Kusunga Polar Bears

Dr. Andrew E. Derocher, wa ku yunivesite ya Alberta, ndi wolandira ndalama za TOF Polar Seas Initiative zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi anthu omwe amapereka ndalama komanso othandizira makampani monga que Botolo. Tinapeza Dr. Derocher kuti timve zambiri za ntchito yomwe akugwira komanso zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo pa zimbalangondo za polar.

Kodi kuphunzira zimbalangondo za polar kumakhala bwanji?
Mitundu ina ndi yosavuta kuphunzira kuposa ina ndipo zimbalangondo za polar si imodzi mwa zosavuta. Zimatengera komwe amakhala, tingawaone, ndi njira zomwe tingagwiritse ntchito. Zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala kumadera akumidzi ozizira kwambiri omwe amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri. Ngakhale pali zovuta izi, mapulogalamu ofufuza a nthawi yayitali amatanthauza kuti timadziwa zambiri za zimbalangondo za polar komabe nthawi zonse timakhala tikuyang'ana zida zatsopano komanso zabwino.

Mumagwiritsa ntchito zida zotani?
Chida chimodzi chochititsa chidwi chomwe chikutuluka ndi ma ear tag satellite olumikizidwa ndi wailesi. Takhala tikugwiritsa ntchito makolala a satelayiti kwazaka zambiri kuwunika momwe malo amakhalira, kusamuka, kupulumuka, komanso kuchuluka kwa uchembere, koma izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akazi akuluakulu chifukwa amuna akuluakulu amakhala ndi makosi akulu kuposa mitu yawo ndipo kolala imatuluka. Mawailesi a ma Ear tag (pafupifupi kulemera kwa batri ya AA) kumbali ina, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa amuna ndi akazi ndipo amatipatsa mpaka miyezi 6 ya chidziwitso cha malo. Pazigawo zina zovuta, monga masiku omwe zimbalangondo zimachoka ndikubwerera kumtunda, ma tagwa amagwira ntchito bwino. Amatanthauzira nthawi yomwe chimbalangondo chili pamtunda pomwe ayezi am'nyanja asungunuka ndipo zimbalangondo zimasunthira kumtunda ndikudalira mafuta omwe amasungidwa kuti apeze mphamvu. Pali malire a kutalika kwa zimbalangondo zomwe zimatha kukhala popanda chakudya komanso poyang'anira nthawi yopanda madzi oundana kuchokera ku chimbalangondo cha polar timamvetsetsa bwino momwe kusintha kwanyengo kumawakhudzira.

Kodi kusintha kwa nyengo kumakhudza bwanji khalidwe la zimbalangondo?
Chiwopsezo chachikulu chomwe zimbalangondo zimakumana nazo ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo komwe kumakhala chifukwa cha kutentha ku Arctic. Ngati nthawi yopanda madzi oundana ikadutsa masiku 180-200, zimbalangondo zambiri zimatha kuwononga mafuta awo ndikumwalira ndi njala. Zimbalangondo zazing'ono kwambiri komanso zazikulu kwambiri zili pachiwopsezo.Panthawi yachisanu ku Arctic zimbalangondo zambiri za polar, kupatula zazikazi zomwe zili ndi pakati, zimakhala panyanja kukasaka zisindikizo. Kusaka kwabwino kumachitika kumapeto kwa masika pamene zisindikizo za ringed ndi zisindikizo za ndevu zikukula. Ana ambiri a naïve seal, ndi amayi omwe amayesa kuwayamwitsa, amapereka mwayi kwa zimbalangondo kuti zinenepe. Kwa zimbalangondo za polar, mafuta ndi pomwe ali. Ngati mumawaona ngati ma vacuum onenepa, mumayandikira kumvetsetsa momwe akukhala m'malo ovuta. Zisindikizo zimadalira pamtundu wokhuthala kuti zizikhala zofunda ndipo zimbalangondo zimadalira kudya mafuta amafuta opatsa mphamvuwo kuti adzipangire nkhokwe zawo zamafuta. Chimbalangondo chimatha kudya mpaka 20% ya kulemera kwa thupi lake pa chakudya chimodzi ndipo, oposa 90% amapita mwachindunji ku maselo awo amafuta kuti akasungidwe nthawi yomwe zisindikizo sizikupezeka. Palibe chimbalangondo chomwe chinayang'anapo mawonekedwe ake ndikuganiza "Ndanenepa kwambiri". Ndi kupulumuka kwa zonenepa kwambiri ku Arctic.

Azimayi apakati omwe amasungidwa m'makola a m'nyengo yozizira m'mbuyomo amaika mafuta ambiri omwe amawathandiza kukhala ndi moyo kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu osayamwitsa pamene panthawi imodzimodziyo akubala ndi kuyamwitsa ana awo. Ana ang'onoang'ono amodzi kapena awiri okwana kukula ngati nguluwe amabadwa pa tsiku la Chaka Chatsopano. Ngati madzi oundana asungunuka mofulumira kwambiri, amayi atsopanowa sadzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yosungira mafuta m'chilimwe chomwe chikubwera. Ana a zimbalangondo za polar amadalira mkaka kuchokera kwa amayi awo kwa zaka 2.5 ndipo chifukwa akukula mofulumira, alibe mafuta ochepa omwe amasungidwa. Amayi ndiye chitetezo chawo.

Kodi mukufuna kuti anthu adziwe chiyani za ntchito yanu?
N'zovuta kukhala chimbalangondo cha ku polar: usiku wozizira kwambiri wachisanu womwe umakhala kwa miyezi yambiri komanso kukhala pamadzi oundana omwe amatengeka ndi mphepo ndi mafunde. Chowonadi ndichakuti, zimbalangondo zidasinthika kukhala komweko ndipo mikhalidwe ikusintha. Kukhala wapadziko lapansi ngati kholo lawo la grizzly sichosankha. Kusintha kwa nyengo kukuchotsa malo omwe adasinthika kuti agwiritse ntchito. Kafukufuku wathu amathandizira kumvetsetsa momwe zimbalangondo za polar zimayankhira ku kutentha. Monga zithunzi za ku Arctic, zimbalangondo za ku polar mosadziŵa zakhala mitundu yosonyeza kusintha kwa nyengo. Tili ndi nthawi yosintha tsogolo la ice bear ndipo mwamsanga tizichita bwino. Tsogolo lawo limadalira zimene timasankha masiku ano.