Oasis of Science

Mphepete mwa nyanja yakutali ku Baja California Sur, yozunguliridwa ndi malo amadzi otsika otsika, malo otsetsereka amchere, ndi zazitali. teasel cacti omwe amawoneka m'chizimezime ngati alonda ngati totem atakulungidwa mumadzi, pali labotale yaying'ono. Francisco "Pachico" Mayoral Field Laboratory. 

Mkati mwa labotale iyi, yomwe ili ndi makina ake ozungulira omwe amazungulira mwamphamvu pamakona ake oyimirira kuti agwire chiwombankhanga chilichonse, ma solar ake akuwala ngati maiwe a obsidian okhala ndi ma gridline osambitsidwa ndi dzuŵa lachipululu, ena mwa sayansi yabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi pa anamgumi amvi akuchitika. . Ndipo, zikuchitidwa ndi ena mwa anthu abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi kuti azichita.

Iyi ndi Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science Programme, pulojekiti ya The Ocean Foundation.

Ndipo, iyi ndi Laguna San Ignacio, komwe chipululu chimakumana ndi nyanja, zachilengedwe zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe ndi gawo la El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve ku Mexico.

Kwa zaka zambiri, dera lakutali limeneli lakopa chidwi cha akatswiri ofufuza zinthu, asayansi, opanga mafilimu, asodzi, osodza anamgumi ndi anthu ogwira ntchito m’mafakitale. Nyanjayi, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anamgumi otuwa omwe amafika nthawi yachisanu kuti abereke ndi kubereka ana, amakhala ndi nyama zakutchire zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo akamba am'nyanja, ma dolphin, nkhanu, ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zamtengo wapatali. Nyanjayi ndi malo othawirako kwambiri mbalame za m’madzi ndi mbalame za m’mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zimafunafuna chakudya ndi pogona m’madambo ake olemera. M’nkhalango za mangrove zofiira ndi zoyera za m’derali muli zamoyo zambiri.

Kuchokera pamwamba, nyanjayi ikuwoneka ngati malo otsetsereka okhala ndi mapiri ofiira ndi ocher, nyanja yaikulu ya Pacific Ocean ikusweka kwambiri pamchenga wosonyeza polowera kunyanjayi. Kuyang'ana m'mwamba, thambo labuluu lopanda malire limasintha usiku uliwonse kukhala denga lonyezimira la nyenyezi zomwe zikuyenda pakati pa ma eddies ndi ma whirlpools a Milky Way.

“Mlendo wokacheza kunyanjayo ayenera kusiya kutsata mayendedwe a mphepo, mafunde, ndipo potero, zodabwitsa zonse za kumaloko zimakhala zofikirika. Kusintha kwapachaka kwa kaganizidwe ndi kawonedwe ka zinthu, kuchedwetsa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kutsatira mawotchi achilengedwe, kukulitsa chiyamikiro chonse cha zimene tsiku lililonse linkatibweretsera, kaya zabwino kapena zoipa, ndi zimene tinazitcha kuti ‘Nthawi ya Lagoon.’” – Steven Swartz (1)

Mapu a Steven Swartz ndi a Mary Lou Jones apachiyambi

Nditafika koyamba usiku pamagombe ake akuda a inky ndikutsatira ulendo wa 4 × 4 kudutsa chipululu, mphepo ikuwomba mwamphamvu komanso mokweza - monga imachitira nthawi zambiri - ndikudzaza ndi mchenga ndi mchere wam'chipululu, ndimatha kumva phokoso lomwe limachokera. mdima pamaso panga. Pamene ndikuyang'ana pa phokoso, mphamvu zanga zina zinakhala chete. The mahema kukupiza m'nyumba ophunzira ndi asayansi anaimitsidwa pakati pa biwi; Nyenyezizo zinayamba kung'ambika, ndipo zotumbululuka zoyerazo zinkaoneka ngati zikumveketsa mawuwo ndi kuwamasulira. Ndipo, ndiye, ndinadziwa magwero a phokosolo.

Anali mkokomo wa anangumi otchedwa grey whale—amayi ndi ana a ng’ombe—akumvekera mochititsa mantha m’chizimezimecho, chimphepo chophimbidwa ndi mdima wamphanga, wodetsedwa ndi zinsinsi, ndi kuwulula za moyo watsopano.

