idzakhala itatha sizikulimbikitsani kuchitapo kanthu. Tiyenera kugawana chidziwitso chimenecho motsimikizika, koma sitingayembekeze kuti chidziwitso chokhacho chingasinthe khalidwe la anthu. Momwemonso, tiyenera kulumikizana ndi anthu ammudzi.

Timavomereza kuti zochita za anthu zimakhudza kwambiri nyanja zonse za m'nyanja ndi zamoyo zomwe zili mmenemo. Komabe, sitikhala ndi chidziwitso chomwe chimatikumbutsa kuti aliyense wa ife ali ndi gawo pa thanzi lake. Chitsanzo chosavuta chingakhale chakuti munthu wa m’mphepete mwa nyanja amangokhalira kusuta fodya amene amatayira ndudu yake mumchenga (ndi kuisiya pamenepo) amatero ndi ubongo wodzichitira okha. Iyenera kutayidwa ndipo mchenga pansi pa mpando ndi wosavuta komanso wotetezeka. Akatsutsidwa, wosutayo anganene kuti, “Ndi thako limodzi chabe, lingavulaze bwanji? Koma si vuto limodzi chabe monga momwe tonse tikudziŵira: Ndudu mabiliyoni ambiri akuponyedwa m’zodzala, kukokoloredwa m’ngalande zamphepo yamkuntho, ndi kuzisiya m’magombe athu.

Ndiye kusinthaku kumachokera kuti? Titha kupereka zowona:
• Ndudu za ndudu ndizomwe zimatayidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (4.5 thililiyoni pachaka)
• Zotayira ndudu ndizo zinyalala zomwe zafala kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo zotayira ndudu SIZIkhoza kuwonongeka.
• Ndudu za ndudu zimatulutsa mankhwala oopsa omwe ndi oopsa kwa anthu, ku nyama zakutchire ndipo amatha kuipitsa madzi. *

Ndiye tingachite chiyani? Zomwe tikuphunzira kuchokera ku lipoti la World Bank ndikuti tiyenera kutero zikhale zosavuta kutaya za ndudu za ndudu (monga phulusa la m'thumba la Surfrider lomwe likuwoneka kumanja), pangani zizindikiro zokumbutsa osuta kuti achite zoyenera, panga chinthu chomwe aliyense amawona ena akuchita kotero kuti agwirizane, ndipo khalani okonzeka kutola matako ngakhale titatero. t kusuta. Pomaliza, tiyenera kulingalira momwe tingaphatikizire zochita zoyenera kukhala zitsanzo zamaganizidwe, kotero kuti zochita zokha ndi zomwe zili zabwino kunyanja. Ndipo chimenecho ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chabe cha makhalidwe omwe tiyenera kusintha kuti tipititse patsogolo ubale wa anthu ndi nyanja pamlingo uliwonse.

Tiyenera kutengera zomwe tonsefe tili nazo kuti tipeze njira yabwino kwambiri yoganizira zamtsogolo zomwe zimatithandiza kuonetsetsa kuti zochita zathu zikugwirizana ndi zomwe timafunikira komanso zomwe timayendera zimayika nyanja patsogolo.

* Bungwe la Ocean Conservancy likuyerekeza kuti chikonga chotengedwa ndi zosefera 200 ndi chokwanira kupha munthu. Bulu limodzi lokha limatha kuipitsa malita 500 a madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndipo musaiwale kuti nthawi zambiri nyama zimadya!

Chithunzi chachikulu ndi Shannon Holman