Ndi Za Nsomba…Zoonadi.

Wolemba Mark J. Spalding - Purezidenti, The Ocean Foundation

Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani tikukamba za nsomba zogwidwa kuthengo? Pali magawo ambiri ochulukirachulukira am'nyanja zam'madzi, komanso nkhani zambiri zomwe zimakhazikika pa ubale wamunthu ndi nyanja. Kodi tiyenera kuda nkhawa kuti nthawi yochuluka ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa momwe angathandizire makampani omwe akucheperachepera kuti apulumuke, osati nkhani zina zambiri za m'nyanja zomwe tiyenera kunena?

Yankho: Chifukwa zadziwika kuti kupatula kusintha kwa nyengo, palibe vuto lalikulu kunyanja kuposa kusodza mopambanitsa ndi ntchito zomwe zimatsagana nazo.

Lachisanu linali tsiku lomaliza la World Oceans Summit yosungidwa ndi The Economist kuno ku Singapore. Munthu amayembekeza kuyimilira kwabizinesi, kapena njira yotsatsira misika ya capitalist, kuchokera The Economist. Ngakhale kuti chimangochi nthawi zina chimatha kuwoneka chopapatiza pang'ono, pakhala pali chidwi chokhazikika pa usodzi. Nsomba zogwidwa kuthengo zinafika pachimake pa matani 96 miliyoni mu 1988. Kuyambira pamenepo yakhalabe yosasunthika m’kuchuluka kwake mwa kusodza motsatizana ndi nsomba zosafunikira kwenikweni) ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri, potsatira mawu akuti “nsomba mpaka zitatha. , kenako pitirizani.”

"Tikusaka nsomba zazikulu monga momwe tidachitira nyama zathu zapadziko lapansi," adatero Geoff Carr, mkonzi wa Science The Economist. Chifukwa chake pakali pano, kuchuluka kwa nsomba kuli m'mavuto akulu m'njira zitatu:

1) Tikutenga ochuluka kwambiri kuti asunge kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchulukitsanso;
2) Zambiri mwa zomwe tikutuluka zikuyimira zazikulu (ndipo zachonde) kapena zazing'ono kwambiri (ndi chinsinsi cha tsogolo lathu); ndi
3) Njira zomwe timagwirira, kukonza, ndi kunyamula nsomba ndi zowononga kuchokera pansi pa nyanja mpaka kumtunda kwa mafunde. N'zosadabwitsa kuti machitidwe a moyo wa m'nyanjayi amachotsedwa pamlingo wotsatira.
4. Timayendetsabe kuchuluka kwa nsomba ndipo timaganiza za nsomba ngati mbewu zomwe zimamera m'nyanja zomwe timangokolola. M'malo mwake, tikuphunzira mochulukira momwe nsomba zilili gawo lofunikira pazachilengedwe zam'nyanja ndipo kuzichotsa kumatanthauza kuti tikuchotsa mbali ina ya chilengedwe. Izi zikubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pa momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito.

Choncho, tiyenera kulankhula za usodzi ngati tikambirana za kupulumutsa nyanja. Ndipo komwe kuli bwino kuti tikambirane za izi kuposa pamalo pomwe chiopsezo ndi ziwopsezo zimadziwika ngati nkhani yoteteza komanso nkhani yabizinesi. . . ndi Economist msonkhano.

Zachisoni, zadziwika kuti kukolola nsomba zakuthengo m'mafakitale/zamalonda sikungakhale kokhazikika pakusamalira chilengedwe:
- Sitingathe kukolola nyama zakutchire pamlingo woti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi (pamtunda kapena panyanja)
- Sitingathe kudya adani apamwamba kwambiri ndikuyembekeza kuti machitidwewo azikhala bwino
- Lipoti laposachedwa lati nsomba zathu zosawerengeka komanso zosadziŵika bwino ndizo zowonongeka kwambiri komanso zatha kwambiri, zomwe, malinga ndi nkhani zochokera ku nsomba zathu zodziwika bwino ...
- Kugwa kwa usodzi kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo zikangogwa, usodzi suyenera kuchira
- Asodzi ang'onoang'ono ambiri okhazikika ali pafupi ndi madera omwe anthu akuchulukirachulukira, choncho ndi nthawi yochepa chabe kuti akhale pachiwopsezo chogwiriridwa.
- Kufunika kwa mapuloteni a nsomba kukukulirakulira kuposa momwe anthu am'madzi am'madzi angathandizire
- Kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudza nyengo komanso kusamuka kwa nsomba
- Kuchuluka kwa acidity m'nyanja kumayika pachiwopsezo magwero a chakudya choyambirira cha nsomba, kupanga nkhono, komanso malo okhala pachiwopsezo monga ma coral reef omwe amakhala ngati gawo la moyo wa pafupifupi theka la nsomba zapadziko lonse lapansi.
- Ulamuliro wabwino wa nsomba zakuthengo umadalira mawu amphamvu omwe si amakampani, ndipo makampani, momveka bwino atenga gawo lalikulu pazisankho zausodzi.