Ballenas gris. Eschrichtius robustus. Nangumi wodabwitsa wa Laguna San Ignacio. Kenako ndinadzionera ndekha kuti nawonso ndi ochezeka.

Ngakhale kuti malowa akopa chidwi kwambiri kuyambira pomwe ofufuza, monga Dr. Ray Gilmore, "bambo wa kuwonera anamgumi," adayamba kuchita maulendo asayansi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, Dr. Steven Swartz ndi Mary Lou Jones adachita. maphunziro oyamba mwadongosolo a grey whales m'nyanja kuyambira 1977-1982. (2) Dr. Swartz pambuyo pake adagwirizana ndi Dr. Jorge Urban kuti akhazikitse Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science Programme (LSIESP), yomwe, mu 2009, idakhala ntchito yothandizidwa ndi ndalama ya The Ocean Foundation.

Pulogalamuyi imayang'ana "zizindikiro" - biological, ecological, and even sociological metrics - kuyang'anira ndi kupereka malingaliro kuti atsimikizire zathanzi la Laguna San Ignacio Wetlands Complex. Zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi LSIESP, zomwe zimawonedwa pakusintha kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko, ndizothandiza kwambiri pakukonza kwanthawi yayitali kuwonetsetsa kuti chilengedwe chapaderachi chingathe kupirira zovuta zakunja kuchokera ku zokopa alendo, usodzi, ndi anthu omwe amachitcha izi. malo kunyumba. Zosungidwa zosasokonekera zatithandizira kumvetsetsa kwathu za nyanjayi, zovutitsa zake, mayendedwe ake, komanso momwe anthu okhalamo amnyengo ndi nthawi zonse amakhala. Mogwirizana ndi mbiri yakale, kuyesetsa kwa LSIESP kwapangitsa kuti malowa akhale amodzi mwa malo ophunzirira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Chida chimodzi chothandiza chomwe chapezeka m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi ndi kujambula kwa digito. Poyamba ntchito yomwe inkafuna mafilimu ambiri, mankhwala oopsa, zipinda zamdima, ndi diso lakuthwa kuti tiyerekeze, tsopano ochita kafukufuku amatha kujambula zithunzi zambirimbiri paulendo umodzi kuti ajambule chithunzi chabwino kwambiri chofananira. Makompyuta amathandizira kusanthula zithunzi polola kuwunikanso mwachangu, kuwunika, ndi kusungidwa kokhazikika. Chifukwa cha makamera a digito, kuzindikiritsa zithunzi kwakhala chinsinsi cha biology ya nyama zakuthengo ndipo imalola LSIESP kutenga nawo gawo pakuwunika thanzi, mawonekedwe athupi, komanso kukula kwa moyo wa anangumi otuwa panyanja.

LSIESP ndi ofufuza ake akhala akufalitsa malipoti a zomwe apeza kuyambira koyambilira kwa 1980 ndikuzindikiritsa zithunzi kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mu lipoti laposachedwa la nyengo ya 2015-2016, ofufuzawo akuti: "Zithunzi za anamgumi 'ogwidwanso' zatsimikizira zaka za namgumi zazikazi kuyambira zaka 26 mpaka 46, ndikuti akaziwa akupitiliza kuberekana ndikuchezera Laguna San Ignacio ng'ombe zawo zatsopano nthawi yozizira. Izi ndi zozindikiritsa zakale kwambiri za anamgumi amtundu uliwonse wamoyo, ndipo zikuwonetsa kukhulupirika kwa kuswana anamgumi aakazi ku Laguna San Ignacio. " (3)

Zosungidwa zakale, zosasokonezedwa zathandiza ofufuza a LSIESP kugwirizanitsa machitidwe a grey whale ndi malo akuluakulu a chilengedwe kuphatikizapo maulendo a El Niño y La Niña, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, ndi kutentha kwa nyanja. Kukhalapo kwa zochitikazi kumakhudza kwambiri nthawi ya grey whale kufika ndi kunyamuka nyengo iliyonse yozizira, komanso chiwerengero cha anamgumi ndi thanzi lawo lonse.

