Makorali Amafunika Kuthandizidwa

Matanthwe a Coral amatha kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri komanso zowopsa, mpaka sangathe. Kamodzi katsamba kamene kamadutsa pamtunda kuchokera ku machitidwe olamulidwa ndi ma coral kupita ku kachitidwe kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ndi algae pamalo omwewo; ndizovuta kwambiri kubwerera.

“Kuthira madzi kudzapha miyala yamchere; acidity ya m’nyanjayi idzawapha.”
- Charlie Veron

Ndinalemekezedwa sabata yatha kuitanidwa ndi Central Caribbean Marine Institute ndi wothandizira, HRH The Earl of Wessex, kuti apite ku Rethinking the Future for Coral Reefs Symposium, ku St. James Palace ku London.  

Ichi sichinali chipinda chanu chochitira misonkhano yopanda mawindo mu hotelo ina yopanda dzina. Ndipo nkhani yosiyiranayi sinali kukumana kwanu kwanthawi zonse. Zinali zambiri, zazing'ono (pafupifupi 25 a ife m'chipindamo), ndipo pamwamba pake Prince Edward anakhala nafe kwa masiku awiri akukambirana za machitidwe a coral reef. Chochitika chachikulu cha bleaching chaka chino ndi kupitiriza kwa chochitika chomwe chinayamba mu 2014, chifukwa cha kutentha kwa madzi a m'nyanja. Tikuyembekeza kuti zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi zakuda ngati izi zikuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tilibe chochita koma kuganiziranso za tsogolo la matanthwe a coral. Kufa kotheratu m'madera ena ndi kwa mitundu ina sikungapeweke. Ndi tsiku lomvetsa chisoni pamene tiyenera kusintha maganizo athu kuti “zinthu ziipire, ndipo mwamsanga kuposa mmene timaganizira.” Koma, tili pa izi: Kuwona zomwe tonsefe tingachite!

Matanthwe a coral si matanthwe chabe, ndi dongosolo locholowana koma losakhwima la zamoyo zomwe zimakhalira limodzi ndi kudalirana.  Matanthwe a Coral ndi amodzi mwazachilengedwe zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.  Momwemo, akuyembekezeredwa kukhala njira yoyamba kugwa pamaso pa madzi otentha, kusintha madzi a m'nyanja, ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya wa m'nyanja chifukwa cha mpweya wathu wowonjezera kutentha. Kugwa kumeneku kunanenedweratu kuti kudzakhala kokwanira ndi 2050. Chigwirizano cha omwe anasonkhana ku London chinali chakuti tiyenera kusintha tsikuli, kusuntha, chifukwa chochitika chaposachedwa kwambiri cha bleaching chachititsa kuti pakhale kufa kwakukulu kwa coral. mbiri.

 

Bleaching ya miyala yamchere ya Coral ndizochitika zamakono kwambiri. Kukhetsa ndere kumachitika pamene ndere za symbiotic (zooxanthellae) zafa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, kuchititsa photosynthesis kuyima, ndi kulanda ma corals chakudya chawo. Kutsatira Mgwirizano wa Paris wa 2016, tikuyembekeza kutseka kutentha kwa dziko lathu pa 2 digiri Celsius. Kuyera komwe tikukuwona lero kukuchitika ndi 1 digiri Celsius yokha ya kutentha kwa dziko. Zaka zisanu zokha mwa zaka 5 zapitazi zakhala zopanda zochitika zakuda. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zochitika zatsopano zowonongeka tsopano zikubwera mofulumira komanso kawirikawiri, zomwe zimasiya nthawi yochepa yochira. Chaka chino ndi choopsa kwambiri moti ngakhale zamoyo zomwe tinkaganiza kuti zapulumuka zimakhudzidwa ndi bleach.

Kutentha kwaposachedwa kumeneku kumangowonjezera kuwonongeka kwathu kwa miyala yamchere yamchere. Kuwononga ndi kusodza mochulukirachulukira kukuchulukirachulukira ndipo ziyenera kuthetsedwa kuti zithandizire zomwe zitha kuchitika.

Zomwe takumana nazo zimatiuza kuti tifunika kutenga njira yopulumutsira matanthwe a coral. Tiyenera kusiya kuwavula nsomba ndi anthu okhalamo omwe apanga dongosolo lokhazikika pazaka zambiri. Kwa zaka zopitilira 20, gulu lathu Pulogalamu ya Cuba waphunzira ndikugwira ntchito yoteteza miyala ya miyala ya Jardines de la Reina. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wawo, tikudziwa kuti thanthweli ndi lathanzi komanso lolimba kuposa matanthwe ena a ku Caribbean. Miyezo ya trophic kuchokera ku zilombo zapamwamba kupita ku microalgae ikadalipo; monganso udzu wa m'nyanja ndi mitengo ya mangrove yomwe ili pafupi ndi phompho. Ndipo, iwo onse akadali molingana.

