Mphepo yamkuntho Isaac ndi Kufunika kwa Madambo a M'mphepete mwa nyanja

ndi Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti wa The Ocean Foundation

Helen Wood Park ku Alabama Pambuyo pa Mkuntho wa Hurricane Isaac (8/30/2012)
 

M'nyengo ya mvula yamkuntho, n'zachibadwa kuti kukambirana za kuopsa kwa anthu kumakhudza kwambiri ma TV, zilengezo za boma, ndi malo ochitira misonkhano. Ife amene timagwira ntchito yoteteza nyanjayi timaganiziranso za kuwonongeka kwa zida zophera nsomba komanso minda yatsopano ya zinyalala pambuyo pa mvula yamkuntho m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Timadandaula za kutsuka kwa matope, poizoni, ndi zomangira zochokera pamtunda ndi m’nyanja, zikumatsekereza mikwingwirima yobala zipatso; udzu wa m'nyanja madambo, ndi madera a madambo. Timaganizira za momwe mvula yambiri ingasefukire njira zochotsera zimbudzi, zomwe zimabweretsa ngozi kwa nsomba ndi anthu. Timayang'ana matope a phula, mafuta otsetsereka, ndi zinthu zina zatsopano zowononga zomwe zimatha kupita ku madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi m'malo athu.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mafunde ena a mkuntho amathandizira kutulutsa madzi, kubweretsa mpweya kumadera omwe timawatcha kuti akufa. Tikukhulupirira kuti zomangira za madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja—mabowo, misewu, nyumba, magalimoto, ndi zina zonse—zidzakhalabe bwinobwino m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndipo timaphatikiza nkhanizo kuti timve za zotsatira za namondwe pamadzi athu a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyama ndi zomera zomwe zimati ndi kwawo.

Pambuyo pa Tropical Storm Hector ndi Cyclone Ileana ku Loreto, Mexico mwezi watha ndi Hurricane Isaac ku Caribbean ndi Gulf of Mexico, mvula yamkuntho inachititsa kusefukira kwa zimbudzi zazikulu. Ku Loreto, anthu ambiri adadwala chifukwa chodya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Ku Mobile, Alabama, magaloni 800,000 a zimbudzi adatayikira m'madzi, zomwe zidapangitsa akuluakulu am'deralo kupereka machenjezo azaumoyo kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa. Akuluakulu akuwunikabe madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo kuti apeze zizindikiro zina za zoipitsa, zonse zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ndi mafuta. Monga Seafood News inanena sabata ino, "Pomaliza, mayesero atsimikizira kuti mphepo yamkuntho Isaac idatsuka mafuta a BP, omwe adatsala mu 2010, pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Alabama ndi Louisiana. Akuluakulu amayembekezera kuti izi zichitika ndi ogwira ntchito kale kuyeretsa mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri adafulumira kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta owonekera ndi 'usiku ndi usana' poyerekeza ndi 2010.

Ndiye pali ndalama zoyeretsera zomwe simungaganizire. Mwachitsanzo, kusonkhanitsa ndi kutaya matani a mitembo ya nyama. Pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho ya Isaac mobwerezabwereza, pafupifupi 15,000 nutria inatsukidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Hancock County, Mississippi. M’chigawo chapafupi cha Harrison County, ogwira ntchito m’boma anachotsa nyama zopitirira matani 16, kuphatikizapo nutria, m’magombe ake m’masiku oyambirira Isaac atamenya gombe. Nyama zomizidwa - kuphatikiza nsomba ndi zolengedwa zina za m'nyanja - sizachilendo chifukwa cha mvula yamkuntho kapena kusefukira kwamvula - ngakhale m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pontchartrain munadzaza mitembo ya nutria, nkhumba zakutchire, ndi alligator, malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani. Mwachiwonekere, mitemboyi ikuyimira ndalama zowonjezera kwa anthu omwe akufuna kutseguliranso zokopa alendo m'mphepete mwa nyanja chifukwa cha mkuntho. Ndipo, pali ena omwe amayamikira kutayika kwa nutria-mtundu wamtundu wopambana kwambiri womwe umaberekana mosavuta komanso kawirikawiri, ndipo ukhoza kuvulaza kwambiri.