Kafukufuku watsopano wa majini akulola ochita kafukufuku kuyerekezera anamgumi amtundu wa Laguna San Ignacio omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha anamgumi aku Western grey, omwe amakhala mbali ina ya nyanja ya Pacific. Kupyolera mu mgwirizano ndi mabungwe ena padziko lonse lapansi, LSIESP yakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri pamagulu owonetsetsa kuti amvetsetse bwino za chilengedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anamgumi amtundu padziko lonse lapansi. Zoona zaposachedwapa za anamgumi otchedwa gray whale ku gombe la Israel ndi Namibia akusonyeza kuti mitundu yawo ingakhale ikukulirakulirabe pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukutsegula makonde opanda madzi oundana ku Arctic kuti alole anangumi kubwerera ku Atlantic​—nyanja imene sanakhalepo kuyambira pamenepo. kutha pa nthawi yautali wa nsonga zamalonda.

LSIESP ikukulitsanso kafukufuku wake wa mbalame kuti ifufuze mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mbalame pazachilengedwe za m'nyanjayi, komanso kuchuluka kwake komanso momwe zimakhalira. Pambuyo pa kutayika koopsa kwa mbalame zomanga zisa ku Isla Garza ndi Isla Pelicano kwa akalulu anjala, omwe awonetsa kuti ali ndi luso loyang'anira mafunde kapena osambira odziwa bwino, malo opangira aikidwa kuzungulira nyanjayi kuti athandize anthu kumanganso. .

Komabe, zinthu zowonjezera zikufunika kwambiri kuti zithandizire kafukufuku wa mbalame zomwe zangobadwa kumene za pulogalamuyi kuti tipeze zosunga zobwezeretsera zanthawi yayitali zomwe zathandiza kwambiri pakukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu za namgumi wotuwa wa kunyanja. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka poganizira momwe deta yodalirika imagwirira ntchito popanga mfundo za boma, zomwe zimafuna mgwirizano wa mayiko kuti ateteze mbalame zomwe zimakonda kusamuka kwambiri kunyanja.

Mwina imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za pulogalamuyi ndi yophunzitsa. LSIESP imapereka mwayi wophunzira pophatikiza ophunzira -sukulu ya pulayimale mpaka ku koleji - ndikuwawonetsa ku njira zofufuzira zasayansi, njira zabwino kwambiri zotetezera, komanso, koposa zonse, chilengedwe chodabwitsa, chapadera chomwe sichingokhala ndi moyo - chimalimbikitsa moyo.

Kubwerera mu Marichi, pulogalamuyi idakhala ndi kalasi yochokera ku Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, mnzake wamkulu wa LSIESP. Paulendo wapamunda, ophunzira adachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe amawonetsa ntchito zomwe ofufuza a pulogalamuyi, kuphatikiza kuzindikiritsa zithunzi za anamgumi amvi ndi kafukufuku wa avian kuti athe kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa mbalame komanso kusiyanasiyana. Polankhula ndi gulu kumapeto kwa ulendo wawo, tinakambirana za mwayi wosiyanasiyana wopezeka kuti tithandizire ntchito yovutayi, komanso kufunika kodzionera tokha nyanjayi. Ngakhale kuti si ophunzira onse amene adzakhala akatswiri a zamoyo zakuthengo omwe amagwira ntchito m'munda, zikuwonekeratu kuti kuchitapo kanthu kwamtunduwu sikungopititsa patsogolo chidziwitso-kukupanga mbadwo watsopano wa oyang'anira kuti awonetsetse chitetezo cha nyanjayi mpaka mtsogolo. .

Pamene ophunzirawo anali kunyanja, LSIESP idakhazikitsanso "Community Reunion" yapachaka ya 10 ndi nkhani zosiyirana zasayansi. Mitu yambiri yomwe yafufuzidwa mu lipoti la chaka chino idayankhidwa kudzera muzowonetsa kuchokera kwa ochita kafukufuku, kuphatikiza zosintha za kalembera wa grey whale, zotsatira za kafukufuku woyambirira wa avian, kafukufuku wokhudza zaka zachikazi za grey whale kuchokera ku mbiri yakale yodziwika bwino, mawu omveka a whale whale, ndi maphunziro acoustic pa kuzungulira kwa dizilo kwachilengedwe komanso kumveka kwa anthu m'nyanja.

Pokokera alendo pafupifupi 125, kuphatikiza alendo, ophunzira, ofufuza, ndi okhala mdera lanu, Community Reunion ikuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa LSIESP pakufalitsa zidziwitso zodalirika zasayansi ndikupanga mpata wokambirana ndi anthu ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nyanjayi. Kudzera m'mabwalo ngati awa, pulogalamuyi imaphunzitsa ndi kupatsa mphamvu anthu amdera lanu kuti azitha kupanga zisankho zachitukuko zamtsogolo.

