Pitani Kwakukulu kapena Pitani Kunyumba

Mapangano a mayiko ndi ofunika kwambiri pofuna kuteteza thanzi ndi moyo wa zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi, kuyambira pa ufulu wachibadwidwe mpaka zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, mayiko agwirizana kuti apeze mmene angakwaniritsire cholinga chimenechi. 

Kwa nthawi yaitali tsopano, asayansi ndi oteteza zachilengedwe adziwa kuti madera otetezedwa a m’nyanja ndi amene amathandiza kwambiri kulimbikitsa kuchira ndi kupindula kwa zamoyo za m’nyanja. Malo otetezedwa mwapadera a anamgumi, ma dolphin ndi nyama zina zam'madzi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti marine mammal protected areas (MMPAs) amachita chimodzimodzi. Maukonde a ma MMPA amaonetsetsa kuti malo ovuta kwambiri ndi otetezedwa ku anamgumi, ma dolphin, manatees ndi zina. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi malo omwe kuswana, kubala ndi kudyetsera kumachitika.

Bungwe la International Committee on Marine Mammal Protected Areas lathandiza kwambiri poteteza malo ofunika kwambiri kwa nyama za m'nyanja. Gulu losakhazikika ili la akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi (asayansi, mameneja, mabungwe omwe siaboma, mabungwe ndi ena.) akupanga gulu lodzipereka kuti likwaniritse njira zabwino zomwe zimayang'ana ma MMPA. Malingaliro ofunikira komanso ofika patali achokera pazosankha zamisonkhano inayi ya Komitiyi, kuphatikiza Hawaii (2009), Martinique (2011), Australia (2014) ndi Mexico posachedwa. Ndipo ma MMPA ambiri akhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha izi.

Koma bwanji za chitetezo cha nyama zam'madzi pamene zikuyenda kapena kusamuka pakati pa malo ovuta amenewo?

Ili ndiye funso lomwe lidapanga lingaliro pamtima pavuto langa lotsegulira kwa omwe adasonkhana pa Msonkhano Wachinayi wa Mayiko Otetezedwa ndi Madera Otetezedwa Oyamwitsa, womwe unachitikira ku Puerto Vallarta, Mexico sabata ya Novembara 4th, 14.

Kupyolera mu mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, zombo zankhondo zakunja zimatha kudutsa m'madzi a dziko popanda vuto kapena kuvulaza ngati akuyenda mosalakwa. Ndipo, ndikuganiza kuti tonsefe titha kuvomereza kuti anamgumi ndi ma dolphin akupanga ndime yosalakwa ngati alipo.

Chimango chofananacho chilipo pazamalonda. Kudutsa m'madzi a dziko kumaloledwa malinga ndi malamulo ndi mapangano omwe amayendetsa machitidwe a anthu okhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi chilengedwe. Ndipo nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti ndi ntchito ya anthu onse kuti azitha kudutsa bwinobwino zombo zomwe sizikufuna kuvulaza. Kodi timayendetsa bwanji khalidwe lathu laumunthu kuti tiwonetsetse kuti njira yotetezeka komanso malo abwino kwa anamgumi omwe amadutsa m'madzi a dziko? Kodi ifenso tinganene kuti ndi ntchito?

Pamene anthu akudutsa m’madzi a dziko lililonse, kaya ndi njira yosalakwa ya zombo zankhondo zopanda zigawenga, zotengera zamalonda, kapena zochitira zosangalatsa, sitingathe kuwawombera, kuwathamangitsa, kuwamanga ndi kuwazinga, kapena sitingathe kuwononga chakudya chawo; madzi kapena mpweya. Koma izi ndi zinthu, mwangozi komanso mwadala, zomwe zimachitika kwa nyama zam'madzi zomwe mwina zili zosalakwa kwambiri mwa zomwe zimadutsa m'madzi athu. Ndiye tingaleke bwanji?

