IUU Fishing Enforcement Act Yasainidwa Mulamulo

ndi Jessie Neumann, Wothandizira Kulumikizana kwa TOF

HR 774: Malamulo Oletsa Kusodza Osaloledwa, Osatchulidwa, ndi Osayendetsedwa (IUU) a 2015

February uno, Woimira Madeleine Bordallo (D-Guam) adayambitsidwanso HR Bill 774 ku Congress. Lamuloli likufuna kulimbikitsa njira zoyendetsera ntchito zoletsa kusodza kosaloledwa, kosaneneka komanso kosavomerezeka (IUU). Biliyo idakhazikitsidwa pambuyo posainidwa ndi Purezidenti Obama pa Novembara 5, 2015.

Vutolo

Usodzi wosaloleka, wosadziwika komanso wosayendetsedwa bwino (IUU) ukuwopseza moyo wa asodzi padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa zombo zosayendetsedwa bwino zimawononga nsomba zambiri komanso kuwononga zachilengedwe zam'madzi. Kuphatikiza pa kuletsa asodzi omvera malamulo komanso madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja zakudya za m’nyanja zokwana madola 23 biliyoni pachaka, zombo zapamadzi zomwe zimagwira ntchito yosodza ku IUU zimakhala ndi mwayi wochita zinthu zina zozembetsa anthu kuphatikizapo umbanda, kunyamula mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuzembetsa anthu.

Akuti pali anthu opitilira 20 miliyoni omwe akugwira ntchito mokakamizidwa kapena mokakamizidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuti ndi angati omwe akugwira ntchito yosodza, nambalayi ndi yosatheka kuwerengera. Kuzembetsa anthu m'malo osodza si nkhani yachilendo, komabe kudalirana kwa mayiko a malonda a nsomba zam'nyanja kukukulitsa vutoli. Kuopsa kogwira ntchito m'ngalawa ya usodzi kumapangitsa anthu ambiri kusafuna kuika moyo wawo pachiswe kuti alandire malipiro ochepa chonchi. Anthu osamukira kumayiko ena nthawi zambiri amakhala madera okhawo omwe amafunitsitsa kupeza ntchito zotsika, motero amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kuzemberedwa ndi kuzunzidwa. Ku Thailand, 90% ya anthu ogwira ntchito yokonza zakudya zam'madzi amapangidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ochokera kumayiko oyandikana nawo monga Myanmar, Lao PDR ndi Cambodia. Pakafukufuku wina wopangidwa ndi bungwe la FishWise ku Thailand, 20 peresenti ya anthu amene anafunsidwa pa mabwato ophera nsomba ndipo 9 peresenti ya amene anafunsidwa pokonza zinthuzo ananena kuti “anakakamizika kugwira ntchito.” Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa nsomba zapadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kusodza kopitilira muyeso kumakakamiza zombo kuti zipite kunyanja, kukapha nsomba kumadera akutali komanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Pali chiwopsezo chochepa chogwidwa panyanja ndipo oyendetsa zombo amatengerapo mwayi pa izi, kuchita nkhanza zopha nsomba za IUU mosavuta ndi ogwira ntchito ozunzidwa. Pali zovuta zodziwikiratu pakuwunika ndikukhazikitsa miyezo yantchito pagulu la asodzi padziko lonse lapansi pafupifupi 4.32 miliyoni, komabe kuthetsa usodzi wa IUU kudzathandizira polimbana ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu komwe kumachitika panyanja.

Usodzi wa IUU ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi, lomwe likuchitika m'madera onse akuluakulu padziko lapansi ndipo pali kusowa kwakukulu kwa zida zowunikira. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zombo zodziwika bwino za IUU sizimagawidwa kawirikawiri pakati pa US ndi maboma akunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira ndi kulanga olakwa. Zoposa theka la nsomba za m'nyanja (57.4%) zimadyetsedwa mokwanira zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale nsomba zina zimatetezedwa mwalamulo, ntchito za IUU zimakhalabe ndi zotsatira zowononga kuti zamoyo zina zikhazikike.

Yankho la HR 774

"Kulimbitsa njira zolimbikitsira kuti aletse kusodza kosaloledwa, kosadziwika, komanso kosalamuliridwa, kukonzanso Tuna Conventions Act ya 1950 kuti ikwaniritse Msonkhano wa Antigua, ndi zolinga zina."

HR 774 ikufuna kukhwimitsa ntchito yausodzi ya IUU. Idzapititsa patsogolo mphamvu zokakamira za US Coast Guard ndi National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Ndalamayi imapereka malamulo ndi malamulo otsimikizira zilolezo za sitima, kukwera ndi kufufuza zombo, kukana doko, ndi zina zotero. Zidzathandiza kulimbikitsa makampani odalirika komanso kukhazikika kwa zakudya zam'nyanja pochotsa zinthu zoletsedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zogulitsa nsomba zam'madzi. Lamuloli likufunanso kukulitsa luso loyang'anira zombo zakunja zosaloledwa powonjezera kugawana uthenga ndi maboma akunja. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuwonetseredwa ndi kufufuza bwino kudzathandiza maulamuliro angapo kuzindikira ndi kulanga mayiko omwe satsatira malamulo oyendetsera nsomba. Ndalamayi imalolanso kuti pakhale chitukuko ndi kugawa mndandanda wamagulu odziwika omwe akugwira nawo ntchito ku IUU.

HR 774 ikonza mapangano awiri apadziko lonse lapansi kuti alole kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwa mfundo ndi zilango zenizeni za usodzi wa IUU. Lamuloli likufuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa komiti yosankhidwa ya Sayansi ya Advisory Subcommittee monga gawo la Antigua Convention ya 2003, mgwirizano womwe udasainidwa ndi US ndi Cuba kuti ulimbikitse kasamalidwe ndi kasamalidwe ka usodzi wa tuna ndi mitundu ina yotengedwa ndi zombo zopha nsomba ku kum'mawa kwa Pacific Ocean. HR 774 imakhazikitsanso zilango zapachiweniweni ndi zaupandu kwa sitima zopezeka kuti zikuphwanya Mgwirizanowu. Potsirizira pake, lamuloli likusintha mapangano a Port State Measures Agreements a 2009 kuti agwiritse ntchito ulamuliro wa Coast Guard ndi NOAA ndi mphamvu zokana zombo zonse zapadziko lonse ndi "zachilendo" zolowa ndi ntchito ngati zikugwira ntchito ku IUU usodzi.

Pambuyo podziwitsidwa mu February 2015, HR 774 inadutsa ku Nyumba ya Oyimilira, kuvomerezedwa ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka (nthawi yachilendo) ndi Senate, ndipo inasaina kukhala lamulo ndi Purezidenti Obama Lachinayi, November 5, 2015.

Chithunzi: Ogwira ntchito ku Coast Guard Cutter Rush akuperekeza sitima yapamadzi yomwe akuganiziridwa kuti ya Da Cheng kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean pa August 14, 2012. Photo Credit: US Coast Guard
Deta yonse idachotsedwa kuzinthu zotsatirazi:
Nsomba. (2014, Marichi). Trafficked II - Chidule Chatsopano Chokhudza Kuponderezedwa Kwa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe M'makampani a Zakudya Zam'madzi.