Kuyanjana kwamtunduwu kwakhala kofunika chifukwa cha lingaliro la boma la Mexico loletsa dongosolo lomwe linali lovuta kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 kuti amange malo opangira mchere wa solar panyanja, zomwe zikanasintha kwambiri chilengedwe. Pothandiza anthu okhala m'derali, LSIESP yapereka zambiri zothandizira chitukuko chokhazikika cha bizinesi yoyendera zachilengedwe yomwe imadalira kusungidwa kwa zomera ndi zinyama zapadera za m'nyanjayi. Ntchito zoteteza zachilengedwe zadzetsa phindu pazachuma chifukwa cha kufunika kosungabe chidwi cha chilengedwe cha m'nyanjayi chofuna kupitiliza kukopa alendo omwe amathandizira moyo wa anthu am'deralo.

Kodi tsogolo la malo apaderawa ndi lotani? Kuphatikiza pa kusatsimikizika kokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi, chitukuko cha zachuma chikupita patsogolo panyanjayi. Ngakhale kuti mseu wopita kunyanjayi mulibe misewu yambiri, pali nkhawa yakuti kuchuluka kwa njira zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa misewuyo kungapangitse kuti malo okongolawa asokonezeke. Mapulani obweretsa magetsi ndi madzi kuchokera ku tawuni ya San Ignacio athandizira kwambiri moyo wa anthu okhala mderali, koma sizikudziwika ngati malo owumawa atha kuthandizira malo owonjezera okhalamo ndikusunga mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso kuchuluka kwa nyama zakuthengo.

Chilichonse chomwe chingachitike m'zaka zikubwerazi, zikuwonekeratu kuti chitetezo chopitilira Laguna San Ignacio chidzadalira kwambiri, monga momwe zakhalira kale, kwa alendo odziwika bwino a m'deralo, la ballena gris.

“Potsirizira pake anamgumi amtundu wa grey ndi akazembe awo a chikomerezo chawo. Ndi anthu ochepa amene amakumana ndi naviyatani akalewa amachoka osasintha. Palibe nyama zina ku Mexico zomwe zimatha kupeza chithandizo chofanana ndi grey whales. Chifukwa chake, ma cetaceans awa apanga tsogolo lawo. ” – Serge Dedina (4)

Nditabwerera ku Washington, DC, nthawi zambiri ndimakumbukira nthawi yomwe ndinali kunyanja. Mwina ndichifukwa chakuti mpaka lero, ndikupeza matope a m’chipululu m’zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene ndinabwera nazo kumeneko—m’chikwama changa chogona, mu kamera yanga, ngakhalenso m’kiyibodi imene ndimalembapo pakali pano. Kapena mwina ndichifukwa chakuti ndikamva mafunde akuomba m’mphepete mwa nyanja, kapena kulira kwa mphepo ya m’nyanja, ndimaonabe kuti pali phokoso linanso pansi pa nthaka. Ndipo, ndikamaganizira kamvekedwe kameneka—monga mmene ndinachitira usiku umene ndinafika kunyanjako kuphokoso lamphamvu la namgumi m’chizimezime—zimayamba kuoneka ngati nyimbo. Concerto ya cetacean. Koma nyimboyi yadutsa mabeseni ambiri a nyanja. Iwo wadutsa mlengalenga wa mzimu wa munthu, kuluka pamodzi anthu ochokera ku dziko lonse lapansi, mu ukonde wake wa symphonic. Ndinyimbo yosasiya mlendo kunyanja. Ndi nyimbo yomwe imatiitaniranso ku malo akale omwe anamgumi ndi anthu amakhala ofanana, ngati zibwenzi, komanso ngati banja.

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(1) Swartz, Steven (2014). Lagoon Time. The Ocean Foundation. San Diego, CA. 1 kope. Tsamba 5.

(2) Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science Programme (2016). "Za." http://www.sanignaciograywhales.org/about/. 

(3) Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science Programme (2016). Lipoti la kafukufuku wa 2016 la Laguna San Ignacio & Bahia Magdalena. 2016 http://www.sanignaciograywhales.org/2016/06/2016-research-reports-new-findings/

(4) Dedina, Serge (2000). Kupulumutsa Gray Whale: Anthu, Ndale, ndi Chitetezo ku Baja California. Yunivesite ya Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona. 1 kope.