Monga lipoti lochokera ku Wildlife Services pulogalamu ya USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service limati¹, "Nutria, khoswe wamkulu wam'madzi, adabweretsedwa ku United States mu 1889 chifukwa cha ubweya wake. Pamene msika [umenewo] unagwa m'ma 1940, zakudya zambiri zopatsa thanzi zinatulutsidwa kuthengo ndi alimi omwe sakanatha kuzigula ... Nutria ndi yochuluka kwambiri m'madera a Gulf Coast, komanso imayambitsa mavuto m'madera ena a kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Coast…nutria amawononga magombe a ngalande, nyanja, ndi mabwalo ena amadzi. Chofunika kwambiri, komabe, ndi kuwonongeka kosatha kwa nutria kungayambitse madambo ndi madambo ena.

M'madera amenewa, nutria amadya zomera zomwe zimagwirizanitsa dothi lakuda. Kuwonongeka kwa zomera zimenezi kumachititsa kuti madambo a m’mphepete mwa nyanja awonongeke kwambiri chifukwa cha kukwera kwa madzi a m’nyanja.”
Chifukwa chake, mwina titha kutcha kumizidwa kwa zikwi zikwi za nutria siliva wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madambo omwe akucheperachepera omwe adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri poteteza Gulf ndipo amathanso ndi chithandizo. Ngakhale pamene anzathu ndi opereka thandizo m’mphepete mwa Gulf anavutika ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, kutayika kwa magetsi, ndi nkhani zina pambuyo pa Hurricane Isaac, panalinso mbiri yabwino.

Udindo wofunikira wa madambo umadziwika padziko lonse lapansi pansi pa Msonkhano wa Ramsar, womwe wakale wa TOF, Luke Elder adalemba posachedwa pa TOF blog. TOF imathandizira kasungidwe ka madambo ndi kukonzanso m'malo angapo. Ena mwa iwo ali ku Alabama.

Ena a inu mungakumbukire malipoti am'mbuyomu okhudza projekiti yamgwirizano ya 100-1000 yomwe ili ndi TOF ku Mobile Bay. Cholinga cha polojekitiyi ndikukhazikitsanso ma 100 miles of oyster reef ndi maekala 1000 a madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'mphepete mwa Mobile Bay. Kuyesayesa pamalo aliwonse kumayamba ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyala ya oyster pamtunda wa mayadi ochepa chabe kuchokera pamtunda pamtunda wopangidwa ndi munthu. Pamene matope akumangirira kuseri kwa matanthwewo, udzu wa madambo umakhazikitsanso malo awo akale, kuthandiza kusefa madzi, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mvula yamkuntho, ndi kusefa madzi otuluka pamtunda kulowa mu Bay. Madera otere amakhalanso nazale yofunika kwambiri kwa nsomba zazing'ono, shrimp ndi zolengedwa zina.

Ntchito yoyamba yokwaniritsa cholinga cha 100-1000 inachitika ku Helen Woods Memorial Park, pafupi ndi mlatho wopita ku Dauphin Island ku Mobile Bay. Choyamba panali tsiku lalikulu la kuyeretsa kumene ndinagwirizana ndi antchito odzipereka ogwira ntchito mwakhama ochokera ku Mobile Baykeeper, Alabama Coastal Foundation, National Wildlife Federation, The Nature Conservancy ndi mabungwe ena ponyamula matayala, zinyalala, ndi zinyalala zina. Kubzala kwenikweni kunachitika miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake pamene madziwo anali ofunda. Udzu wa madambo wa polojekitiyi wadzaza bwino. Ndizosangalatsa kuona momwe kulowererapo pang'ono kwa anthu (ndi kudziyeretsa tokha) kungathandizire kubwezeretsedwa kwachilengedwe kwa madera a madambo akale.

Mungaganizire mmene tinadikirira mwachidwi malipoti okhudza ntchitoyo pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa madzi ndi mvula yamkuntho yomwe inayambitsa mphepo yamkuntho Isake. Nkhani zoipa? Zomangamanga za pakiyi zidzafunika kukonzedwanso kwambiri. Nkhani yabwino? Madera atsopano a madambo ali osasunthika ndipo akugwira ntchito yawo. Ndizolimbikitsa kudziwa kuti cholinga cha 100-1000 chikakwaniritsidwa, anthu ndi madera ena a Mobile Bay adzapindula ndi madambo atsopano - m'nyengo ya mphepo yamkuntho komanso chaka chonse.

1