Komanso makampaniwa alibe thanzi kapena okhazikika:
- Nsomba zathu zakuthengo zagwiritsidwa kale ntchito mopitilira muyeso ndipo bizinesiyo yakula kwambiri (mabwato ambiri akuthamangitsa nsomba zochepa)
-Nsodzi zazikuluzikulu zamalonda sizingagwire ntchito popanda thandizo la boma lamafuta, kupanga zombo, ndi magawo ena amakampani;
-Mathandizowa, omwe posachedwapa akhala akuwunikiridwa kwambiri ndi World Trade Organisation, amapangitsa kuti pakhale chilimbikitso pazachuma chowononga chilengedwe cha nyanja yathu; ie pakali pano akulimbana ndi kusakhazikika;
- Mafuta ndi ndalama zina zikukwera, pamodzi ndi madzi a m'nyanja, zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe a zombo zausodzi;
-Nsomba zogwidwa kuthengo zimayang'anizana ndi mpikisano wopitilira muyeso, pomwe misika imafuna miyezo yapamwamba, mtundu, ndi kutsata zogulitsa
- Mpikisano wochokera ku ulimi wam'madzi ndi wofunikira komanso ukukula. Aquaculture yatenga kale kuposa theka la msika wapanyanja wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ulimi wam'mphepete mwa nyanja wayamba kuwirikiza kawiri, monga momwe matekinoloje okhazikika am'mphepete mwa nyanja akupangidwira omwe athana ndi zovuta za matenda, kuyipitsidwa kwa madzi ndi kuwononga malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
- Ndipo, iyenera kukumana ndi zosinthazi ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi dzimbiri, masitepe ochulukirapo pamayendedwe ake (okhala ndi chiwopsezo cha zinyalala pagawo lililonse), ndipo onse okhala ndi chinthu chowonongeka chomwe chimafunikira firiji, zoyendera mwachangu, komanso kukonza koyera.
Ngati ndinu banki yomwe ikufuna kuchepetsa chiwopsezo pa ngongole yanu, kapena kampani ya inshuwaransi yomwe ikuyang'ana mabizinesi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kuti mutsimikizire, mudzakhala mukupewa kwambiri mtengo, nyengo, ndi ngozi zomwe zimapezeka m'malo osodza zakuthengo ndikukopedwa ndi ulimi wa m'madzi/nyanja ngati njira yabwinoko.

Chitetezo Chakudya M'malo mwake
Pamsonkhanowo, panali nthawi zingapo zodziwika bwino zokumbutsa othandizira ndi okamba nkhani omwe adasankhidwa kuti kusodza kwambiri kumakhudzanso umphawi ndi moyo. Kodi tingathe kubwezeretsanso moyo wa m'nyanja, kukhazikitsanso mbiri yakale ya zokolola, ndikulankhula za gawo lake pachitetezo cha chakudya - makamaka, ndi angati mwa anthu 7 biliyoni athu omwe angadalire zakudya zam'nyanja zakutchire ngati gwero lalikulu la mapuloteni, ndi njira ziti zomwe tingasankhe? kudyetsa ena, makamaka pamene chiwerengero cha anthu chikukula?

Tiyenera kukhala odziwa nthawi zonse kuti msodzi wocheperako ayenerabe kudyetsa banja lake-ali ndi njira zochepa zama protein kuposa anthu akumidzi aku America, mwachitsanzo. Usodzi ndi moyo kwa anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Choncho, tiyenera kuganizira za njira zothetsera chitukuko cha kumidzi. Nkhani yabwino kwa ife m’gulu la anthu oteteza zachilengedwe ndi yakuti ngati tilimbikitsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m’nyanja za m’nyanja, timachulukitsa zokolola ndipo motero timapeza chakudya chokwanira. Ndipo, ngati tiwonetsetsa kuti sitichotsa zinthu m'njira yofewetsa zachilengedwe (kusiya mitundu yochepa kwambiri komanso yofanana ndi majini), titha kupewanso kugwa kwina pakasintha zinthu.

Choncho tiyenera:
- Wonjezerani chiwerengero cha mayiko omwe akugwira ntchito yoyendetsa bwino nsomba zamalonda m'madzi awo
- Khazikitsani Nsomba Zokwanira Zokwanira Kuti Nsomba zichulukane ndi kuchira (ndi mayiko ochepa okha otukuka omwe achita izi kale)
- Chotsani ndalama zosokoneza msika mumsika (zikuchitika ku WTO)
- Boma lichite ntchito yake ndikutsata kusodza kosaloledwa, kosaneneka komanso kosayendetsedwa bwino (IUU)
- Pangani zolimbikitsa kuti muthane ndi vuto la kuchuluka kwa ntchito
- Pangani madera otetezedwa a m'madzi (MPAs) kuti akhazikitse malo oti nsomba ndi zamoyo zina zizichulukana ndikuchira, popanda chiopsezo chogwidwa kapena kuwonongeka ndi zida za usodzi.

Chovuta
Zonsezi zimafuna chifuniro cha ndale, kudzipereka kwa mayiko ambiri, ndi kuzindikira kuti malire ena omwe alipo angakhale ofunikira kuti apambane amtsogolo. Mpaka pano, pali mamembala a gulu la usodzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zandale kutsutsana ndi malire opha nsomba, kuchepetsa chitetezo mu MPAs, ndi kusunga ndalama zothandizira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, palinso kuzindikira kokulirapo kwa zosowa za madera ang'onoang'ono omwe asodzi omwe ali ndi njira zochepetsera zachuma, njira zomwe zikubwera zochepetsera kupanikizika kwa nyanja mwa kuwonjezera kachulukidwe ka nsomba pamtunda, ndi kuchepa koonekera bwino kwa nsomba zambiri.

Ku The Ocean Foundation, gulu lathu laopereka, alangizi, othandizira, atsogoleri a polojekiti, ndi anzathu akuyesetsa kupeza mayankho. Mayankho omwe amatengera njira zingapo, zomwe zimaganiziridwa mosamalitsa zomwe zingachitike, ndi matekinoloje omwe akubwera kuti apange tsogolo lomwe dziko lonse lapansi silingadyedwe kuchokera kunyanja, koma dziko lapansi lidzadalirabe nyanja ngati gawo la nyanja. chitetezo cha chakudya padziko lonse. Tikukhulupirira kuti mudzagwirizana nafe.