Yankho? Malingaliro a continental! Ocean Foundation, International Fund for Animal Welfare ndi othandizana nawo akufuna kuteteza madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ya dziko lonse lapansi kuti nyama zam'madzi ziziyenda bwino. Tikufuna kuti tikhazikitse makonde oti nyama za m’madzi zikhale “njira yotetezeka” zomwe zingalumikizane ndi madera otetezedwa ndi nyama za m’nyanja pofuna kuteteza ndi kuteteza nyama za m’nyanja. Kuchokera ku Glacier Bay kupita ku Tierra del Fuego ndi kuchokera ku Nova Scotia kutsika ku gombe lakum’maŵa kwa United States, kupyola nyanja ya Caribbean, mpaka ku nsonga kwenikweni kwa South America, tikuona m’maganizo mwathu makonde aŵiri—ofufuzidwa mosamalitsa, opangidwa, ndi kujambulidwa—omwe amayang’ana m’mbali mwa nyanja. zindikirani “njira yosungika” ya anamgumi a blue whale, anamgumi a humpback, anamgumi a sperm, ndi mitundu ina yambirimbiri ya anamgumi ndi ma dolphin, ngakhalenso anamgumi. 

Pamene tinakhala m’chipinda chamsonkhano chopanda mazeneracho ku Puerto Vallarta, tinalongosola njira zina zokwaniritsira masomphenya athu. Tinasewera ndi malingaliro amomwe tingatchule dongosolo lathu ndipo tidagwirizana kuti 'Chabwino, ndi makonde awiri munyanja ziwiri. Kapena, makonde awiri m'magombe awiri. Chifukwa chake, zitha kukhala 2 Coasts 2 Corridors. ”

Kupanga makonde awiriwa kudzathandizana, kuphatikizira ndi kukulitsa malo ambiri osungira nyama zam'madzi omwe alipo komanso chitetezo m'derali. Idzalumikiza chitetezo cha Marine Mammal Protection Act ku USA ndi netiweki ya madera otetezedwa mwa kudzaza mipata ya korida yosamukira ku nyama zam'madzi.

Izi zidzalola kuti anthu ammudzi wathu azitha kupanga njira zofananira ndi mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi chitukuko ndi kasamalidwe ka malo osungira nyama zam'madzi, kuphatikizapo kuyang'anira, kudziwitsa anthu, kulimbikitsa luso ndi kulankhulana, komanso kasamalidwe kameneka ndi machitidwe. Izi ziyenera kuthandizira kulimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito a kasamalidwe ka malo opatulika ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwake. Ndipo, kafukufuku wamakhalidwe a nyama pa nthawi yakusamuka, komanso kumvetsetsa bwino kukakamizidwa kwa anthu ndi ziwopsezo zomwe mitunduyi imakumana nayo pakusamuka kotereku.

Tipanga mapu ndi kuzindikira komwe kuli mipata pachitetezo. Kenako, tidzalimbikitsa maboma kuti azitsatira njira zabwino zoyendetsera nyanja, malamulo ndi ndondomeko (kasamalidwe ka ntchito za anthu) zokhudzana ndi nyama zam'madzi kuti zipereke kusasinthika kwa ochita nawo zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zokonda m'madzi amtundu uliwonse komanso Madera a Beyond National Jurisdiction omwe amagwirizana ndi makonde omwe adzafotokoza. 

Tikudziwa kuti tili ndi zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi zomwe timagawana m'dera lino. Chimene tikusowa ndi chitetezo chodutsa malire kwa zinyama zodziwika bwino komanso zoopsa za m'nyanja. Mwamwayi, tili ndi chitetezo chomwe chilipo komanso malo otetezedwa. Malangizo odzifunira ndi mapangano odutsa malire amatha kulimbikitsa mtunda wautali. Tili ndi chikhumbo cha ndale komanso chikondi cha anthu pa nyama zam'madzi, komanso ukadaulo ndi kudzipereka kwa anthu omwe ali mgulu la MMPA.  

2017 ndi Chikumbutso cha 45th cha US Marine Mammal Protection Act. Chaka cha 2018 chikhala zaka 35 kuchokera pomwe tidakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kupha anamgumi padziko lonse lapansi. 2 Coasts 2 Corridors adzafunika thandizo la aliyense wa mdera lathu panthawi zosiyanasiyana. Cholinga chathu ndi kukhala ndi njira yotetezeka ya anamgumi ndi ma dolphin pamalo otetezeka pamene tikukondwerera zaka 50.