Madzi ofunda, zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuipitsa zinthu sizilemekeza malire. Poganizira izi, tikudziwa kuti sitingagwiritse ntchito ma MPAs kusintha matanthwe a coral. Koma titha kutsata kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu komanso kuthandizira madera otetezedwa a "palibe kutenga" m'malo am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi a coral kuti akhalebe olimba ndikuwonjezera mphamvu. Tiyenera kuletsa anangula, zida zophera nsomba, osambira, mabwato, ndi dynamite kusandutsa mathirakiti a miyala yamchere kukhala zidutswa. Nthawi yomweyo, tiyenera kusiya kuyika zinthu zoyipa m'nyanja: zinyalala za m'madzi, zakudya zochulukirapo, kuipitsidwa kwapoizoni, ndi mpweya wosungunuka womwe umatsogolera ku acidity ya m'nyanja.

Tiyeneranso kuyesetsa kubwezeretsa matanthwe a coral. Makorali ena amatha kukwezedwa mu ukapolo, m'minda ndi m'minda m'madzi apafupi ndi nyanja, ndiyeno "kubzalidwa" pamiyala yowonongeka. Titha kuzindikira ngakhale mitundu ya ma coral yomwe imalekerera kusintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi chemistry. Katswiri wina wokhulupirira za chisinthiko posachedwapa ananena kuti padzakhala anthu a m’matanthwe osiyanasiyana amene adzapulumuke chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kumene kukuchitika padziko lapansili, ndipo otsalawo adzakhala amphamvu kwambiri. Sitingathe kubweza makorale aakulu akale. Tikudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa zomwe tikutaya zimaposa zomwe timatha kuzibwezeretsa, koma chilichonse chingathandize.

Kuphatikiza ndi zoyesayesa zina zonsezi, tiyeneranso kubwezeretsanso udzu woyandikana nawo ndi malo ena okhalamo. Monga mukudziwira, The Ocean Foundation, poyamba inkatchedwa Coral Reef Foundation. Tidakhazikitsa Coral Reef Foundation pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri zapitazo ngati malo oyamba opereka zoteteza matanthwe a coral - kupereka upangiri wa akatswiri okhudzana ndi ntchito zosamalira bwino matanthwe a coral ndi njira zosavuta zoperekera, makamaka kwa magulu ang'onoang'ono akutali omwe amanyamula zolemetsa zambiri. chitetezo cha m'matanthwe a coral.  Tsambali ndi lamoyo ndipo limatithandiza kupeza ndalama kwa anthu oyenera omwe akuchita ntchito yabwino kwambiri m'madzi.

Kubwerezanso: Matanthwe a matanthwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri ndi zochitika za anthu. Amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kusintha kwa kutentha, chemistry, ndi kuchuluka kwa nyanja. Ndi mpikisano wolimbana ndi nthawi kuti athetse kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zowononga kuti ma coral omwe angapulumuke apulumuke. Ngati titeteza matanthwe kumtunda ndi zochitika za anthu am'deralo, kusunga malo okhalamo, ndikubwezeretsanso matanthwe owonongeka, tikudziwa kuti matanthwe ena amatha kukhala ndi moyo.

Zotsatira za msonkhano ku London sizinali zabwino-koma tonse tinagwirizana kuti tiyenera kuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tisinthe momwe tingathere. Tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya machitidwe kuti tipeze mayankho omwe amapewa kuyesedwa kwa "zipolopolo zasiliva," makamaka zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Payenera kukhala njira yoyendetsera ntchito kuti ikhale yolimba, yochokera kuzinthu zabwino zomwe zilipo, ndikudziwitsidwa bwino ndi sayansi, zachuma ndi malamulo.

Sitinganyalanyaze zomwe aliyense wa ife akuchita m'malo mwa nyanja. Sikelo ndi yayikulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zochita zanu ndizofunikira. Chifukwa chake, nyamulani zinyalalazo, pewani mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, yeretsani chiweto chanu, dumphani kuthira feteleza udzu wanu (makamaka ngati mvula ikulosera), ndipo onani momwe mungachepetsere mayendedwe anu a kaboni.

Ife ku The Ocean Foundation tili ndi udindo wotsogolera ubale wa anthu ndi nyanja kuti ukhale wathanzi kotero kuti matanthwe a coral asamangokhala ndi moyo, komanso kuti aziyenda bwino. Titsatireni.

#futureforcoralreefs